132-580: Purley is an area of the London Borough of Croydon in London , England, 11.7 miles (18.8 km) south of Charing Cross , with a history going back at least 800 years. It was originally granted as an estate from holdings at Sanderstead and until as a district of Surrey and then, with neighbouring Coulsdon , as an urban district that became an electoral ward of the London Borough of Croydon, becoming part of
264-673: A Fairtrade borough by the Fairtrade Foundation . It was the first London borough to have Fairtrade status which is awarded on certain criteria . The area is one of the hearts of culture in London and the South East of England . Institutions such as the major arts and entertainment centre Fairfield Halls add to the vibrancy of the borough. However, its famous fringe theatre, the Warehouse Theatre , went into administration in 2012 when
396-985: A niche market that fails to address the crippling congestion problem in Cairo. In Indonesia, some gated communities are luxurious (with up to 740 square metres (8000 sq ft)), and some are very affordable (with lots ranging from 40 to 120 square metres). From 2000, most of the new residential areas built by private developers are mostly composed of gated communities. Examples include the residential areas of Bumi Serpong Damai in South Tangerang , Tropicana Residence Community in Tangerang City , Telaga Golf Sawangan and Pesona Khayangan in Depok , and Sentul City in Bogor Regency . Gated communities in Indonesia still allow outsiders to use some of
528-422: A business centre. Once London's main airport for all international flights to and from the capital, it was closed on 30 September 1959 due to the lack of expansion space needed for an airport to serve the growing city. It is now a Grade II listed building and tourist attraction. Croydon Council and its predecessor Croydon Corporation unsuccessfully applied for city status in 1954, 2000, 2002 and 2012. The area
660-485: A closed perimeter of walls and fences. Historically, cities have built defensive city walls and controlled gates to protect their inhabitants, and such fortifications have also separated quarters of some cities. Today, gated communities usually consist of small residential streets and include various shared amenities. For smaller communities, these amenities may include only a park or other common area . For larger communities, it may be possible for residents to stay within
792-583: A community is to protect its residents from exterior violence. The same philosophy is seen on closed buildings and most shopping centres (many of them can only be accessed from inside the parking lot or the garage). In Mexico , the most common form of a gated community is called privada, fraccionamiento, or condominio, in which privadas and fraccionamientos are mostly composed of individual, single-family houses grouped, these may vary on size and shape, sometimes, houses will be individually developed and built while in others (primarily in fraccionamientos) houses are of
924-461: A community pool, since the individual units do not have the option of a private pool installation. Typical amenities offered can include one or more: In Brazil , the most widespread form of gated community is called " condomínio fechado " (closed housing estate ) and is the object of desire of the upper classes. Such a place is a small town with its own infrastructure (reserve power supply, sanitation, and security guards ). The purpose of such
1056-582: A development by Hutchinson Whampoa ; Thomson Golf Villas, and Green Villas. Other gated communities in China such as those in the Daxing District of Beijing enclose the homes of rural migrants. These are intended to reduce crime and increase public order and safety, which the Chinese Communist Party -run People's Daily claims it has, by 73%. The system is controversial as it segregates migrants and
1188-512: A distinction all of its own. It is 600 yards (550 m) long and has on one side Lombardy poplars planted in local soil mixed with French earth specially shipped over to the UK. A plaque at one end of the road explains that the French ministry of the interior donated the soil from Armentières, as a memorial to the alliance of World War One and the soldiers who died. At the other end stands an obelisk carved from
1320-471: A few patchy bus services. Addiscombe is a district just northeast of the centre of Croydon, and is popular with commuters to central London as it is close to the busy East Croydon station . Ashburton , to the northeast of Croydon, is mostly home to residential houses and flats, being named after Ashburton House, one of the three big houses in the Addiscombe area. Broad Green is a small district, centred on
1452-547: A formal device which has been compared to the famous Pirelli Tower in Milan. It was named after Ernest Taberner OBE, Town Clerk from 1937 to 1963. Until September 2013, Taberner House housed most of the council's central employees and was the main location for the public to access information and services, particularly with respect to housing. In September 2013, Council staff moved into Bernard Weatherill House in Fell Road, (named after
