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49-535: As of 2003, the district had a population of 129,190. The district covers an area of 707 km². The district capital lies at Đông Phú . 15°41′N 108°10′E  /  15.683°N 108.167°E  / 15.683; 108.167 This article about a location in Quảng Nam Province , Vietnam is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Qu%E1%BA%A3ng Nam Province Quảng Nam ( Vietnamese: [kwaːŋ˧˩ naːm˧˧] )

98-512: A French staff officer and laid at the entrance to the Fort de l'Aiguade. No response was received within the stipulated period, and the French admiral ordered the allied flotilla to open fire, hoisting a French flag at the main mast of Némésis and a Spanish flag at the mizzen mast. The warships of the allied flotilla soon dismounted the guns in the northern group of Vietnamese forts. The Vietnamese response

147-470: A cannonball while standing on the bridge of Némésis . The same shot killed a French sailor, wounded several others, and spattered Admiral Page with blood. Once the forts were silenced a French landing force was put ashore and found that the Vietnamese had abandoned their positions. Once again the French had won a fine tactical victory, overwhelming the Vietnamese defenders and capturing the forts, but once again

196-410: A joint French and Spanish expedition landed at Tourane, whose fine, sheltered harbor would make it a good base of operations for a campaign against Annam. Rigault de Genouilly's flagship was the screw-powered 50-gun frigate Némésis . He was accompanied by the screw-powered 12-gun corvettes Primauguet and Phlégéton , the steam-gunboats Alarme , Avalanche , Dragonne , Fusée and Mitraille , and

245-523: A trade hub, Quang Nam would also serve as the site where Western influence would enter into Vietnam. Notably Alexandre de Rhodes who had written the alphabet, and also where a military alliance with France was signed between Nguyen dynasty monarchs fleeing the Tay Son Rebellion. The region would also see the start of French colonization during Cochinchina campaign and the Siege of Tourane . The province

294-697: Is a coastal province near northernmost part of the South Central Coast region, the Central of Vietnam . It borders Thừa Thiên Huế to the north, Đà Nẵng to the northeast, Kon Tum to the southwest, Quảng Ngãi to the southeast, Sekong of Laos to the west and the South China Sea to the east. Quảng Nam is known for being a tourist destination in the Hội An cultural site, alongside an export and manufacturing hub within central Vietnam. Human habitation in

343-522: Is around 10 km east of it. National Road 14 runs from Thừa Thiên Huế province through the west of Quảng Nam to Đắk Glei district in Kon Tum province in the Central Highlands . It is connected to National Road 1A by 14B in north and 14E in central Quảng Nam and the border to Laos through 14D. 57.7% of the roads in (national, provincial, or district) are paved with asphalt, which is somewhat above

392-464: Is covered by forests, making it one of the most forested provinces in Vietnam. Forests dominate in the west of the province and along the border to Quảng Ngãi province . 111,900ha of land are used for agriculture, mostly in the east of the province. The Thu Bồn River system covers most of the province (except for the south-east), making it one of the largest river systems in central Vietnam. It led to

441-436: Is famous for its production of Saigon cinnamon. The economy of Quảng Nam has been growing rapidly in recent years. GDP growth in 2010 was 12.7% and the goal for 2011 is 13.5%. Growth has been between 12 and 15% in the years from 2005 to 2007, mostly driven by a booming industrial sector (growing more than 20% per year) and to a lesser extent the service sector. GDP per capita in 2007 was 8.76 million Vietnamese đồng , 65.2% of

490-452: Is the site of many of the province's factories. A smaller industrial zone is located in Tam Kỳ with factories producing electrical equipment, garments, and processed wood. Major industrial export products include leather shoes (US$ 51.26 million in 2007), garments (US$ 31.33 million), wooden products (US$ 8.587 million), and paper materials (US$ 2.136 million). Industrial products more oriented towards

539-517: The Central Highlands was the basis of this wealth and power. As a result of warfare with Vietnam, the centre of political power of the Cham shifted south to Vijaya . The trade in luxuries continued for some time under the Nguyễn lords but declined gradually, especially under the Nguyễn dynasty and further in colonial Vietnam, when the economic focus shifted to the agriculture of the large river deltas. As

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588-633: The Tay Son rebellion . The province of Quang Nam has historically served as a trade site and was a major port region in Southeast Asia for trading high-grade silk, fabrics, paper, porcelain, areca nuts, pepper, Chinese medicines, elephant tusks, beeswax, mother-of-pearl and lacquer. The Dutch brought Vietnamese slaves they captured from Nguyễn lord territories in Quảng Nam province to their colony in Taiwan . As

637-594: The World Heritage Road which connects different World Heritage Sites in Central Vietnam. Another popular tourist site is Cu Lao Cham ( Cham Islands ). Siege of Tourane The siege of Tourane (September 1858–March 1860) was a Vietnamese victory during the Cochinchina campaign , a punitive campaign against the Vietnamese launched by France and Spain in 1858. A joint Franco-Spanish expedition under

