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69-549: The Quehanna Trail was built in 1976-77 by workers who were members of a federal jobs program for welfare recipients, in addition to workers from the Youth and Adult Conservation Corps and the Pennsylvania Conservation Corps. Its length has been significantly altered several times in the years since. In 1985, the western portion of the loop near Saunders Run was severely damaged by an outbreak of tornadoes , necessitating

138-551: A "lid" on the brew beneath. Then, at 2:50 p.m., the "lid" moved, and huge cumulonimbus clouds, anvil-topped thunderheads, appeared seemingly out of nowhere all along the Ohio-Pennsylvania border. The storms quickly grew into powerful tornadic supercells. This extremely violent tornado began in eastern Ohio and tore directly through the towns of Niles, Ohio , and Wheatland, Pennsylvania , producing F5 damage at both locations. The tornado killed 18 people and injured 310, and

207-596: A 17-kilometre (11 mi) path, but another tornado quickly formed just north of Corbetton , in northern Dufferin County , at about 4:15pm. It stayed over rural areas for most of its 40-kilometre (25 mi) path, however a few homes (especially in the Terra Nova and Mansfield area) sustained F3 damage. It has been disputed whether this path was of two separate tornadoes or just one. Shortly after this tornado dissipated, there were hints of another brief touchdown near Angus in

276-614: A consolidated application process through the web. YCC is a partnership between the US Department of Interior and US Department of Agriculture established by Public Law 93-408 . Since its inception, the YCC has worked with many conservation agencies throughout the country to provide educational and team building skills to young people through participation in work projects. 1985 United States%E2%80%93Canada tornado outbreak The 1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak , referred to as

345-404: A few years later. The unstable topography creates an unusual landscape of mini-canyons dug into the loose soil by Mosquito Creek and its incoming tributaries. The trail reaches the site of several failed footbridges over Mosquito Creek at 24.4 miles. The bridges failed due to the unstable soil below their support piers; the most recent failed in 2011 and has not yet been replaced as of 2023, creating

414-602: A hollow that was severely damaged by tornadoes in 1985 but has since recovered. The trail then returns to the trailhead at Parker Dam State Park , ending the loop after 73.2 miles. 41°11′33″N 78°30′14″W  /  41.1925593°N 78.5039106°W  / 41.1925593; -78.5039106 Youth Conservation Corps The Youth Conservation Corps (YCC) is a paid summer youth work program in federally managed lands. The National Park Service , US Forest Service , US Fish and Wildlife Service and Bureau of Land Management employ teens each summer to participate in

483-602: A new tornado a couple kilometres north of Arthur by 4:15 pm. Many power lines and hydro towers were destroyed early in its lifetime (including those used to deliver electricity from the Bruce Nuclear Generating Station to northern and western parts of the Greater Toronto Area). The tornado quickly widened, intensified and reached violent proportions by the time it reached the small crossroads community of Grand Valley just before 4:30pm. At that point

552-507: A potentially hazardous wet crossing of the creek. The Quehanna Trail passes the site of the former Corporation Dam at 24.6 miles and then climbs strenuously back out of the canyon. The paved Quehanna Highway is crossed at 30.3 miles, near the small industrial complex known as Piper . Now trending to the northeast then north, a junction with the Old Sinnemahoning Trail is reached at 39.9 miles; that trail leads northeast 4.3 miles to

621-647: A result of the massive damage sustained to the industrial complex in Barrie. Of the 605 homes in the path of these tornadoes, approximately one-third were rendered uninhabitable. One of the more sobering instances was that of a blind Orangeville-area man whose home suffered a similar fate, following a painstaking 20 years of construction (LeGrand, 1990). Nevertheless, in the hours following the event, soldiers from "B" and "F" Companies, The Grey and Simcoe Foresters and from Canadian Forces Base in Borden assembled in Barrie to assist in