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#17330850437121584-583: A golf course and the Pudong campus of Shanghai American School , is an example. The Shanghai Links project began in 1994 with the signing by the then Prime Minister of Canada, Honourable Jean Chretien , of a Memorandum of Agreement with the Shanghai Pudong New Area Government controlled company, Huaxia Tourism Development Company. Other notable gated communities in Shanghai include Seasons Villas,
1716-543: A health issue since they deny emergency vehicles quick access. A noted exception in Canada is Arbutus Ridge , an age-restricted community constructed between 1988 and 1992 on the southeastern coast of Vancouver Island . More common in most Canadian neighbourhoods, especially the largest cities, is an implicit or symbolic gating which effectively partitions the private infrastructure and amenities of these communities from their surrounding neighbourhoods. A classic example of this
1848-412: A junction and tram stop in the town centre, was destroyed by arson. Croydon is currently the subject of a series of £3.5bn of development projects, called Croydon Vision 2020 . This aims to change the urban planning of central Croydon . It aims to make Croydon London's Third City and the hub of retail, business, culture and living in south London and South East England. The plan was showcased in
1980-482: A large green with many homes and local shops in West Croydon. Coombe is an area, just east of Croydon, which has barely been urbanised and has retained its collection of large houses fairly intact. Coulsdon , south west of Central Croydon, which has retained a good mix of traditional high street shops as well as a large number of restaurants for its size. Croydon is the principal area of the borough, Crystal Palace
2112-623: A lesser degree, of cul-de-sacs ) maintain that the reduction or exclusion of people who would be only passing through, or more generally, of all non-local people, makes any "stranger" much more recognisable in the closed local environment, and thus reduces crime danger. However, some have argued that, since only a very small proportion of all non-local people passing through the area are potential criminals, increased traffic should increase rather than decrease safety by having more people around whose presence could deter criminal behaviour or who could provide assistance during an incident. Another criticism
2244-621: A school. It served as the Manor House of the manor of Croydon since it had been held as a manor by the Archbishops since the Anglo-Saxon period. Its local successor is Addington Palace , an eighteenth-century mansion which became the official second residence of six Archbishops of Canterbury , Shirley Windmill , one of the few surviving large windmills in Greater London built in the 1850s, and
2376-442: A series of events called Croydon Expo . The area of the modern borough broadly corresponds to the four ancient parishes of Croydon , Addington , Coulsdon and Sanderstead . The parish of Croydon was governed by improvement commissioners from 1829 until 1849 when it was made a local board district . Croydon was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1883. When elected county councils were established in 1889, Croydon
2508-691: A shortening of the term " country club ") and are often seen as a symbol of wealth. However, gated communities enjoy dubious social prestige (many members of the middle and upper middle class regard gated community dwellers as nouveaux riches or snobs ). While most gated communities have only houses, some bigger ones, such as Nordelta , have their own hospital, school, shopping mall, and more. In post-apartheid South Africa , gated communities have mushroomed in response to high levels of violent crime. They are commonly referred to as "complexes" but also broadly classified as "security villages" (large-scale privately developed areas) or "enclosed neighbourhoods". Some of
2640-583: A single piece of stone with the inscription "Aux soldats de France morts glorieusement pendant la Grande Guerre". The 32nd Surrey Battalion of the Home Guard was known as the Factory Battalion, and had the specific task of guarding the Purley Way factories: its units were mainly based on staff from the individual firms. The factories adjoining Croydon Airport took the worst of the air raid of 15 August 1940:
2772-411: A small market town has expanded into one of the most populous areas on the fringe of London. The borough is now one of London's leading business, financial and cultural centres, and its influence in entertainment and the arts contribute to its status as a major metropolitan centre. Its population is 390,719, making it the most populous London borough and sixteenth largest English district . The borough
