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86-402: Qabala bears the name of the ancient Gabala, a city which was the capital of the ancient state of Caucasian Albania . The ruins of the old city are located 20 kilometres southwest of the present centre of the district. The remnants of the large buildings, city gates, tower walls and patterns of material culture indicate that Gabala was one of the most prominent cities at that time. Ancient Gabala

172-577: A Picture Gallery, a culture and a recreation Park, H. Aliyev Museum, Historical Ethnography Museum, Martyrs Museum and memorial house-museum of I.B. Gutgashinli which are branches of Historical Ethnography Museum according to Gabala region Culture and Tourism Sector. The main theatre is a branch of the House of Culture and named after C. Mammadguluzada. There are performances such as “Chinar” instrumental ensembles in Region culture house, “Zop-Zopu” dance ensemble acts in

258-550: A brother of the king, named Cosis, who as soon as the fighting was at close quarters, rushed upon Pompey himself and smote him with a javelin on the fold of his breastplate; but Pompey ran him through the body and killed him". Plutarch also reported that "after the battle, Pompey set out to march to the Caspian Sea, but was turned back by a multitude of deadly reptiles when he was only three days march distant, and withdrew into Lesser Armenia". The first kings of Albania were certainly

344-659: A concert dedicated the 70th anniversary of USSR People’s Artist Muslim Magomayev on 24 July 2012. There were other jubilees dedicated to maestro Niyazi (100) and Fikrat Amirov (90). The festival brought together 350 musicians from 10 countries.  The music pieces in the concert were consisted of the works of well-known composers, including Rachmaninoff, Strauss, Brahms, Schumann, Uzeyir Hajibeyli, Tofig Guliyev and Vagif Mustafazade. The State Symphonic Orchestra named after U. Hajibeyli, Azerbaijan State Choir Capella, Music Academy Orchestra (Azerbaijan), Royal Philharmonic Orchestra , and Moscow Soloists Chamber Orchestra performed in

430-483: A few inscriptions, and an Armenian manuscript dating from the 15th century. This manuscript, Matenadaran No. 7117 , first published by Ilia Abuladze in 1937 is a language manual, presenting different alphabets for comparison – Armenian alphabet, Greek , Latin , Syriac , Georgian , Coptic , and Caucasian Albanian among them. The alphabet was titled: "Ałuanicʿ girn ē" ( Armenian : Աղուանից գիրն Է , meaning, "These are Albanian letters"). In 1996, Zaza Aleksidze of

516-581: Is IMPDOMITIANO CAESARE·AVG GERMANIC L·IVLIVS MAXIMVS> LEG XII·FVL. According to Domitian 's titles in it, the related march took place between 84 and 96. The inscription was studied by Russian expert Yevgeni Pakhomov , who assumed that the associated campaign was launched to control the Derbent Gate and that the XII Fulminata has marched out either from Melitene , its permanent base, or Armenia, where it might have moved from before. Pakhomov supposed that

602-551: Is also mentioned by Dionysius Periegetes (2nd or 3rd century AD) who describes Albanians as a nation of warriors, living by the Iberians and the Georgians. In 1899 a silver plate featuring Roman toreutics was excavated near Azerbaijani village of Qalagah . The rock inscription near the south-eastern part of Boyukdash's foot (70 km from Baku ) was discovered on June 2, 1948, by Azerbaijani archaeologist Ishag Jafarzadeh . The legend

688-617: Is another event that takes place in the Gabala district on a regular basis. It was started to be held in 2013 locally and only the 11 regions attended in that year. Since 2014, the audience of the event increased and more than 20 cities and districts of Azerbaijan and foreign countries participated in the festival. In 2015, the festival is attended by seven foreign countries ( Russian Federation , Chuvashia Republic and Sakha Republic of Russian Federation, Serbia , Kyrgyzstan , Iran , Turkey ) together with 30 cities and regions of Azerbaijan. In 2015,

774-710: Is based on agriculture. The agriculture of the region encompasses tobacco-cultivation, silkworm breeding, tea-growing, floriculture, paddy growing, fruit-growing, grain-growing, winegrowing, and sheep breeding. In 2015, over the different branches of the economy the total value of production were in the amount of 203,517 manat, compared to the same period of last year gross output in industry increased by 130 thousand AZN or 0.5%, agriculture 3.244 AZN or 5,6%, construction - 25.222 thousand AZN or 40.4%, transport - 246 thousand AZN or 7.3%, communication - 13 thousand AZN or 1.2%, trade - 457 thousand AZN or 1.97% in Gabala region. Also in 2016, construction and installation works were completed in