690-458: A strong area of low pressure was centered near Duluth, Minnesota. A cold front extended south from the low across the western Great Lakes and then through Illinois and Missouri. The low tracked across the northern Great Lakes during the afternoon, while the cold front progressed eastward across Indiana and western Ohio. By late afternoon, temperatures had reached 87 degrees at Cleveland, 82 degrees at Youngstown, and 85 degrees at Erie, Pennsylvania. At

759-561: A temporary relocation of the hiking route onto nearby dirt roads until 2001. In 2016, another significant relocation became necessary at Medix Run due to a failed footbridge. Several relocations involving another failed footbridge and unstable topography have been necessary at the Corporation Dam site on Mosquito Creek . The route of the Quehanna Trail has traditionally been described in the counter-clockwise direction. The main trailhead

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828-480: A waterspout for a brief time before weakening out completely. It came very close to the opposite shore, but no damage was reported there. Large quantities of debris from the city were later found floating in the bay, however. Despite the tornado's relatively short path length (under 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)), eight people died in Barrie with 155 injured, and as many as 300 homes were damaged or destroyed. The storm which had initially developed east of Clinton produced

897-422: A woman was killed in her home (Bruineman, 2010). The tornado continued moving to the east-northeast, crossing Highway 400 into York region. It just missed the cities of Newmarket and Bradford before lifting west of Mount Albert at 5:25pm, with a path length in excess of 100 kilometres (62 mi), thus becoming a Canadian record that still stands today. When the earliest tornado track maps were published within

966-406: Is at Parker Dam State Park in northern Clearfield County . The trailhead features an informational display on the history of logging in the region. The trail heads east, first through the grounds of the state park. At 1.4 miles there is a junction with a trail that leads south about six miles to Simon B. Elliott State Park . At 3.5 miles, reach a junction with the 1.7 mile-long Cutoff Trail, one of

1035-586: The 1998 Ice Storm as one of the most costly weather disasters to strike Ontario. Climatologists have estimated that the probability of a severe weather outbreak as widespread and catastrophic as this one, occurring this far north and east in North America once again is one in 75,000 (Grazulis, 2001). On the evening of May 31, 1985, an F1 tornado touched down far to the east of the other twisters from that day at around 8:10 p.m., near Grippen Lake, about 35 kilometres northeast of Kingston, Ontario . This makes it

1104-665: The Barrie tornado outbreak in Canada, was a major tornado outbreak that occurred in Ohio , Pennsylvania , New York , and Ontario , on May 31, 1985. In all 44 tornadoes were counted including 14 in Ontario , Canada. It is the largest and most intense tornado outbreak ever to hit this region, and the worst tornado outbreak in Pennsylvania history in terms of deaths and destruction. The upper air pattern

1173-486: The Highway 7 corridor between Lindsay to Madoc (Joe and Leduc, 1993) near the towns of Wagner Lake (F1 at 5:40pm), Reaboro (F1 at 6:05pm), Ida (F2 at 6:20pm), Rice Lake (F3 at 6:25pm), and Minto (F1 at 6:35pm). Most of these tornadoes had conversely shorter paths than the earlier tornadoes, likely as a result of the parent thunderstorms beginning to weaken. In addition, they did not receive as much media attention as

1242-522: The Pittsburgh metropolitan area . Rated F3, the tornado tracked for 39 miles through northern Beaver County and southern Butler County in southwestern Pennsylvania, approximately 20 miles north of Pittsburgh, narrowly missing the northernmost suburbs of the city. In Big Beaver , two people were killed when the Big Beaver Plaza was destroyed, along with more than 100 vehicles in the parking lot. Across

1311-616: The Xenia F5 during the 1974 Super Outbreak . The outbreak took the lives of 90 people in the United States and Canada, the highest number of fatalities for an outbreak since the 1974 Super Outbreak and a mark that stood until the 2011 Super Outbreak . Described as "one of the most impressive tornadic events of the 20th century" by meteorologist and researcher Thomas Grazulis , a massive, high-end F4 tornado tracked for 69 miles (111 kilometers) through dense forest in central Pennsylvania. Near