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#17330850437122904-738: A socially integrated city, gated communities have been the subject of research by sociologists. Gated communities are an important way through middle and upper-class people cope with insecurity in Greater Buenos Aires. As Mara Dicenta writes, "The story of Nordelta exposes how violent environments are enacted through whiteness and drives for elite distinction. Exemplified by Nordelta, MPCs generate profit by transforming rural into elite lands while rearticulating racial and spatial borders that make distinctions sharper, more guarded, and less porous—between centers and peripheries, grounded and flooded lands, or poachers and conservationists. MPCs originated in
3036-491: A voluntary aided state school), and Laleham Lea School a co-educational prep-school.[ citation needed ] Purley has one of the UK's longest-established language schools, Purley Language College, founded in 1928. The current schools in Purley are: Purley used to have many different kinds of shops such as greengrocers, butchers, toy shops, tobacconists, a restaurant and a cinema. There was an earlier Sainsbury's store that closed in
3168-489: Is a London borough in south London , part of Outer London . It covers an area of 87 km (33.6 sq mi). It is the southernmost borough of London. At its centre is the historic town of Croydon from which the borough takes its name; while other urban centres include Coulsdon , Purley , South Norwood , Norbury , New Addington , Selsdon and Thornton Heath . Croydon is mentioned in Domesday Book , and from
3300-418: Is a gated community with around 220 homes. It began as 260 acres of farmland before being purchased in the 1880s and transformed into Edwardian homes and landscaped gardens by estate agent William Webb. Known for having a "garden village" feel with a high level of privacy, it also includes two private schools plus a restaurant and deli. The estate made headlines in a 2002 survey, which found that it had over
3432-527: Is a concept that emerged in response to the rise of safety and security issues, and offers more advantages in terms of a calm environment and enhanced safety that is ideal for family development. Several gated communities now exist on the island of Mauritius since the government introduced Integrated Resort Schemes (IRS) and Real Estate Schemes (RES) in the mid-1990s. Recently they have been amalgamated into Property Development Schemes (PDS). The government also introduced Smart City permits and in 2016 it secured
3564-521: Is a place on the plateau of the North Downs , south of Croydon. Kenley , again south of the centre, lie within the London Green Belt and features a landscape dominated by green space. New Addington , to the east, is a large local council estate surrounded by open countryside and golf courses. Norbury , to the northwest, is a suburb with a large ethnic population. Norwood New Town is a part of
3696-502: Is a town, right to the edge of Croydon with some areas in the Surrey district of Tandridge. Croydon is a gateway to the south from central London, with some major roads running through it. Purley Way , part of the A23 , was built to by-pass Croydon town centre. It is one of the busiest roads in the borough, and is the site of several major retail developments including one of only 18 IKEA stores in
3828-482: Is a town, to the northwest of Croydon, which holds Croydon's principal hospital Mayday . Upper Norwood is north of Croydon, on a mainly elevated area of the borough. Waddon is a residential area, mainly based on the Purley Way retail area, to the west of the borough. Woodside is located to the northeast of the borough, with streets based on Woodside Green , a small sized area of green land. And finally Whyteleafe
3960-608: Is a trend -especially in Guayaquil- of houses in gated communities with moderate prices. Due to the population boom and an increasing class segregation, gated communities have been more and more established in Egypt since the 1970s. Greater Cairo , for example, is home to El Rehab and Dreamland, Mountain View Egypt . There is also El Maamoura in Alexandria . They were criticized for being
4092-512: Is an area north of Croydon, which is shared with the London Boroughs of Lambeth , Southwark , Lewisham and Bromley . Fairfield , just northeast of Croydon, holds the Fairfield Halls and the village of Forestdale , to the east of Croydon's main area, commenced work in the late 1960s and completed in the mid-70s to create a larger town on what was previously open ground. Hamsey Green
Purley, London - Misplaced Pages Continue
4224-655: Is an area of common land partly shared with the boroughs of Sutton and Merton . Almost 500,000 years ago, Mitcham Common formed part of the river bed of the River Thames. The BRIT School is a performing Arts & Technology school, owned by the BRIT Trust (known for the BRIT Awards Music Ceremony ). Famous former students include Kellie Shirley , Amy Winehouse , Leona Lewis , Adele , Kate Nash , Dane Bowers , Katie Melua and Lyndon David-Hall . Grants
