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25-1191: Pyne is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Bernard Pyne Grenfell Chris Pyne Christopher Pyne Douglas Pyne Frederick Pyne Ganesh Pyne George Pyne (disambiguation) , multiple people James Baker Pyne James Kendrick Pyne Jim Pyne Joe Pyne John Pyne Ken Pyne , British cartoonist Louisa Pyne (1832–1904), English soprano and opera company manager Lydia V. Pyne (born 1979), American writer and historian of science Moses Taylor Pyne Natasha Pyne Parker Pyne Percy Pyne Percy Rivington Pyne (disambiguation) Richard Pyne Rob Pyne Robert Allan Pyne Stephen J. Pyne Tom Pyne Valentine Pyne , master gunner of England , Royalist William Henry Pyne See also [ edit ] Pyne (Indian surname) Arthur Pyne O'Callaghan Percy Rivington Pyne House Upton Pyne apple Jonathan Pyne House Pyne's Ground-plum Parker Pyne Investigates Pyne Mine Pyne Glacier Pynes Town District Upton Pyne [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

50-655: A canonical status amongst Jews by the beginning of the second century A.D., they retained that status for much of the Christian Church. They were and are accepted as part of the Old Testament canon by the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches . Protestant Christians, however, follow the example of the Jews and do not accept these writings as part of the Old Testament canon. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri have provided

75-457: A catalogue of the scarab collection belonging to Queen's College. In 1908, he became professor of papyrology at Oxford and was part of the editing team of The Oxyrynchus Papyri and other similar works. However he was ill for four years and during that time the professorship lapsed. Grenfell was cared for by his mother and he had recovered by 1913. In 1920 he travelled to Egypt for the last time in his life and bought P.Ryl. III 457 ( 𝔓 ),

100-625: A scholarship in 1888 and enrolled at The Queen's College, Oxford . With his friend and colleague, Arthur Surridge Hunt , he took part in the archaeological dig of Oxyrhynchus and discovered many ancient manuscripts known as the Oxyrhynchus Papyri , including some of the oldest known copies of the New Testament and the Septuagint . Other notable finds are extensive, including previously unknown works by known classical authors. The majority of

125-683: Is an online table of contents briefly listing the type of contents of each papyrus or fragment. Administrative documents assembled and transcribed from the Oxyrhynchus excavation encompass a wide variety of legal matters, such as marriages, employment contracts, and censuses. Some of the more notable papyri transcribed so far include: In addition to detailing the cases themselves, these legal documents provide interesting insight into everyday life under Graeco-Roman occupied Egypt, and are often overlooked beside its pharaonic predecessor. For example, Saraeus' hearing with strategus Paison reveal that courts used

150-620: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Bernard Pyne Grenfell Bernard Pyne Grenfell FBA (16 December 1869 – 18 May 1926) was an English scientist and egyptologist . Excavations he did with Arthur Surridge Hunt uncovered manuscripts including the oldest Oxyrhynchus Papyri . Grenfell was the son of John Granville Grenfell FGS and Alice Grenfell . He was born in Birmingham and brought up and educated at Clifton College in Bristol, where his father taught. He obtained

175-622: The First Epistle of John (4th-5th century: P402 ); the Apocalypse of Baruch (chapters 12–14; 4th or 5th century: P403 ); the Gospel of Thomas (3rd century AD: P655 ); The Shepherd of Hermas (3rd or 4th century: P404 ), and a work of Irenaeus , (3rd century: P405 ). There are many parts of other canonical books as well as many early Christian hymns, prayers, and letters also found among them. All manuscripts classified as "theological" in

200-928: The earliest surviving witness of the Greek New Testament . He died on 18 May 1926, and was buried in Holywell Cemetery , Oxford. Oxyrhynchus Papyri The manuscripts date from the time of the Ptolemaic (3rd century BC) and Roman periods of Egyptian history (from 32 BC to the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640 AD). Only an estimated 10% are literary in nature. Most of the papyri found seem to consist mainly of public and private documents: codes , edicts , registers , official correspondence, census -returns, tax -assessments, petitions , court-records , sales , leases , wills , bills , accounts , inventories , horoscopes , and private letters. Although most of

225-489: The early Christian period that presented themselves as biblical books, but were not eventually received as such by the orthodoxy . These works found at Oxyrhynchus include the gospels of Thomas , Mary , Peter , James , The Shepherd of Hermas , and the Didache . (All of these are known from other sources as well.) Among this collection are also a few manuscripts of unknown gospels . The three manuscripts of Thomas represent

250-438: The surname Pyne . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pyne&oldid=1031411315 " Categories : Surnames English-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

275-621: The 107 lost books of Livy was the most important literary find in Latin . Among the Christian texts found at Oxyrhynchus, were fragments of early non- canonical Gospels, Oxyrhynchus 840 (3rd century AD) and Oxyrhynchus 1224 (4th century AD). Other Oxyrhynchus texts preserve parts of Matthew 1 (3rd century: P2 and P401 ), 11–12 and 19 (3rd to 4th century: P2384, 2385 ); Mark 10–11 (5th to 6th century: P3 ); John 1 and 20 (3rd century: P208 ); Romans 1 (4th century: P209 );