1380-521: The 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) level. At this point the damage path was about 600 metres (2,000 ft) wide, moving steadily towards the east-northeast. It then entered the southern part of Barrie shortly before 5:00 pm. Visibility was very low as the tornado was cloaked in heavy rain and dust. Extensive F3 and localized F4 damage occurred to an entire square block of homes in the Crawford Street and Patterson Road subdivision. Five people were killed in

1449-527: The Barrie Racetrack to the south. The grandstand was heavily damaged and several barns nearby were destroyed. A man was killed after he was sucked out of his parked car in an adjacent lot (Bruineman, 2010). Several vehicles traveling on Highway 400 were tossed into the ditch, their drivers escaping with only minor injuries. Highway guard rails were found wrapped around telephone poles nearby. Many cars were also found with puncture holes in their frames, owing to

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1518-525: The Beaver River from the shopping plaza, 16 antique vehicles were destroyed in a garage on River Road. Despite being rebuilt in 1987, business never recovered at the shopping plaza, which sits vacant today. In North Sewickley Township , the tornado struck the junction of PA 65 and PA 588 , destroying the Spotlight 88 Drive-In Theater, a gas station, three homes and two other businesses. The drive-in theater

1587-551: The Blackdown Park training area of Canadian Forces Base Borden (north of Alliston ). The next tornado was the last of this storm, but was the most infamous one. It formed in southern Simcoe County ( Essa Township ), less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Highway 400 and the Barrie city limits. At approximately 4:00pm, all electrical power in Barrie went out, as the Grand Valley/Tottenham tornado took out

1656-462: The Niles area were destroyed, including several homes with anchor bolts that were swept away with the debris scattered downwind. The Niles Park Plaza shopping center was completely leveled and partially swept away at F5 intensity, with several of the fatalities occurring at that location. Steel girders were buckled at the shopping center, and a nearby retirement home and a skating rink were leveled as well. As

1725-406: The Pennsylvania state line, and tracked for 56 miles through northwestern Pennsylvania. Rated F4, the tornado struck Jamestown in northwestern Mercer County , Atlantic and Cochranton in southern Crawford County , and Cooperstown in northern Venango County , narrowly missing Oil City to the north before dissipating south of Tionesta in western Forest County . One deadly tornado impacted

1794-412: The YCC. Youth Conservation Corps members work in public lands restoring, rehabilitating, and repairing the natural, cultural, and historical resources protected as federally preserved places. Some examples of work completed each season by Youth Conservation Corps are: Participants are paid the established federal minimum wage. Participants in states with a minimum wage higher than the federal are paid at

1863-479: The YCC. The YCC has introduced young Americans to conservation opportunities in public lands since the program was created in 1970. In the late seventies and early eighties the program included a grant-in-aid component that funded state and local YCC projects nationwide. This element fell to 1982 budget cuts, but several states continued the effort with their own funds. Some employees currently working in land management agencies were introduced to their profession through

1932-683: The area as some homes there were not well-built, and thus collapsed after being pushed off their foundations. Most of the fatalities occurred in homes with no basements, where head and chest trauma resulted from an increased exposure to flying debris. Next, the tornado hit an industrial complex (known then as Molson Park ). One person died at a tire retreading facility while at least fifteen other businesses were damaged or destroyed (Bruineman, 2010). Steel I-beams were twisted out of shape, and splinters of wood were found embedded into nearby concrete walls. The tornado then proceeded to cross Highway 400 at Essa Road (former Highway 27 ) interchange , just missing

2001-1157: The area reported pieces of sheet metal and shreds of pink insulation falling from the sky shortly before the tornado arrived. Near the end of its path, the tornado killed a babysitter and a young girl near Saxonburg , before dissipating near Sarver . In all, this tornado killed nine people, injured 120, and caused more than $ 10,000,000 of damage in Beaver County. Three tornadoes were reported in New York : two in Chautauqua County , and one in St. Lawrence County . The first tornado, rated F4, crossed into New York from Erie County, Pennsylvania , and tracked for 28 miles (16 in Pennsylvania, 12 in New York), striking Clymer and Harmony in southwestern Chautauqua County before dissipating. The second tornado, rated F3, touched down in southeastern Chautauqua County and tracked for 13 miles, striking Kiantone , Carroll and Poland , and narrowly missing Jamestown to