860-467: Is mild with no dry season, constantly moist (year-round rainfall). Summers are hot and muggy with thunderstorms. Winters are mild with precipitation from mid-latitude cyclones. Seasonality is moderate. (Köppen-Geiger classification: Cfa). As with other parts of northern Azerbaijan near the Caucasus mountains, rainfall is moderate to heavy throughout the year. The total annual precipitation is 795mm. According to

946-508: Is organised with the support of Heydar Aliyev Foundation at the initiative of the rector of the Baku Academy of Music Farhad Badalbeyli and conductor Dmitri Yablonski. At this festival, musicians perform in the open air. Participants have included musicians from Europe , the US and Israel , as well as musicians from republics of the former USSR . In 2009, a contest of young pianists was held at

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1032-578: Is reported by Strabo upon the account of Theophanes of Mytilene who participated in it. As testified by Kamilla Trever , Pompey reached the Albanian border at modern Qazakh District of Azerbaijan. Igrar Aliyev showed that this region called Cambysene was inhabited mainly by stock-breeders at the time. When fording the Alazan river, he was attacked by forces of Oroezes, King of Albania, and eventually defeated them. According to Plutarch , Albanians "were led by

1118-519: Is said to be part of Albania (Theophanes Mytilenaeus apud Strabo, 11.4.5). In the 2nd century BC parts of Albania were conquered by the Kingdom of Armenia , presumably from Medes (although possibly it was earlier part of Orontid Armenia ). The original population of the territories on the right bank of Kura before the Armenian conquest consisted of various autochthonous people. Ancient chronicles provide

1204-635: The Achaemenid empire , measures may have been taken to fortify the Caucasian passes. By the mid-6th century BC, Albania has been incorporated in the Achaemenid empire ; it was later controlled by the Achaemenid satrapy of Media . The building of fortifications and gates in and around Darband is traditionally ascribed to the Sassanid Empire . The Greek historian Arrian mentions (perhaps anachronistically)

1290-765: The Azerbaijanis of Qabala , Zaqatala , Shaki , and Oguz ; the Armenians of Oghuz and Shaki ; the Georgians of Kakhetia and Hereti ( Ingiloy ); and the Laks , the Lezgins and the Tsakhurs of Daghestan . According to Armenian medieval historians Movses Khorenatsi , Movses Kaghankatvatsi and Koryun , the Caucasian Albanian (the Armenian name for the language is Aghvaneren,

1376-586: The Balkans , which has no geographical or historical connections to Caucasian Albania. Little is known of the region's prehistory, including the origins of Caucasian Albania as a geographical and/or ethnolinguistic concept. In the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD, the area south of the Greater Caucasus and north of the Lesser Caucasus was divided between Caucasian Albania in the east, Caucasian Iberia in

1462-465: The Georgian Centre of Manuscripts discovered at Saint Catherine's Monastery at Mount Sinai , Egypt, a text written on parchment that had been reused in a Georgian palimpsest . In 2001 Aleksidze identified its script as Caucasian Albanian, and the text as an early lectionary dating to perhaps before the 6th century. Many of the letters discovered in it were not in the Albanian alphabet listed in

1548-627: The Georgian Kingdom under David the Builder finalising the process of their Georgianisation . The history of Albania before the 6th century BC is unknown. According to one hypothesis, Caucasian Albania was incorporated in the Median empire , as early as the 7th or 6th century BC. However, an increasing Persian influence on the region is usually believed to be connected with the defence of Persia's northern frontiers, from invading nomads. As early as

1634-484: The Kingdom of Armenia ) and Georgians (in the north), while the eastern parts of Caucasian Albania were Islamized and absorbed by Iranian and subsequently Turkic peoples (modern Azerbaijanis). Small remnants of this group continue to exist independently, and are known as the Udi people . The pre-Islamic population of Caucasian Albania might have played a role in the ethnogenesis of a number of modern ethnicities, including

1720-617: The Kura river and each of them had its own king and language. Sometime before the 1st century BC they federated into one state and were ruled by one king. Strabo wrote of the Caucasian Albanians in the 1st century BC: At the present time, indeed, one king rules all the tribes, but formerly the several tribes were ruled separately by kings of their own according to their several languages. They have twenty-six languages, because they have no easy means of intercourse with one another. Albania