4356-526: Is an entertainment venue in the centre of Croydon which includes a Vue cinema . Surrey Street Market has roots in the 13th century, or earlier, and was chartered by the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1276. The market is regularly used as a location for TV, film and advertising. Croydon Minster , formerly the parish church, was established in the Anglo-Saxon period, and parts of the surviving building (notably
4488-502: Is considerably below England's average (1971–2000) level of 838 mm, and every month is drier overall than the England average. The nearest weather station is at Gatwick Airport. The skyline of Croydon has significantly changed over the past 50 years. High rise buildings, mainly office blocks, now dominate the skyline. The most notable of these buildings include Croydon Council's headquarters Taberner House , which has been compared to
4620-466: Is currently going through a large regeneration project called Croydon Vision 2020 which is predicted to attract more businesses and tourists to the area as well as backing Croydon's bid to become "London's Third City" (after the City of London and Westminster ). Croydon is mostly urban, though there are large suburban and rural uplands towards the south of the borough. Since 2003, Croydon has been certified as
4752-534: Is due to get a face-lift on the Croydon Gateway site. The Nestlé Tower was the UK headquarters of Nestlé and is one of the tallest towers in England, which is due to be re-fitted during the Park Place development. The Fairfield Halls is a well known concert hall and exhibition centre, opened in 1962. It is frequently used for BBC recordings and was formerly the home of ITV 's World of Sport . It includes
4884-562: Is in the second 5-year term having successfully been voted in favour in 2015 and 2020. The island opposite Purley Baptist Church has been refurbished and the Church, under the banner of 58:12 (a company and charity set up by the Church) are planning to redevelop it. Other partners in the development of a strategy for the regeneration of central Purley include the Purely Business improvement district,
5016-456: Is itself a co-operative with shareholders from organisations across the three movements. In the 19th century, Croydon was a bustling commercial centre of London. It was said that, at the turn of the 20th century, approximately £10,000 was spent in Croydon's taverns and inns every week. For the early labour movement, then, it was natural to meet in the town's public houses, in this environment. However,
5148-516: Is that gated communities offer a false sense of security. Some studies indicate that safety in gated communities may be more illusion than reality and that gated communities in suburban areas of the United States have no less crime than similar non-gated neighbourhoods. A commentary in The New York Times specifically blames the gated communities for the shooting death of Trayvon Martin as
5280-601: Is the affluent Montreal suburb of Mount Royal , which has a long fence running along its side of L'Acadie Boulevard that for all intents and purposes separates the community from the more working-class neighbourhood of Park Extension . Also, many newer suburban subdivisions employ decorative gates to give the impression of exclusivity and seclusion. Some gated communities have been planned in recent years in Greater Toronto, although they are infrequent. In China, some of these compounds, like most other gated communities around
5412-580: Is the largest concentration of gated communities in the world, stretching over 140 square kilometres (54 sq mi). The surrounding areas of Santa Fe, Bosques-Lomas, Interlomas-Bosque Real, are also made up predominantly of gated communities and span over 30% of Greater Mexico City . Many smaller gated communities in Mexico are not officially classified as separate gated communities as many municipal rules prohibit closed off roads. Most of these small neighbourhoods cater to lower middle income residents and offer
Purley, London - Misplaced Pages Continue
5544-497: Is to the east of Croydon, and holds Shirley Windmill . South Croydon , to the south of Croydon, is a locality which holds local landmarks such as The Swan and Sugarloaf public house and independent Whitgift School part of the Whitgift Foundation . South Norwood , to the north, is in common with West Norwood and Upper Norwood, named after a contraction of Great North Wood and has a population of around 14,590. Thornton Heath
5676-528: Is used for events and performances. The town hall was renovated in the mid-1990s and the imposing central staircase, long closed to the public and kept for councillors only, was re-opened in 1994. The civic complex, meanwhile, was substantially added to, with buildings across Mint Walk and the 19-floor Taberner House to house the rapidly expanding corporation's employees. Ruskin House is the headquarters of Croydon's Labour , Trade Union and Co-operative movements and
5808-515: The A23 Brighton Road near Reedham Station , became the property of the London Borough of Croydon and was sold to developers. It was left derelict for many years but was converted into flats in 2012. Plans to dig under the building and build additional flats were refused in 2015. Kenley Aerodrome , to the south of the town, is currently official property of the Ministry of Defence . It was one of