2070-659: The aspects they focus on: Recruitment for the YCC within the National Park Service is done at individual sites participating in the program. The National Park Service webpage: provides information about how to enroll in the Youth Conservation Corps. Applications may be found on the NPS webpage and must be sent to parks of interest by April 15. Enrollees are selected without regard to civil service or classification laws, rules or regulation. The Forest Service operates

2139-463: The beginning of its path, a few homes were heavily damaged and some outbuildings were destroyed, but otherwise, the tornado passed entirely through uninhabited areas in the Moshannon and Sproul State Forests. Surveyors estimated the damage path to be at least two and a half miles wide, with more than 90,000 trees obliterated. The tornado also generated tremors that set off local seismometers, and even

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2208-565: The bush to the east of Highway 400 in Barrie. In the end, the price tag from the severe weather in Ontario alone reached an estimated $ 200 million (in unadjusted Canadian dollars, 1985). Correlating to nearly $ 390 million in Canadian dollars by today's standard, it was a very expensive disaster indeed (LeGrand, 1990). This tornado outbreak ranks among the Southern Ontario tornado outbreak of 2005 and

2277-613: The canvassing of the worst affected areas of the city. Coincidentally, the latter had barely escaped a tornado itself that day, it having momentarily touched down in the Blackdown Park Training Area before lifting again and passing over hundreds of married quarters. In addition, the Grand Valley library (levelled by an F4 tornado) donated books, and wooden pallets were donated by a local trucking company in Barrie so survivors could salvage their possessions. Most of Grand Valley

2346-470: The center of Coalburg , though many additional homes were still leveled in those areas. As the tornado crossed the state line and reached Wheatland, Pennsylvania , it was a half-mile (0.8 km) wide and had regained F5 strength. A steel-frame trucking plant in Wheatland was obliterated and partially swept away at F5 intensity, as the building's steel girder frame was mangled into a pile and pushed off of

2415-463: The day before on May 30, associated with this same cold front (Grazulis, 1990). The day started off on an active note with the warm front moving northwards. A possible tornado was reported near Leamington , accompanied by golfball-size hail from widespread severe thunderstorm activity in southwestern Ontario. Following the warm frontal passage, skies cleared rapidly and temperatures quickly began to rise. The cold front began crossing Lake Huron towards

2484-400: The early evening hours where the strongest and deadliest tornadoes formed across western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio . The first of two F4 tornadoes to affect Erie County touched down just west of the Pennsylvania state line around 5 p.m. The tornado moved across the northwestern tip of Crawford County and then entered Erie County near Pennside. After causing considerable damage there,

2553-458: The east of Clinton and another farther to the north, in the Walkerton area. These two developing supercells would grow into a pair of devastating storms within the next hour—likely the most prolific tornado producers in Canadian history to date. The second tornado of the day touched down south of Hopeville around 3:45pm, causing some localized F3 damage along its track. This tornado lifted after

2622-589: The east. The third tornado, rated F1, touched down in northern St. Lawrence County, and was produced by a supercell that crossed into the North Country from Ontario . This tornado tracked for five miles, passing north of Norfolk . In all, 65 people were killed in Pennsylvania, which remains the highest death toll in a tornado outbreak in Pennsylvania history. Most of the tornadic activity at this point moved into southern Ontario producing more tornadoes (some of which were significant). These tornadoes formed around

2691-548: The flying debris. As the tornado crossed the highway, it moved into the Allandale subdivision. Many homes sustained severe damage there, with much of their upper floors missing. By this time the tornado's path had narrowed to about 300 metres (980 ft). The track moved from Debra Crescent to Joanne Court with more extensive damage. Near Tower Crescent, the path narrowed to a comparatively small 50 metres (160 ft). On Briar Road, homes sustained only minor damage, indicating that