1806-491: The State Statistics Committee , as of 2018, the population of city recorded 105,500 persons, which increased by 21,400 persons (about 25.4 percent) from 84,100 persons in 2000. 53,700 of total population are men, 51,800 are women. More than 27,3 percent of the population (about 28,900 persons) consists of young people and teenagers aged 14–29. Qabala has a professional football team Gabala FC who currently play in

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1892-482: The Udi people . The Caucasian Albanian tribes of Hereti were converted to Eastern Orthodoxy by Dinar , Queen of Hereti in the 10th century. The religious affairs of this small principality were now officially administered by the Georgian Orthodox Church . In 1010, Hereti became absorbed into the neighbouring Georgian kingdom of Kakheti . Eventually, in the early 12th century, these lands became part of

1978-532: The 11th century there already were conciliar mosques in Partaw, Qabala and Shaki; the cities that were the creed of Caucasian Albanian Christianity. These Islamised groups would later be known as Lezgins and Tsakhurs or mix with the Turkic and Iranian population to form present-day Azeris , whereas those that remained Christian were gradually absorbed by Armenians or continued to exist on their own and be known as

2064-457: The 15th-century Armenian manuscript. Muslim geographers Al-Muqaddasi , Ibn-Hawqal and Estakhri recorded that a language which they called Arranian was still spoken in the capital Barda and the rest of Arran in the 10th century. Iranian contact in the region goes back to the Median and Achaemenid times. During this Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania , the Parthian language spread in

2150-469: The 2nd of August. On August 5, the chamber music might was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Azerbaijani composer Gara Garayev. The works of Gara Garayev's “Quartettino” for the string quartet and “Sonata for violin and piano” was performed for the first time in the concert. The final concert of chamber music and the closing ceremony of the festival took place at the Gabala Culture Center with

2236-467: The 2nd-century BC layer, were minted by Clodius and Caesar . The coins of Augustus are ubiquitous. The Qabala treasures revealed the denarii of Otho , Vespasian , Trajan and Hadrian . In 69-68 BC Lucullus , having overcome Armenian ruler Tigranes II , approached the borders of Caucasian Albania and was succeeded by Pompey . After the 66-65 BC wintering Pompey launched the Iberian campaign. It

2322-586: The 5th century AD, the Mihranids . Aghuank ( Old Armenian : Աղուանք Ałuankʿ , Modern Armenian : Աղվանք Aġvank’ ) is the Armenian name for Caucasian Albania. Armenian authors mention that the name derived from the word " ału " («աղու») meaning amiable in Armenian. The term Aghuank is polysemous and is also used in Armenian sources to denote the region between the Kur and Araxes rivers as part of Armenia . In

2408-689: The Bum settlement culture house, and “Changi” (Udi) folklore dance ensemble acts in the Nij settlement culture house. There are 93 historical-cultural immovable monuments in the local area under state protection according to order #132 dated 02.08.2001 by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan. One of them is included in the list of Qabala city world important archaeological monuments according to its importance degree. 8 architectures, 53 archaeological monuments, include

2494-514: The Caucasian Albanians for the first time in the battle of Gaugamela , where the Albanians, Medes, Cadussi and Sacae were under the command of Atropates . Albania first appears in history as a vassal state in the empire of Tigranes the Great of Armenia (95-56 BC). The kingdom of Albania emerged in the eastern Caucasus in 2nd or 1st century BC and along with the Georgians and Armenians formed one of

2580-524: The Caucasian Albanians probably spoke Lezgic languages close to those found in modern Dagestan ; overall, though, as many as 26 different languages may have been spoken in Caucasian Albania. After the Caucasian Albanians were Christianized in the 4th century, part of the population was assimilated by the Armenians (who dominated in the provinces of Artsakh and Utik that were earlier detached from

2666-591: The Caucasus followed different pagan religions. Under Achaemenid , Parthian and especially Sassanid influence, Zoroastrianism also grew in the region. Christianity started to spread in the late 4th century in the Sassanid era. The Arab conquest and the Chalcedonian crisis led to severe disintegration of the Church of Caucasian Albania . Starting from the 8th century, much of the local population converted to Islam . By

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2752-453: The Gabala district is the primary reason for the formation of a thick river network in this region. The length of 486 rivers out of 8359 running in Azerbaijan territory is more than 10 km and 12 of them, and also 2 of 23 having the length more than 100 km flowing from South slope of Greater Caucasus are located in Gabala. Gara, Tikanli, Bum Hamzali, Damiraparan and Vandam are considered