686-532: The Da Nang river and bombarded Western Fort and Eastern Fort. A shell burst inside Eastern Fort as the attackers approached and the survivors of the Vietnamese garrison abandoned their positions forthwith, as did the defenders of Western Fort. Most of the Vietnamese made their escape from the Tiên Sa Peninsula, but the defenders of Observatory Fort were unable to evacuate their positions in time. The French stormed

735-537: The French and Spanish also captured 40 enemy cannon. The Vietnamese commander Lê Đình Lý was mortally wounded in the engagement. Despite these impressive tactical victories, the French were unable to break the siege of Tourane. Meanwhile, disease was taking a heavy toll of the allied expedition. Cholera broke out both among the allied landing force and on the warships. Between 1 June and 20 June 1859, 200 French troops died from cholera in Tourane, and one battalion that joined

784-746: The French as chasseurs Tagals ). Tourane lay on the southern shore of the Bay of Tourane . Its main defenses were sited on the Tien Cha peninsula, on the eastern side of the bay. The Vietnamese had built five major forts along the sheltered western side of the peninsula, covering the approaches to the town (see map). These forts were known respectively to the French as Fort de l'Aiguade, Fort de l'Observatoire (Observatory Fort), Fort du Nord (Northern Fort), Fort de l'Est (Eastern Fort) and Fort de l'Ouest (Western Fort). Several shore batteries were deployed between these forts. These were potentially formidable defenses: The bay

833-469: The Kien Chan forts, to the north of Tourane Bay, which barred the route to Huế. Its chief purpose was political rather than military, namely to impress upon the Vietnamese that the French were not prepared to make peace at any price. On 18 November 1859, Némésis and Phlégéton (towed respectively by Prégent and Norzagaray , a dispatch vessel recently bought at Manila), the gunboats Avalanche and Alarme ,

882-455: The Tourane peninsula had been placed under siege by a Vietnamese army under the command of Nguyen Tri Phuong . The siege lasted for several months, though there was relatively little fighting. The Vietnamese adopted a scorched earth policy, laying waste the countryside around Tourane in the hope of starving the French and Spanish out. In April 1859, in the wake of his Siege of Saigon on 17 February, Rigault de Genouilly returned to Tourane with

931-401: The Vietnamese. The only trace left behind of the twenty-month Franco-Spanish occupation of the Tourane peninsula was a cemetery in which the allied dead had been buried. The Tourane expedition had tied down French resources unprofitably and drained French manpower, and the eventual evacuation of Tourane was an embarrassing confession of failure. Tự Đức was immensely encouraged by the outcome of

980-485: The bulk of his forces to reinforce Thoyon's hard-pressed garrison. The French made two attacks on the Vietnamese positions later in the year. On 8 May, Rigault de Genouilly personally led 1,500 French soldiers and sailors in a successful assault on the Vietnamese trenches. A number of Vietnamese earthworks were destroyed and several cannon were captured and brought back to the French lines. French casualties were 78 men killed and wounded. A second, equally successful, assault

1029-458: The coast and increasingly high elevations towards the west, with the highest elevations along the border to Laos and Kon Tum province . The highest peak is Ngọc Linh mountain at 2598m. In contrast to the other provinces of the South Central Coast there are no hills or mountains near the coast (with the exception of the Chàm Islands with a peak of 517m). More than half of Quảng Nam's area

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1078-569: The command of Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly captured Tourane (modern Da Nang ) in September 1858, but was then besieged in the city by the Vietnamese and forced eventually to evacuate it in March 1860. In 1857, the Vietnamese emperor Tự Đức executed two Spanish Catholic missionaries. This was neither the first nor the last such incident, and on previous occasions the French government had overlooked such provocations. On this occasion, Tự Đức's timing

1127-406: The command of Đô thống Lê Đình Lý. The allied expedition arrived off the entrance to Tourane Bay at nightfall on 31 August. At dawn on 1 September the warships took up positions facing the five Vietnamese forts on the Tiên Sa Peninsula. During the morning of 1 September Admiral Rigault de Genouilly summoned the Vietnamese to hand over the forts within two hours. The summons was taken ashore by

1176-425: The domestic market include fish sauce (3.69 million liters), bricks (253 million pieces), fabric (52.5 million meters), and hand farming tools (2 million pieces). Quang Nam has the biggest gas warehouse in the central area: Total Gas & Power Co. Ltd's Ky Ha gas warehouse. National Route 1 runs through the east of the province. Both Tam Kỳ and Chu Lai Economic Zone are located along this road, while Hội An