2760-500: The foundation. At nearby Wheatland Sheet and Tube, sections of pavement were scoured from the parking lot, and shards of sheet metal and routing slips were left wedged beneath the remaining asphalt. Ninety-five percent of Wheatland's business and residential area were destroyed. According to Storm Data from the National Weather Service, the destruction of the town "resembled that of a bombed-out battle field." Continuing east,

2829-551: The ground for 28 miles (45 km), but resulted in no fatalities. The most famous tornado of this outbreak touched down in Portage County, Ohio , near the Ravenna National Guard Armory at about 6:30 p.m. and cut a 47-mile (76 km) path through Newton Falls , Niles , and Hubbard, Ohio , before entering Pennsylvania. This was the only F5 in the United States in 1985, and the deadliest Ohio tornado since

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2898-599: The ground for approximately fifteen minutes, this tornado tracked a 33-kilometre (21 mi) path of sporadic F3 damage (mainly to outbuildings) from Alma east-northeast towards the Hillsburgh area. Its path was almost parallel to the Grand Valley/Tottenham tornado only a couple of hours earlier. At about the same time the Lion's Head tornado dissipated, two very severe thunderstorms had developed (that likely owed their inception, at least partially, to lake breeze convergence): one to

2967-569: The higher rate. Youth Conservation Corps programs are conducted for 4–10 weeks during the summer. Participants must be between 15–18 years old at the start of the program, though the age limits can vary locally. Most YCC programs are non-residential; however the National Park Service does have one residential program at Yellowstone National Park . Select Forest Service units offer residential programs as well. The Youth Conservation Corps focuses on conservation and community. These are some of

3036-484: The local library, three churches, and many other homes were severely damaged or destroyed. Approximately sixty structures in total sustained damage. The most severe was on the north side of the street, where some homes exhibited classic F4 damage. The library roof was found some 200 metres away on a nearby house (Bruineman, 2010). Continuing eastward through more open country, it brushed the northern outskirts of Orangeville about fifteen minutes later (Grazulis, 2001) where

3105-402: The main hydro transformers , southwest of the city (LeGrand, 1990). Few residents were aware of the tornado, but many people were let off work 30–45 minutes before the storm hit due to these power outages. Had this not happened, the death toll would have been higher. The intensifying tornado first obliterated a pine tree forest plantation . Some 10-metre (33 ft) high trees were snapped at

3174-510: The next year, they showed this particular tornado to have tracked almost twice as far towards the Peterborough area before dissipating. In more recent years this theory has proved to be incorrect; it is likely that this supercell was also a cyclic one. Following the event, ninety people were dead and 281 were injured, as close to a thousand businesses and homes were wiped out (Grazulis, 2001). Still, hundreds more were left out of work largely as

3243-531: The noon hour, and with it several thunderstorms developed shortly after 1:30pm EDT, with the northernmost cell soon becoming most dominant. Environment Canada issued a severe thunderstorm warning at 2:25pm for Bruce County (complementing the special weather statement issued early that morning). At around 2:50pm, an F2 tornado touched down briefly in the Lion's Head area (north of Wiarton ) before moving out over Georgian Bay and dissipating. At daybreak on May 31, 1985,

3312-411: The previous tornadoes (those earlier storms were grouped collectively by the media as comprising "The Barrie Tornado"), probably a result of the fact that they didn't have the opportunity to cause as much damage. Even so, at the time these more eastern tornadoes were touching down, a final, more isolated supercell developed near Milverton in eastern Perth County which spawned a tornado at 6:15 pm. On

3381-520: The primitive WSR-57 weather radar in State College picked up a distinct reflectivity spike (also known as a "debris ball"), due to the large amount of trees and other vegetation being uprooted and lifted into the air as the tornado passed through the forest north of Interstate 80 . The second-deadliest tornado in Pennsylvania history touched down in Trumbull County, Ohio , just yards away from