2838-524: The Great Caucasus within Azerbaijan is also located in this region (in the northern borders of Gabala). Bazarduzu (4466 m), Tufandagh (4206 m), Bazaryurd (4126 m) and Shahdagh (4243 m) are the highest peaks located here. It is estimated that two major mountain glaciers of 6 km existing in Azerbaijan exist merely on the above peaks (excluding 0.15 km 2 glaciers on Gapichig peak (Nakhchivan). The mountainous relief forms and high humidity of climate in

2924-525: The Holdridge life zones system of bioclimatic classification Qabala is situated in or near the warm temperate thorn steppe biome. The mean annual temperature is 10.9 degrees Celsius (51.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Average monthly temperatures vary by 22.8 °C (41 °F). This indicates a continental type of climate. Ethnic groups in Qabala (2019) The rayon has a population of 93,770 people, 13,175 of which live in

3010-523: The International Jam Festival including “best presentation”, “best jam”, “variety of jam types”, “the most unusual jam”, "the greatest number of species jam", etc. The 5th V International Jam Festival was attended by teams from 25 foreign countries along with companies engaged in the industrial manufacture of jams from over 35 regions of Azerbaijan. The natural climatic conditions, numerous historical monuments, sightseeing places and artefacts in

3096-749: The VII Gabala International Music Festival started with the performances of “Orchestra Filarmonica Italiana” on July 25. In the closing concert, Moscow Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra played F. Amirov’s “Nizami” symphony, A. Piazzola’s “4 seasons in Buenos Aires” and other pieces of classical music conducted by Dmitry Yablonsky (conductor). The 8th Gabala International Music Festival was organized between July 30 and August 5, 2016. Musicians, art collectives, soloists, conductors from Azerbaijan, Austria, Bulgaria, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, USA, Italy, France, Spain, Israel, Lithuania and Cuba attended in

3182-477: The alphabet: Then there came and visited them an elderly man, an Albanian named Benjamin. And he (Mashtots) inquired and examined the barbaric diction of the Albanian language, and then through his usual God-given keenness of mind invented an alphabet, which he, through the grace of Christ, successfully organized and put in order. A Caucasian Albanian alphabet of fifty-two letters, bearing resemblance to Georgian, Ethiopian and Armenian characters, survived through

3268-423: The ancient capital of Caucasian Albania creates great tourism opportunities which have caused the rapid increase in the number of tourism-recreational complexes in the private sector. Today, more than 100 large and small tourism objects are operating in Gabala. Currently, the number of tourism objects in Gabala has increased to 18 which is 5 times more compared to the past. Qabala has a humid subtropical climate that

3354-536: The area are Aghwank and Aluank , among the Udi people , who regard themselves as descended from the inhabitants of Caucasian Albania. However, its original endonym is unknown. The name Albania is derived from the Ancient Greek name Ἀλβανία and Latin Albanía , created from Greek sources that incorrectly translated the Armenian language. The prefix "Caucasian" is used to avoid confusion with Albania in

3440-654: The center, Kolchis in the west, Armenia in the southwest and Atropatene to the southeast. In 252, Caucasian Albania acknowledged the suzerainty of the Sasanian Empire , appearing among its provinces in Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht . The kingdom would remain an integral part of the empire until its fall. By the end of the 3rd-century, the kings of Caucasian Albania were replaced with an Arsacid family , and would later be succeeded by another Iranian royal family in

3526-549: The concert. Within the 5th Gabala International Music Festival a chamber music evening was organized to the memory of Sergey Rahmaninov. The closing ceremony performances were held by New Russia State Symphony Orchestra conducted by Dmitry Yablonsky . The 6th Gabala International Music Festival took place between July 23 and August 1, 2014. Along with traditional musician and orchestras, the Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra , Vienna Chamber Music Ensemble and

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3612-451: The conquest of the territories on the right bank of Kura by Armenians in the 2nd century BC. The original territory of Albania was approximately 23,000 km . After 387 AD the territory of Caucasian Albania, sometimes referred to by scholars as "Greater Albania," grew to about 45,000 km . In the 5th century the capital was transferred to Partav in Utik', reported to have been built in

3698-748: The festival is sponsored by the World Association of Culinary Organizations and the International Organization of Folk Arts. In 2016, participants from Turkey, Iran, Russia, Northern Cyprus, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, China, as well as participants from 30 cities and regions of Azerbaijan attended the festival and demonstrated jams prepared from various fruits, vegetables and even flowers such as cherry, blackberry, strawberry, quince walnut, apricot, rose, plum, violets, mint, rose hips, corn, wild green plum, cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, yellow raspberries, aubergines, and melons. There are several competitions at