5940-556: The Ashcroft Theatre and the Arnhem Gallery . Croydon Palace was the summer residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury for over 500 years and included regular visitors such as Henry III and Queen Elizabeth I . It is thought to have been built around 960. Croydon Cemetery is a large cemetery and crematorium west of Croydon and is most famous for the gravestone of Derek Bentley , who was wrongly hanged in 1953. Mitcham Common
6072-569: The BRIT School , a creative arts institute run by the BRIT Trust which has produced artists such as Adele , Amy Winehouse and Leona Lewis . The name Croydon comes from Crogdene or Croindone, named by the Saxons in the 8th century when they settled here, although the area had been inhabited since prehistoric times. It is thought to derive from the Anglo-Saxon croeas deanas , meaning "the valley of
6204-470: The Coulsdon and Purley Urban District was created covering the two parishes. Purley itself was not a civil parish, being in the parish of Coulsdon, but its name was included in the urban district's name on account of it being one of the main built-up settlements in the district. There were subsequent adjustments to the boundaries with neighbouring areas, notably including in 1933 when the urban district absorbed
6336-639: The London Assembly , the borough forms part of the Croydon and Sutton constituency. The borough is covered by three parliamentary constituencies: these are Croydon North , Croydon Central and Croydon South . Sarah Jones (politician) won the Croydon Central seat for Labour in 2017. Croydon North has a Labour MP, Steve Reed (politician) , and Croydon South has a Conservative MP, Chris Philp . Croydon Town Hall on Katharine Street in central Croydon houses
6468-605: The Purley Way , which leads to Croydon's trading and industrial hinterland and also to the former Croydon Airport , the predecessor of the present London Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport . The town is on the main London-to-Brighton railway line and is served by Purley and Purley Oaks stations on that line, and Reedham station on the Tattenham Corner Line . London Borough of Croydon The London Borough of Croydon ( pronunciation )
6600-503: The River Effra and its tributaries. The most notable tree, called Vicar's Oak, marked the boundary of four ancient parishes; Lambeth , Camberwell , Croydon and Bromley . John Aubrey referred to this "ancient remarkable tree" in the past tense as early as 1718, but according to JB Wilson, the Vicar's Oak survived until 1825. The River Wandle , a chalk stream , is also a major tributary of
6732-642: The River Thames , where it stretches to Wandsworth and Putney for 9 miles (14 km) from its main source in Waddon . Croydon has a temperate climate in common with most areas of Great Britain: its Köppen climate classification is Cfb . Its mean annual temperature of 9.6 °C is similar to that experienced throughout the Weald, and slightly cooler than nearby areas such as the Sussex coast and central London. Rainfall
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#17330850437126864-715: The crocuses ", indicating that, like Saffron Walden in Essex, it was a centre for the collection of saffron . By the time of the Norman invasion Croydon had a church, a mill and around 365 inhabitants as recorded in the Domesday Book. The Archbishop of Canterbury , Archbishop Lanfranc lived at Croydon Palace which still stands. Visitors included Thomas Becket (another Archbishop), and royal figures such as Henry VIII of England and Elizabeth I . The royal charter for Surrey Street Market dates back to 1276, Croydon carried on through
6996-594: The 1980s, a few have been built. The most well-known are those at Hope Island , in particular Sanctuary Cove , on the Gold Coast of Queensland . Other similar projects are being built in the area. In Victoria , the first such development is Sanctuary Lakes , in the local government area of Wyndham , about 16 km south west of Melbourne . In New South Wales , there is Macquarie Links gated community as well as Southgate Estate gated community. Many Australian gated communities are built within private golf courses. In
7128-463: The 1980s, when a new Sainsbury's was opened at Purley Fountain. The new Sainsbury's closed in 2001. A Tesco superstore was opened in 1991, and there has been a shift in the town's retail offering towards charity shops, restaurants and non retail businesses. Purley retail and commerce interests are represented by the Purley Business improvement district. This Business Improvement District (BID)
7260-500: The ACT, the only example is Uriarra Village, based around community horse paddocks and dwellings jointly managed through strata title. The trade association for real estate developers in Bangladesh , RAJUK , stated in 2021 that the capital city Dhaka had approximately 25 gated communities. While RAJUK claimed that these communities adhered to the global standard of keeping 60% of the land in