3450-424: The same time, conditions in the upper atmosphere continued to become more favorable for an outbreak of severe weather. By early afternoon, thunderstorms developed in Ontario, Canada, just ahead of the cold front. Despite a forecast for severe thunderstorms, though, the sun shone relentlessly for most of that Friday because of a fourth element: a stable air mass at about 2,000 feet above ground level, which served as

3519-501: The second time at 62.2 miles. Starting at the 63.3 mile point, the trail was rerouted in 2016 to avoid the site of several failed footbridges (caused by storms) at Medix Run; to the south, the Quehanna Trail has assumed a former portion of the West Cross Connector Trail. The current junction with that trail is reached at 64.6 miles. The Quehanna Trail turns south onto Saunders Road at 67.8 miles, and at 68.9 miles walks through

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3588-473: The site of an old splash dam at 15.4 miles. The trail enters Quehanna Wild Area at 18.1 miles and remains in this protected district for about the next 34 miles. A junction with the East Cross Connector Trail is reached at 20.3 miles; that trail heads north for 9.4 miles, passes through several high meadows and junctions with short cross-country skiing trails, and returns to the Quehanna Trail at

3657-463: The southern portion of the Mono Shopping Plaza completely collapsed (injuring 67 people, one of them seriously). It then caused extensive damage to approximately fifty buildings (many of which were only recently built) about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the town of Tottenham at around 5:00 pm. Two more people died here, as an elderly man was crushed under an equipment shed on his farm and

3726-502: The supercell thunderstorm (Verkaik, 1997). All of this added up to the distinct possibility of severe rotating storms which would be messy, hard to see, and extremely dangerous. What was needed now was a trigger, and that came in the form of a trailing cold front behind the low. Severe thunderstorms and isolated tornadoes had already raked parts of the Midwest U.S. (particularly in Iowa and Wisconsin)

3795-441: The system's cross-connectors that can be used to form a short loop in and near Parker Dam State Park. The junction with the next such trail, the West Cross Connector Trail, is reached at 5.0 miles; that trail heads north for 6.3 miles, with a significant vista near its northern end, and returns to the Quehanna Trail near Little Medix Run. The Quehanna Trail crosses the historic Caledonia Pike at 14.4 miles, then reaches Gifford Run at

3864-687: The tornado had weakened, but the next road east, Trillium Crescent, sustained heavy damage indicating that it had strengthened once again. Four warehouses near Highway 11 were ripped apart. It then hit the Tollendal Woods and Minets Point area, taking out the Brentwood Marina and a nearby subdivision. A boy was killed in this area while trying to bicycle home (Bruineman, 2010). More than thirty boats, accompanied by their concrete moorings, were tossed into Lake Simcoe and never to be recovered. The tornado then moved out over Kempenfelt Bay where it became

3933-610: The tornado slammed into Albion leveling the town. A ten-block area was completely destroyed, with nine people being killed. The tornado killed three more people in Cranesville before lifting. There were also 82 injuries, and a total of 309 destroyed buildings. The second F4 to affect Erie County touched down between Wattsburg and Corry in eastern Erie County. It clipped the northwestern tip of Warren County , before crossing into New York , where it did some damage in Chautauqua County , before dissipating near Panama . The tornado stayed on

4002-415: The tornado struck an industrial area in Niles, large 30-foot tall metal petroleum storage tanks (each weighing 75,000 pounds) were torn from where they were anchored and thrown, some of which were tossed or bounced considerable distances. One of the tanks was found in the middle of a road, 60 yards from where it originated. The tornado weakened slightly as it tore through the north side of Hubbard and through

4071-607: The tornado weakened slightly but remained violent as it struck Hermitage , damaging or destroying 71 homes along with the town's airport, destroying several hangars and planes. A wing from one of the planes was found 10 miles away in Mercer . Another trucking steel processing plant was heavily damaged in Hermitage as well. The tornado then destroyed 15 homes and damaged 30 others in the Greenfield area before finally dissipating. In Ohio, it