3784-672: The festival, come from Europe, the US and Israel, as well as republics of the former Soviet Union. Jazz and mugham evenings and piano competition were held within the festival. Farhad Badalbeyli and Dmitry Yablonsky are the artistic directors of the event. Until now, Tbilisi City Hall Jazz Orchestra "BIG-BAND of Georgia, Jóvenes Clásicos Del Son of Cuba, Baku Chamber Orchestra of Azerbaijan, Budapest Gypsy Band of Hungary, and Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra of Israel have participated in this festival. Mugham, as well as classic, chamber, jazz, flamenco, and vocal music are usually performed. International Jam Festival

3870-504: The festival. The 5th Gabala International Music Festival was held from July 24 to August 6, 2013. Musicians from 11 countries Jerusalem Symphony Orhchestra, New Russia State Symphony Orchestra , the Azerbaijan State Symphonic Orchestra, “Septeto Santiaguero” jazz band, Oksana Yablonskaya soloists Idil Biret, Vadim Repin, Sergey Leyferkus, Farhad Badalbeyli, Dmitri Yablonski and others made a personal contribution to

3956-614: The festival. The 10th Gabala International Music Festival took place between July 30 and August 7, 2018. Chamber concert was held on July 30, in the framework of the project "Youth Support", but July 31 was selected officially as the opening ceremony date. During the festival, Gabala welcomed several orchestras such as Tbilisi City Hall Jazz Orchestra "BIG-BAND (Georgia), Jóvenes Clásicos Del Son (Cuba), Baku Chamber Orchestra (Azerbaijan), Budapest Gypsy Band (Hungary), and Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra (Israel). The festival had several parts. Mugham and multipiano music nights were organized on

4042-423: The festival. The Azerbaijan State Symphonic Orchestra named after Uzeyir Hajibeyli, Orchestr Wiener Akademie, Spain’s Suite Española, mugam and folkloric trio from Greece ensemble, Cuban Ensemble “ Jóvenes Clásicos del Son ”, Kiev Virtuosi and Israeli composer, conductor and pianist Gil Shohat and others’ performances constituted a great proportion of concert programme. The 9th Gabala International Music Festival

4128-490: The festival. In 2011, the festival lasted from July 15 to August 5. Gabala International Music Festival is organized for the first time in 2009, in the city of Gabala . Performances were held by famous musicians from 16 countries such as USA , France , Israel , Mexico , Cuba , Poland , Russia , Italy , Spain and so forth. In 2010, the festival was held in August and the general director of UNESCO Irina Bokova attended in

4214-568: The junction of the Kura and Aras rivers, Mil plain and parts of the Mughan plain , and in the pre-Islamic times, corresponded roughly to the territory of the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan . The districts of Albania were: The kingdom's capital in antiquity was Qabala (Gabala; Kapalak). Classical sources are unanimous in making the Kura River (Cyros) the frontier between Armenia and Albania after

4300-531: The language of the educated". With the establishment of the Sassanids, Middle Persian , a closely related language to Parthian, became an official language of the Sassanid Empire . At this time, Persian enjoyed even more success than the Caucasian Albanian language and the region was greatly affected by Iran. According to Vladimir Minorsky : "The presence of Iranian settlers in Transcaucasia, and especially in

4386-574: The latter case it is sometimes used in the form "Armenian Aghuank" or "Hay-Aghuank". The Armenian historian of the region, Movses Kaghankatvatsi , who left the only more or less complete historical account about the region, explains the name Aghvank as a derivation from the word ału (Armenian for sweet, soft, tender), which, he said, was the nickname of Caucasian Albania's first governor Arran and referred to his lenient personality. Movses Kaghankatvatsi and other ancient sources explain Arran or Arhan as

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4472-700: The legion proceeded to the spot continually along the Aras River . The later version, published in 1956, states that the legion was stationing in Cappadocia by that time whereas the centurion might have been in Albania with some diplomatic mission because for the talks with the Eastern rulers the Roman commanders were usually sending centurions. In 1953 twelve denarii of Augustus were unearthed. In 1958 one denarius, coined in c. 82 AD,

