Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (25 March 1844 – 10 October 1930) was a German botanist . He is notable for his work on plant taxonomy and phytogeography , such as Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien ( The Natural Plant Families ), edited with Karl A. E. von Prantl .
18-604: Quiinaceae Engl. is a neotropical family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales , consisting of about 50 species in 4 genera ( Froesia , Lacunaria , Quiina , Touroulia ). The APG III system of flowering plant classification does not recognize such a family, instead including these genera in the Ochnaceae family. This Malpighiales article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Adolf Engler Even now, his system of plant classification,
36-593: A professorship at the University of Kiel , where he stayed until 1884, teaching systematic botany. Also in 1878, Engler was elected into Leopoldina , German Academy of Natural History. He went back to Breslau in 1884, as director of the Botanical Garden, succeeding Goeppert , and appointed professor of botany at the University of Breslau. From 1889 to 1921, Engler was a professor at University of Berlin , and director of
54-411: A wood-engraver. Pohl's skill drew Engler's attention, starting a collaboration of some 40 years. Pohl produced more than 33 000 drawings in 6 000 plates for Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien . He also illustrated Das Pflanzenreich (1900–1953), Die Pflanzenwelt Afrikas (1908–1910), Monographien afrikanischer Pflanzenfamilien (1898–1904) and the journals Engler's botanische Jahrbücher . Adolf Engler
72-885: Is commemorated in the specific epithet adolphi . Biogeographic Regions A biogeographic realm is the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms. They are subdivided into bioregions , which are further subdivided into ecoregions . A biogeographic realm is also known as "ecozone", although that term may also refer to ecoregions. The realms delineate large areas of Earth's surface within which organisms have evolved in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated by geographic features, such as oceans , broad deserts , or high mountain ranges , that constitute natural barriers to migration. As such, biogeographic realm designations are used to indicate general groupings of organisms based on their shared biogeography. Biogeographic realms correspond to
90-541: The Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden , Germany, is also named after him. Many genera (in various 'plant' groups) are named in his honour, such as Englerarum , Englerastrum (now a synonym of Coleus ), Englerella (now a synonym of Pouteria Aubl.), Engleria , Englerina , Englerocharis , Englerodaphne , Englerodendron and Englerophytum . He is also honoured with Engleromyces , and Englerodothis (2 genera of fungi ). Engler
108-548: The Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden , transforming it into one of the greatest botanical gardens of the world. He visited several regions of the world, enlarging the knowledge of floristic distribution, especially of Africa. Besides his important work in general plant taxonomy, he was also an expert in some taxa, such as Saxifraga , Araceae , Burseraceae , and others. Engler edited the exsiccata Araceae exsiccatae et illustratae . Adolf Engler collaborated with several other great botanists, including Alphonse de Candolle on
126-474: The Engler system , is still used by many herbaria and is followed by writers of many manuals and floras . It is still the only system that treats all 'plants' (in the wider sense, algae to flowering plants ) in such depth. Engler published a prodigious number of taxonomic works. He used various artists to illustrate his books, notably Joseph Pohl (1864–1939), an illustrator who had served an apprenticeship as
144-550: The Holarctic realm . Following the nomenclatural conventions set out in the International Code of Area Nomenclature , Morrone defined the next biogeographic kingdoms (or realms) and regions: The applicability of Udvardy scheme to most freshwater taxa is unresolved. The drainage basins of the principal oceans and seas of the world are marked by continental divides. The grey areas are endorheic basins that do not drain to
162-561: The Monographiae Phanerogamarum ( Monographs of Flowering Plants ), and C.F.P. von Martius on the monumental work Flora Brasiliensis ( Flora of Brazil ). He founded the journal Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie ( Botanical Yearbook for Systematics, Plant Phylogeny and Phytogeography , ISSN 0006-8152), published in Leipzig , Germany, which has continued in publication from 1881 to
180-423: The floristic kingdoms of botany or zoogeographic regions of zoology . From 1872, Alfred Russel Wallace developed a system of zoogeographic regions, extending the ornithologist Philip Sclater 's system of six regions. Biogeographic realms are characterized by the evolutionary history of the organisms they contain. They are distinct from biomes , also known as major habitat types, which are divisions of
198-404: The 1960s, it was used originally in the field of biostratigraphy to denote intervals of geological strata with fossil content demonstrating a specific ecology. In Canadian literature, the term was used by Wiken in macro level land classification , with geographic criteria (see Ecozones of Canada ). Later, Schultz would use it with ecological and physiognomical criteria, in a way similar to
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#1732894909151216-743: The Earth's surface based on life form , or the adaptation of animals, fungi, micro-organisms and plants to climatic, soil , and other conditions. Biomes are characterized by similar climax vegetation . Each realm may include a number of different biomes. A tropical moist broadleaf forest in Central America, for example, may be similar to one in New Guinea in its vegetation type and structure, climate, soils, etc., but these forests are inhabited by animals, fungi, micro-organisms and plants with very different evolutionary histories. The distribution of organisms among
234-718: The Engler Medal in his honour in 1986, to be awarded for outstanding contributions to plant taxonomy. Engler was elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1906. He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1920. In 1925, he was elected an International Member of the United States National Academy of Science . The journal Englera (ISSN 0170-4818) published by
252-801: The WWF system, the Australasia realm includes Australia , Tasmania , the islands of Wallacea , New Guinea , the East Melanesian Islands , New Caledonia , and New Zealand . Udvardy's Australian realm includes only Australia and Tasmania; he places Wallacea in the Indomalayan Realm, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and East Melanesia in the Oceanian Realm, and New Zealand in the Antarctic Realm. The Palearctic and Nearctic are sometimes grouped into
270-623: The concept of biome . In the Global 200 /WWF scheme, originally the term "biogeographic realm" in Udvardy sense was used. However, in a scheme of BBC , it was replaced by the term "ecozone". The World Wildlife Fund scheme is broadly similar to Miklos Udvardy 's system, the chief difference being the delineation of the Australasian realm relative to the Antarctic, Oceanic, and Indomalayan realms. In
288-491: The present. In 2010, this publication changed its name to Plant Diversity and Evolution: Phylogeny, Biogeography, Structure and Function , ISSN 1869-6155. He was one of the pioneers in this field of science, highlighting the importance of factors such as geology on biodiversity, and defined biogeographical regions in 1879. He received the Linnean Medal in 1913. The International Association for Plant Taxonomy established
306-406: The world's biogeographic realms has been influenced by the distribution of landmasses , as shaped by plate tectonics over the geological history of the Earth . The "biogeographic realms" of Udvardy were defined based on taxonomic composition. The rank corresponds more or less to the floristic kingdoms and zoogeographic regions . The usage of the term "ecozone" is more variable. Beginning in
324-658: Was born on March 25, 1844, in Sagan, Silesia, now Żagań , in western Poland as Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler, and died in Berlin , Germany , on October 10, 1930. He studied and obtained a PhD from the University of Breslau (now Wrocław , Poland) in 1866. After some years of teaching, he became, in 1871, custodian of botanical collections of the Botanische Institute der Ludwig Maximilian University München (Botanical Institute of Munich), remaining there until 1878, when he accepted
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