1225-450: The fort, and its defenders were either killed where they stood or taken prisoner. The allies followed up their victory by occupying Tourane and the Tiên Sa Peninsula. Admiral Rigault de Genouilly left Da Nang with the bulk of his forces on 2 February 1859, to launch an attack on Saigon. The French left only a small garrison of soldiers and sailors at Tourane, under the command of capitaine de vaisseau Thoyon, and two gunboats. Meanwhile,

1274-465: The garrison at the end of April 1859 lost a third of its strength in two months. In the autumn of 1859, Rigault de Genouilly, whose conduct of the war had come under criticism, was repatriated to France and replaced in command of the allied expedition by Rear Admiral François Page. Page disembarked in Tourane on 19 October, and immediately after his arrival offered peace terms to the Vietnamese: an end to

1323-458: The hands of trained soldiers, would be capable of sinking the entire naval division, and we were expecting the defenders at the very least to put up a serious resistance to it. Tourane was defended by a Vietnamese garrison forces of 2,000 provincial soldiers (Vietnamese: biền binh ) under the command of Chưởng cơ Đào Trí and Nam - Ngãi governor Trần Hoằng, then was reinforced with 2,000 center soldiers (Vietnamese: cấm binh ) from Huế under

1372-420: The main driving force of Quảng Nam's economy in the first decade of the century. In 2010 it contributed 40.1% to the provincial GDP, up from just 25.3% in 2000 and employed 99,600 workers in 2007, compared to 51,600 in 2000. Industrial GDP has increased 2.48 times between 2000 and 2007 and continues to grow at around 20%. Chu Lai Economic Zone is located in the south of the province along National Road 1 and

1421-409: The median value of provinces in Vietnam. The value is much higher and significantly better than the median for provincially managed roads: 87.68%. Only 29% of respondents to a survey of businesses in 2009 stated that road quality is good or very good (slightly above the median). Vietnam's North–South railway runs through the provinces. Some, but not all, trains stop at Tam Kỳ railway station serving

1470-445: The national average. Quảng Nam's economy has been diversified significantly during the first decade of the 21st century. Agriculture, forestry, and fishery made up 41.5% of the province's GDP in 2000 but only 21.4% in 2010. This is only a relative decline. Growth of the first sector has been positive but overshadowed by industrial and service growth. It was between 2 and 4% between 2000 and 2007 and 4.5% in 2010. The vast majority of

1519-454: The output of other crops has been increased: peanuts from 10,700t to 16,900t, rubber from 0t to 186t, pepper from 22t to 205t, and cashew nuts from 362t to 2345t. Given the recent significant expansion of rubber plantations, this crop is likely to grow further. So far, only peanut cultivation is significant in a national context, making up 3.35% of national output, while the other non-cereal crops contribute less than 1%. Industrial GDP has been

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1568-416: The persecution of Christians, the installation of French consuls in Vietnam and certain commercial privileges. These were relatively moderate terms, but the Vietnamese did not accept them. Instead, they spun out the negotiations, believing that the French would eventually leave Vietnam empty-handed. Page thereupon ordered a third attack on the Vietnamese siege lines at Tourane. The attack was directed against

1617-474: The province has been continuous for 2,200 years, starting with the Sa Huỳnh culture . Quảng Nam was once the political and near the geographic centre of Champa and the province was gifted in 1307 in exchange for a marriage to a Vietnamese or Dai Viet princess. For some time both the most powerful city-state and the busiest Cham port (at Hội An ) were located in what is now Quảng Nam. Trade in luxury goods from

1666-504: The provincial capital Tam Kỳ . Da Nang International Airport is located in Da Nang just north of Quảng Nam. Another airport, Chu Lai Airport is located in Núi Thành district in the south of the province near Quảng Ngãi province , serving Chu Lai Economic Zone. The province has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the ancient town of Hội An and the Mỹ Sơn temple complex. It also lies on

1715-487: The rise of an ancient Cham city state that was once Champa's most influential city and also included one of its most important commercial ports at Hội An . Quảng Nam subdivided into 18 district-level sub-divisions: They are further subdivided into 13 commune-level towns (or townlets), 213 communes, and 18 wards. Quảng Nam has two famous traditional products: the world's highest essential oil content Trà My cinnamon (aka Saigon Cinnamon ) and Ngọc Linh ginseng . Quảng Nam

1764-423: The siege, and had the news of the allied evacuation proclaimed throughout Vietnam. In the long run, however, the failure of the expedition made no difference to the course of the war. The military stalemate around Saigon was broken in 1861, when the ending of the war with China freed French military resources for action in Vietnam, by an important French and Spanish victory at Ky Hoa. The allies now began to gain

1813-510: The site contained several mountain passes, it has historically been a center for conflict between ruling powers and dynastic struggles. The site was the scene of heavy inter-dynastic fighting between the Trịnh–Nguyễn War and the point in which the Nguyen dynasty had escaped following their expulsion from their strongholds in the north. Its primary city of Hội An was destroyed and rebuilt during