4558-591: The list of country important monuments, 9 architecture monuments, 16 archaeological monuments, 2 monumental and memory monuments, 4 decorative applied art monuments is included in the list of historical-cultural monuments having local importance. There are 122 cultural institutions in the structure of the Qabala region Culture and Tourism Sector; among them are the Historical Ethnography Museum, H. Aliyev Museum, Picture Gallery, Art school, Centralized Library system, Historical-Cultural Preserve. According to

4644-413: The long period of Persian and Median rule, most of the natives were not even Indo-Europeans". He also states that the several peoples of the right bank of Kura "were highly Armenicized and that many were actually Armenians per se cannot be doubted". Many of those people were still being cited as distinct ethnic entities when the right bank of Kura was acquired by the Caucasian Albanians in 387 AD. There

4730-480: The main rivers running in Gabala which are the branches of the Turyanchay and Goychay rivers. The water supply of these rivers consists of subsoil water (40-50%), rainwater (25-30%), and snow water (20-30%) depending on seasons. The most of lakes in the territory of the Gabala region formed by glaciers and located usually in mountainous areas. Tufanghol (3 277 m height from the sea level), Kulak ghol (3 380 m height from

4816-504: The mid-5th century by the King Vache II of Albania, but according to M. L. Chaumont, it existed earlier as an Armenian city. In a medieval chronicle " Ajayib-ad-Dunia ", written in the 13th century by an unknown author, Arran is said to have been 30 farsakhs (200 km) in width, and 40 farsakhs (270 km) in length. All the right bank of the Kura River until it joined with the Aras

4902-574: The name of the legendary founder of Caucasian Albania (Aghvan) or even of the Iranian tribe known as Alans (Alani), who in some versions was a son of Noah 's son Yafet . James Darmesteter , translator of the Avesta , compared Arran with Airyana Vaego which he also considered to have been in the Araxes - Ararat region, although modern theories tend to place this in the east of Iran. The Parthian name for

4988-403: The names of several peoples that populated these districts, including the regions of Artsakh and Utik . These were Utians , Mycians, Caspians , Gargarians, Sakasenians, Gelians, Sodians, Lupenians , Balas[ak]anians, Parsians and Parrasians. According to Robert H. Hewsen , these tribes were "certainly not of Armenian origin", and "although certain Iranian peoples must have settled here during

5074-433: The native name of the language is unknown) alphabet was created by Mesrob Mashtots , the Armenian monk , theologian and translator who is also credited with creating the Armenian alphabet . This alphabet was used to write down the Udi language , which was probably the main language of the Caucasian Albanians. Koryun , a pupil of Mesrob Mashtots, in his book The Life of Mashtots , wrote about how his tutor created

5160-468: The north part of the Caucasus spreading to the central part of Alazan-Haftaran (Ganikh-Ayrichay) valley, the south part spreads from frontal highlands of Ajinohur to Gabala high plateau and the south border of this high plateau substitutes orographic units of Surkhaykhan (Akhar-Bakhar) chain of mountains up to watershed. Saral, Choban baba, Muchug, Tufan and Aghbulag mountain ranges all together form branches of

5246-551: The north, by the Caspian Sea to the east, and by the provinces of Artsakh and Utik in Armenia to the west along the Kura river. These boundaries, though, were probably never static—at times the territory of Caucasian Albania included land to the west of the Kura river. Albania or Arran in Islamic times was a triangle of land, lowland in the east and mountainous in the west, formed by

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5332-561: The opening ceremony of the festival. The festival started with the overture from Uzeyir Hajibeyov's "Koroglu" opera that was performed by Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and conducted by professor at the Juilliard School of Music in New York City Oksana Yablonskaya and Azerbaijani conductor Rauf Abdullayev. In 2011, the festival got started on July 15 and finished on August 5. There was the contest of young pianists which

5418-411: The performances Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra. Gabala International Music Festivals of (2009-2018) featured international contest of young pianists, concerts of mugham, as well as classic, chamber, jazz, flamenco, vocal music, etc. Every year starting from 2009, musicians from different countries, world-known symphonic and philharmonic orchestras performs in the festival. Since 2009, Farhad Badalbeyli

5504-416: The proximity of the passes, must have played an important role in absorbing and pushing back the aboriginal inhabitants. Such names as Sharvan, Layzan, Baylaqan, etc., suggest that the Iranian immigration proceeded chiefly from Gilan and other regions on the southern coast of the Caspian". The presence of the Persian language and Iranian culture continued during the Islamic era. The original population of