7392-565: The British NSF factory was almost entirely destroyed, and the Bourjois factory gutted, with a total of over sixty civilian deaths. A comprehensive history of Purley and its growth around Caterham Junction (now Purley Station) with the coming of the railways some 150 years ago is found in the Bourne Society's 'Purley Village History' and in its Local History Records publications. The Webb Estate
7524-477: The London borough of Croydon in 1965 helped consolidate the middle class domination of that borough. The Purley electoral ward returned Conservative party councillors in Croydon London Borough Council elections from 1965 up until the reorganisation of 2018. In 2018, Purley was split into two wards; Purley and Woodcote , and Purley Oaks and Riddlesdown . There are a number of football clubs in
7656-464: The London conurbation and almost indistinguishable from many of the other Greater London boroughs" and in 2000 as having "no particular identity of its own". The local authority is Croydon Council, which meets at Croydon Town Hall on Katherine Street in the centre of Croydon, and has its main offices at the adjoining Bernard Weatherill House . Since 2022 the council has been led by the directly elected Mayor of Croydon . Since 2000, for elections to
7788-479: The London-Portslade road, although conclusive evidence has not yet been found. The main town centre houses a great variety of well-known stores on North End and two shopping centres. It was pedestrianised in 1989 to attract people back to the town centre. Another shopping centre called Park Place was due to open in 2012 but has since been scrapped. The CR postcode area covers most of the south and centre of
7920-562: The NLA Tower, Britain's 88th tallest tower, close to East Croydon station , is an example of 1970s architecture. The tower was originally nicknamed the Threepenny bit building , as it resembles a stack of pre-decimalisation Threepence coins, which were 12-sided. It is now most commonly called The Octagon, being 8-sided. Lunar House is another high-rise building. Like other government office buildings on Wellesley Road, such as Apollo House ,
8052-455: The Norwood triangle, to the north of Croydon. Monks Orchard is a small district made up of large houses and open space in the northeast of the borough. Pollards Hill is a residential district with houses on roads, which are lined with pollarded lime trees, stretching to Norbury. Purley , to the south, is a main town whose name derives from "pirlea", which means 'Peartree lea'. Sanderstead , to
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#17330850437128184-430: The Purley & Woodcote Residents' Association and Purley Rotary who actively participate in the Neighbourhood Partnership forums hosted by Croydon Council.[ citation needed ] As of 2022, the largest ethnic group in Purley & Woodcote was ‘White’ , constituting 56.97% of the total population. The ‘ Asian ’ ethnic group was second largest, making up 20.13%, while ‘ Black , Caribbean or African’ accounted for 11.73% of
8316-484: The U.S. and continue to circulate American imaginaries of race, segregation, and neoliberal commons worldwide. In this process, they are met with different forms of slow violence rooted in colonial and postcolonial national geographies. Furthermore, in seeking to capitalize on those racialized differences, global real estate corporations also circulate and help materialize homogenizing visions of racial formation." Although gated communities have been rare in Australia, since
8448-567: The United States while retaining houses of similar size and quality due to the commonness of the communities and the lower cost to build them and are priced lower to attract middle class residents. Many gated communities in Mexico have fully independent and self-contained infrastructure, such as schools, water and power facilities, security and fire forces, and medical facilities. Some of the larger gated communities even retain their own school districts and police departments. The Interlomas area of Mexico City contains hundreds of gated communities and
8580-410: The West, includes the Peaks Hill area to the North, and borders Purley Oaks in South Croydon. To the East it includes Riddlesdown and to the South it borders Kenley and Coulsdon. The current electoral ward of Purley and Woodcote is largely co-extensive with the postal district, but Riddlesdown is now in the neighbouring Purley Oaks and Riddlesdown ward. Woodcote is contained within Purley. Developed in
8712-587: The ages as a prosperous market town, they produced charcoal, tanned leather, and ventured into brewing. Croydon was served by the Surrey Iron Railway , the first public railway (horse drawn) in the world, in 1803, and by the London to Brighton rail link in the mid-19th century, helping it to become the largest town in what was then Surrey . In the 20th century Croydon became known for industries such as metal working, car manufacture and its aerodrome, Croydon Airport . Starting out during World War I as an airfield for protection against Zeppelins , an adjacent airfield