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300-553: The Old Testament text. In each volume that contains theological manuscripts, they are listed first, according to an English tradition of academic precedence (see Doctor of Divinity ). The original Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh ) was translated into Greek between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC. This translation is called the Septuagint (or LXX, both 70 in Latin), because there is a tradition that seventy Jewish scribes compiled it in Alexandria . It

325-479: The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are listed below. A few manuscripts that belong to multiple genres, or genres that are inconsistently treated in the volumes of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, are also included. For example, the quotation from Psalm 90 (P. Oxy. XVI 1928) associated with an amulet, is classified according to its primary genre as a magic text in the Oxyrhynchus Papyri; however, it is included here among witnesses to

350-656: The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are listed in this section. Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School (prior to private sale ) This name designates several, unique writings (e.g., the Book of Tobit ) or different versions of pre-existing writings (e.g., the Book of Daniel ) found in the canon of the Jewish scriptures (most notably, in the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Tanakh ). Although those writings were no longer viewed as having

375-533: The Roman names for year, marked by the reign of the emperor, but maintained the Egyptian months, called Pharmouthi. Although most of the texts uncovered at Oxyrhynchus were non-literary in nature, the archaeologists succeeded in recovering a large corpus of literary works that had previously been thought to have been lost. Many of these texts had previously been unknown to modern scholars. Several fragments can be traced to

400-597: The find consists of thousands of documentary texts. Parabiblical material, such as copies of the " Logia ( words ) of Jesus" were also found. In 1895, Grenfell and Hunt were the first archaeologists to explore the site of Karanis (present Kom Aushim) in Fayum . His mother, Alice Grenfell , was living with him after his father died in 1897. She took a great interest in Egyptian Scarab shaped artifacts . She taught herself to read hieroglyphics . She published her own papers and

425-616: The finds at Oxyrhynchus is the Athenian playwright Menander (342–291 BC), whose comedies were very popular in Hellenistic times and whose works are frequently found in papyrus fragments. Menander's plays found in fragments at Oxyrhynchus include Misoumenos , Dis Exapaton , Epitrepontes , Karchedonios , Dyskolos and Kolax . The works found at Oxyrhynchus have greatly raised Menander's status among classicists and scholars of Greek theatre . Another notable text uncovered at Oxyrhynchus

450-462: The most numerous sub-group of the earliest copies of the New Testament . These are surviving portions of codices (books) written in Greek uncial (capital) letters on papyrus . The first of these were excavated by Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt in Oxyrhynchus, at the turn of the 20th century. Of the 127 registered New Testament papyri , 52 (41%) are from Oxyrhynchus. The earliest of

475-544: The papyri are dated to the middle of the 2nd century, so were copied within about a century of the writing of the original New Testament documents. Grenfell and Hunt discovered the first New Testament papyrus ( 𝔓 ), on only the second day of excavation, in the winter of 1896–7. This, together with the other early discoveries, was published in 1898, in the first volume of the now 86-volume work, The Oxyrhynchus Papyri . The Oxyrhynchus Papyri collection contains around twenty manuscripts of New Testament apocrypha , works from

500-525: The papyri were written in Greek , some texts written in Egyptian ( Egyptian hieroglyphics , Hieratic , Demotic , mostly Coptic ), Latin and Arabic were also found. Texts in Hebrew , Aramaic , Syriac and Pahlavi have so far represented only a small percentage of the total. Since 1898, academics have collated and transcribed over 5,000 documents from what were originally hundreds of boxes of papyrus fragments

525-514: The size of large cornflakes. This is thought to represent only 1 to 2% of what is estimated to be at least half a million papyri still remaining to be conserved, transcribed, deciphered and catalogued. The most recent published volume was Vol. LXXXVII, released on 31 August 2023 . Oxyrhynchus Papyri are currently housed in institutions all over the world. A substantial number are housed in the Bodleian Art Library at Oxford University . There

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550-552: The work of Plato , for instance the Republic , Phaedo , or the dialogue Gorgias , dated around 200–300 CE. The discovery of a historical work known as the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia also revealed new information about classical antiquity. The identity of the author of the work is unknown; many early scholars proposed that it may have been written by Ephorus or Theopompus but many modern scholars are now convinced that it

575-535: Was Ichneutae , a previously unknown play written by Sophocles . The discovery of Ichneutae was especially significant since Ichneutae is a satyr play , making it only one of two extant satyr plays, with the other one being Euripides's Cyclops . Extensive remains of the Hypsipyle of Euripides and a life of Euripides by Satyrus the Peripatetic were also found at Oxyrhynchus. An epitome of seven of

600-548: Was quoted in the New Testament and is found bound together with the New Testament in the 4th and 5th century Greek uncial codices Sinaiticus , Alexandrinus and Vaticanus . The Septuagint included books, called the Apocrypha or Deuterocanonical by some Christians , which were later not accepted into the Jewish canon of sacred writings (see next section ). Portions of Old Testament books of undisputed authority found among

625-550: Was written by Cratippus . The work has won praise for its style and accuracy and has even been compared favorably with the works of Thucydides . The findings at Oxyrhynchus also turned up the oldest and most complete diagrams from Euclid 's Elements . Fragments of Euclid led to a re-evaluation of the accuracy of ancient sources for The Elements , revealing that the version of Theon of Alexandria has more authority than previously believed, according to Thomas Little Heath . The classical author who has most benefited from

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