5590-414: The region was Ardhan ( Middle Persian : Arran ). The Arabic was ar-Rān . In Georgian , it was known as რანი ( Rani ). In Ancient Greek , it was called Ἀλβανία Albanía . What its inhabitants were called is unknown. In pre-Islamic times, Caucasian Albania/Arran was a wider concept than that of post-Islamic Arran. Ancient Arran covered all of eastern Transcaucasia, which included most of

5676-408: The region. It is possible that the language and literature for administration and record-keeping of the imperial chancellery for external affairs naturally became Parthian, based on the Aramaic alphabet . According to Toumanoff: "the predominance of Hellenism , as under the Artaxiads, was now followed by a predominance of "Iranianism", and, symptomatically, instead of Greek, as before, Parthian became

5762-405: The regional town centre Qabala and 80,595 reside in the villages. The density is estimated at 60.49 people per square kilometer. An average living age is 70 years. 73,235 residents of Qabala rayon are Azerbaijanis , 16 020 are Lezgins , 4,640 are Udi , 209 are Turks and 37 are of other nationalities. There are 16 culture houses, 31 clubs, a History culture preserve, 69 libraries, an art school,

5848-610: The representatives from different nations and, such as, USA, Ukraine , Russia, Spain, Israel, and Azerbaijan participated in the festival. Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra, on August 1, played sixteen different compositions from the works of P. Mascagni, G. Verdi, M. Magomayev, G. Rossini, etc. The 7th Gabala International Music Festival was held on July 25–31, 2015. The festival was accompanied by Chamber orchestra of Weiner Academy (Austria), “Orchestra Filarmonica Italiana”, Kara Karaev State Chamber Orchestra of Azerbaijan, “Moscow Virtuosi”, Dubrovnik - Trio Guitar. The opening concert of

5934-410: The representatives of the local tribal nobility, to which attest their non-Armenian and non-Iranian names (Oroezes, Cosis and Zober in Greek sources). The population of Caucasian Albania of the Roman period is believed to have belonged to either the Northeast Caucasian peoples or the South Caucasian peoples . According to Strabo , the Albanians were a group of 26 tribes which lived to the north of

6020-409: The same in the times of the Islamic caliphate. Though Qabala experienced a decline during the Mongolian invasion in the 13th century, it was restored later. Qabala lost its position in the mid 18th century and the population gradually declined. The small feudal state Qutqashen Sultanate was established on the territory of Qabala in the mid 18th century. It was later included in the Shaki Khanate and

6106-561: The same time with the musical festival. Jazz and mugham evenings were held along with classical music concerts. In 2010, the festival was held on August. General director of UNESCO Irina Bokova was in the opening ceremony of the festival. The festival began with the performance of overture from Uzeyir Hajibeyov's "Koroglu" opera as in 2009. Opening ceremony of the festival was charged to Royal Philharmonic Orchestra . Such musicians as Dmitri Yablonski, Yuri Bashmet , Khloe Khanslip and other Azerbaijani and foreign musicians took part in

6192-476: The sea level which is also the highest lake in the region), Gotur ghol, Ismayil Bey Gutgachinli lake (3 305 m height from the sea level), and Nohur lake are the major lakes mostly fed with snow and glacier waters. Gabala district is located in Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region in the north-western part of Azerbaijan (southern hills of Great Caucasus Mountains). The main sector of the regional economy

6278-492: The ski centre and the "Tufandag" hotel being part of the "Tufandag" Winter-Summer Tourism Complex. Gabala International Music Festival is the major event held annually in August in Gabala beginning from 2009 with the support of the Heydar Aliyev Foundation and organized by Azerbaijan's Culture and Tourism Ministry and Music Union. During this festival, musicians perform in the open air. The musicians participating in

6364-404: The territory of the modern-day Azerbaijan Republic and part of the territory of Dagestan . However, in post-Islamic times the geographic notion of Arran reduced to the territory between the Kura and Aras rivers. Ancient Caucasian Albania lay on the south-eastern part of the Greater Caucasus mountains. It was bounded by Caucasian Iberia (present-day Georgia ) to the west, by Sarmatia to

6450-620: The three nations of the Southern Caucasus . Albania came under strong Armenian religious and cultural influence. Herodotus , Strabo , and other classical authors repeatedly mention the Caspians but do not seem to know much about them; they are grouped with other inhabitants of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, like the Amardi, Anariacae, Cadusii, Albani (see below), and Vitii (Eratosthenes apud Strabo, 11.8.8), and their land ( Caspiane )