1862-551: The steam transports Durance , Saône , Gironde , Dordogne and Meurthe . The Spanish navy was represented by the armed despatch vessel El Caño . The transports carried a landing force of two overstrength battalions of French marine infantry (1,000 men), a marine artillery battery and 1,000 troops drawn from the Spanish garrison of the Philippines (550 Spanish troops and 450 Filipino light infantry, mostly Tagalogs and Visayans, known to

1911-405: The transport Marne and the Spanish dispatch vessel Jorgo Juan (which had replaced El Caño ) anchored off the Kien Chan forts and opened a devastating bombardment. Before long the allied warships had wrecked the forts and dismounted their cannon. The casualties were not all on the Vietnamese side, however. Lieutenant Colonel Dupré-Déroulède, the senior French engineering officer, was cut in two by

1960-462: The upper hand. In April 1861, Mỹ Tho was captured. In early 1862, the French captured Biên Hòa and Vĩnh Long. These victories forced the Vietnamese to sue for peace in April 1862. By then, the French were not in a merciful mood. What had begun as a minor punitive expedition had turned into a long, bitter and costly war. It was unthinkable that France should emerge from this struggle empty-handed, and Tự Đức

2009-475: The victory had no strategic significance. Eventually the French decided to evacuate Tourane and concentrate their efforts around Saigon. Preparations for a methodical evacuation began in February 1860. The French and Spaniards disarmed and blew up one by one the Vietnamese forts they had occupied and burned their barrack huts. The last soldiers of the landing force re-embarked on 22 March 1860, without hindrance from

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2058-559: The work force is still employed in this sector: 524,700 out of 778,300 as of 2007 (down from 548,700 in 2000). Harvests of rice, which takes up 75% of the agricultural area, has increased from 329,900 tons in 2000 to 395,100 tons in 2007 (1.1% of the national rice output). The cultivation of industrial crops has experienced a significant transformation. The production of some crops has declined significantly: sugar cane from 170,400t in 2000 to 46,500t in 2007, tobacco from 2200t to 900t, tea from 1935t to 821t, and coconut from 8741t to 3675t, while

2107-447: Was able muster three columns for the attack, under the respective commands of Lieutenant Colonel Reybaud, Colonel Lanzarote and capitaine de vaisseau Reynaud, backed by a strong reserve under the command of chef de bataillon Breschin. The French and Spanish stormed the Vietnamese lines and put their defenders to flight. French casualties at Cẩm Lệ were 10 men killed and 40 wounded. Several hundred Vietnamese were killed and wounded, and

2156-536: Was defended by several forts. Some of these dated from the period of Pigneau de Béhaine and Olivier de Puymanel, but they were all in good condition, 'very superior', said the admiral, after visiting them, 'to anything we saw in China'. The cannons, of large and medium caliber, were mounted upon modern gun-carriages, the powder came from Britain, and the infantry was armed with good rifles, made in Belgium or France. Their arms, in

2205-408: Was feeble, and none of the allied ships suffered any damage. Rigault de Genouilly then put ashore the landing companies of Némésis , Primauguet and Phlégéton , under the orders of capitaine de vaisseau Reynaud. The sailors captured their first objective, the Fort de l'Aiguade, with little trouble, charging into the Vietnamese positions with cries of 'Vive l'Empereur!' Rigault de Genouilly's summons

2254-399: Was found on a table inside the fort, unopened. The attackers also overran a Vietnamese shore battery a little to the west of the fort. While this attack was being made, French soldiers went ashore in their turn. The southern objectives, Eastern Fort and Western Fort, were also taken without difficulty. Two French gunboats and the Spanish dispatch vessel El Caño anchored off the entrance to

2303-449: Was made on 15 September on the Vietnamese positions at Cẩm Lệ . The Vietnamese had fortified a defense line one and a half kilometers long, consisting of strongpoints linked by trenches. Ditches filled with water had been dug in front of the trenches, and the defenses were crowned with bamboo stakes filed to sharp points. The allied garrison of Tourane had recently been reinforced by eight companies of marine infantry, and Rigault de Genouilly

2352-520: Was split into two in 1962, with the southern half known as Quảng Tín province . The province was also the site of heavy fighting during the Vietnam War , until it was captured in the Hue–Da Nang Campaign . The two provinces were merged again after unification in 1976. In 1997 its former capital city of Da Nang was separated into its own administrative entity. Quảng Nam comprises flat land along

2401-528: Was terrible. France and Britain had just dispatched a joint military expedition to the Qing Empire as part of the Second Opium War , and the French had troops to hand with which to intervene in Vietnam. In November 1857, the French emperor Napoleon III authorized Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly to launch a punitive expedition to teach the Vietnamese a long overdue lesson. In the following September,

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