4140-418: The tornado's damage path was approximately 200 metres (660 ft) wide. The tornado caused major damage in the small town, where two people were killed. An elderly woman visiting from Scotland died as the home was destroyed, and a man was killed in his pickup truck on a nearby farm (Bruineman, 2010). The worst damage was found along Amaranth Street (running west to east, parallel to the tornado's path) where

4209-454: The town. While nearly 400 homes were heavily damaged or destroyed, no fatalities were recorded in Newton Falls, due to the storm-readiness of local authorities and its tornado siren. Additional homes were completely destroyed as the tornado struck the north side of Lordstown . Continuing east, the tornado reached F5 intensity as it tore through the north side of Niles . Hundreds of homes in

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4278-443: The unpaved Losey Road. At 22.0 miles the Quehanna Trail passes a historical monument of dubious authenticity called Wild Cat Rock, and then begins a significant plunge into a canyon formed by Mosquito Creek . At 24.3 miles, the trail enters an area of unstable ground that was formed by mud at the bottom of a defunct artificial lake that was in turn formed by a large splash dam that was built in approximately 1870 and dismantled just

4347-493: The village of Wyside, near junctions (via road) with the Donut Hole Trail and Bucktail Path . The Quehanna Trail then descends into another steep canyon and crosses the paved Wykoff Run Road at 41.5 miles. After another significant climb back to the top of the plateau, the trail heads west and skirts the border of Marion Brooks Natural Area (where no trails are allowed) at 52.5 miles. The trail crosses Quehanna Highway for

4416-408: Was completely rebuilt by August 1986, a little over a year later. The textile plant, Albarrie (one of twelve factories completely destroyed by the Barrie tornado) opened its doors once again within the next year. Even so, to this day there are still hints from the past of the tornadoes that day. Some of the wooded areas affected are still a twisted mess, and some random debris still remains scattered in

4485-726: Was conducive for a major severe weather event in the Great Lakes that Friday, May 31. An unseasonably deep low-pressure system at 984 hPa crossed out of the Midwestern U.S. through the day, and then into the Upper Peninsula of Michigan . Very warm air surged in ahead of this system. Temperatures reached the upper twenties in Celsius (approximately 80–85 Fahrenheit) across much of southern Ontario, in addition to high dew point levels. An unstable atmosphere (surface based lifted indices around minus 6)

4554-436: Was never rebuilt, and the site is used as Spotlight 88 Flea Market today. In Butler County, the tornado crossed Interstate 79 , where it blew a southbound van a quarter of a mile off the highway. The family of four inside the van was ejected, but survived. A trailer park near Evans City was destroyed, as was another trailer on Water Station Road, where two people were killed. Near Callery , 40 homes were destroyed. People in

4623-461: Was the byproduct of this. Directional wind shear was also present in the warm sector of the storm, in addition to high helicity values and a vorticity maximum approaching the lower lakes. The situation was worsened by the presence of copious amounts of moisture, which would allow any storms that could form to become severe rather quickly. Also, this was supportive of the HP (high-precipitation) counterpart of

4692-514: Was the deadliest tornado since the Xenia F5 during the Super Outbreak of April 3, 1974. The tornado was also captured on camera by several residents. The outbreak lasted roughly from just before 2 p.m. EDT, when the first tornado touched down in Wiarton , Ontario, until just after 12 a.m. EDT when the last reported tornado struck Tobyhanna, Pennsylvania . The peak of the outbreak took place during

4761-732: Was the most violent and deadly of the 44 recorded that day. Registering F5 on the Fujita scale , it remains the Easternmost recorded F5 in United States history, the only F5 in Pennsylvania history, the last F5 in Ohio to date, and was also the most violent tornado reported in the United States in 1985. It first touched down in Ohio near the Ravenna Arsenal in Portage County around 6:30 PM EDT. Gathering strength, it moved quickly into Newton Falls in Trumbull County causing F3 to F4 damage through much of

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