6536-670: The top division of Azerbaijan. Gabala is the hometown of the Azerbaijani Major General Polad Hashimov who was killed on July 14 during the Armenian-Azerbaijani clashes on the state border in Tovuz . After the instruction of President Ilham Aliyev , the street in front of the Alley of Martyrs starts from the intersection with Hazi Aslanov street and ends in the intersection with Arif Hagverdiyev Street in central Gabala

6622-474: The treaty of Nisibis stipulated the reestablishment of the Roman protectorate over Caucasian Iberia and Albania. But fifty years later Rome lost the area that since then remained an integral part of the Sasanian Empire . Gabala International Music Festival Gabala International Music Festival is an annual festival of classical music held every summer beginning in 2009 in Gabala , Azerbaijan . The festival

6708-458: The watershed of Greater Caucasus which encompasses the territory of the region as a chain from the west to the east. The territory of the Gabala region is divided into three areas in geomorphological terms: the mountainous area, plains, and high plateau. The hilly relief forms in the territory of Gabala alternate one another from highlands to intermontane valleys, from deep scattered precipitous ravines to plane surfaced plateaus. The highest peaks of

6794-472: Was an enduring relation of Albania with Ancient Rome . The Latin rock inscription close to Boyukdash mountain in Gobustan, Baku , which mentions Legio XII Fulminata , is the world's easternmost Latin inscription known. In Albania, Romans reached the Caspian Sea for the first time. The Roman coins circulated in Caucasian Albania till the end of the 3rd century AD. Two denarii , which were unearthed in

6880-568: Was attributed to Arran (the left bank of the Kura was known as Shirvan ). The boundaries of Arran have shifted throughout history, sometimes encompassing the entire territory of the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan, and at other times only parts of the South Caucasus . In some instances, Arran was a part of Armenia. Medieval Islamic geographers gave descriptions of Arran in general, and of its towns, which included Barda , Beylagan , and Ganja , along with others. Originally, at least some of

6966-548: Was founded as a city in the late 4th-early 3rd century BC and survived up to the mid 18th century AD. Many changes occurred in the life of the city through the period of existence. Due to different historical events, the city was damaged more than once. Though the Roman troops attacked Albania in the 60s BC they were not able to occupy Gabala. During the Sassanid period, Qabala was a large trade and handicraft centre. The situation remained

7052-797: Was held from July 29 to August 3, 2017. Student Symphonic Orchestra of Baku Music Academy named after Uzeyir Hajibayli, the Symphonic Orchestra of the Azerbaijan State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, the British Femusa Chamber Orchestra, and others performed sequentially. Along with Farhad Badalbeyli, Murad Adigozalzadeh, Azer Rzazade, Isfar Sarabski and other Azerbaijanis, Janna Gandelman (Israel), Michael Sladkin (USA), Dmitry Yablonski (USA), Canluicci Sartori (Italy), Mojca Zlobko Vajgl (Slovenia), Nomeda Kazlaus (Lithuania) and other countries' musicians took part in

7138-472: Was held in parallel with the musical festival. 21–22 July was the final of Gabala Piano Competition accompanied by Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra. On the fifth of August, the closing concert took place with the performance of Orchestra of New Russia. Boris Berezovsky (in piano) and Dmitry Yablonsky (as conductor) took part in the festival. The 4th Gabala International Music Festival was held between July 22 and August 5, 2012. The 4th festival opened with

7224-402: Was named after General Polad Hasimov on July 5. 40°58′53″N 47°50′45″E  /  40.98139°N 47.84583°E  / 40.98139; 47.84583 Caucasian Albania Caucasian Albania is a modern exonym for a former state located in ancient times in the Caucasus , mostly in what is now Azerbaijan (where both of its capitals were located). The modern endonyms for

7310-508: Was revealed in the Şamaxı trove. During the reign of Roman emperor Hadrian (117-138) Albania was invaded by the Alans , an Iranian nomadic group. This invasion promoted an alliance between Rome and the Albanians that was reinforced under Antoninus Pius in 140 AD. Sassanians occupied the area around 240 AD but after a few years, the Roman Empire regained control of Caucasian Albania. In 297

7396-715: Was ruled by the Shaki naibs appointed by the khans of Shaki. Following the downfall of the Shaki Khanate, the Qutqashen sultanate was included in the Shaki province. The Qutqashen district was created in 1930. The district was renamed back to Qabala in March 1991, after falling of the Soviet Union. Most of Gabala district is composed of mountains which begin from the highlands of the South slope of

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