8844-467: The airport remain. It is a tourist attraction. The Croydon Clocktower arts venue was opened by Elizabeth II in 1994. It includes the Braithwaite Hall (the former reference library – named after the Rev. Braithwaite who donated it to the town) for live events, David Lean Cinema (built in memory of David Lean ), the Museum of Croydon and Croydon Central Library . The Museum of Croydon (formerly known as Croydon Lifetimes Museum) highlights Croydon in
8976-445: The area's black and Indian cultural diversity, with audiences reaching over 50,000 people. Premier League football club Crystal Palace F.C. play at Selhurst Park in Selhurst , a stadium they have been based in since 1924. Other landmarks in the borough include what remains of Croydon Palace , an important residence of the Archbishops of Canterbury since around the ninth century CE, and known as 'The Old Palace' during its time as
9108-765: The area. Purley John Fisher Rugby Football Club is based in Old Coulsdon. Purley Cricket Club is part of Purley Sports Club. Purley Sports Club also provides tennis , squash , padel and netball . There are a number of field hockey clubs based in and around Purley that are part of the South East Hockey and the London Hockey league structures. Current hockey clubs in and around the area are Kenley, Purley, Purley Walcountians and Sanderstead. Purley Cross gyratory connects routes leading south-east to East Grinstead and Eastbourne (the A22 ), west to Epsom and Kingston (the A2022 ), south to Redhill and Brighton (the A23 ), and north to Croydon and Central London (the A23 and A235 ). The A23 north from Purley forms
9240-448: The assistance of Saudi Arabia to launch the government's version of a gated Smart City known as Heritage City Project which was proposed at Minissy, in the region of Ebène, with the assistance of Saudi Arabia. Gated communities in Mexico are a result of the huge income gap existing in the country. A 2008 study found that the average income in an urban area of Mexico was $ 26,654, a rate higher than advanced regions like Spain or Greece while
9372-567: The average income in rural areas (sometimes just a short distance away) was only $ 8,403. This close a proximity of wealth and poverty has created a large security risk for Mexico's middle class. Gated communities can be found in virtually every medium and large-sized city in Mexico with the largest found in major cities, such as Monterrey , Mexico City or Guadalajara . Luxury or "status" gated communities are very popular with middle to high income residents in Mexico. Gated luxury communities in Mexico are considerably cheaper than in countries such as
9504-464: The borough and into the North Downs , Surrey and the rest of south London. Addington Hills is a major hilly area to the south of London and is recognised as a significant obstacle to the growth of London from its origins as a port on the north side of the river, to a large circular city. The Great North Wood is a former natural oak forest that covered the Sydenham Ridge and the southern reaches of
9636-474: The borough doesn't lose its title of having the "largest office space in the south east", excluding central London. Projects such as Wellesley Square , which will be a mix of residential and retail with an eye-catching colour design and 100 George Street a proposed modern office block are incorporated in this vision. Notable events that have happened to Croydon's skyline include the Millennium project to create
9768-474: The borough mainly borders the London Borough of Bromley , and in the north west the boroughs of Lambeth and Southwark . The boroughs of Sutton and Merton are located directly to the west. It is at the head of the River Wandle , just to the north of a significant gap in the North Downs . It lies 10 miles (16 km) south of Central London, and the earliest settlement may have been a Roman staging post on
9900-470: The borough while the SE and SW postcodes cover the northern parts, including Crystal Palace, Upper Norwood, South Norwood, Selhurst (part), Thornton Heath (part), Norbury and Pollards Hill (part). Districts in the London Borough of Croydon include Addington , a village to the east of Croydon which until 2000 was poorly linked to the rest of the borough as it was without any railway or light rail stations, with only
10032-510: The centre of the town, and makes it hard to walk between the town centre's two railway stations. Croydon Vision 2020 includes a plan for a more pedestrian-friendly replacement. It has also been named as one of the worst roads for cyclists in the area. Construction of the Croydon Underpass beneath the junction of George Street and Wellesley Road /Park Lane started in the early 1960s, mainly to alleviate traffic congestion on Park Lane, above
10164-476: The ceremonial county of London, in 1965. In 2018 the Purley ward was divided into two: Purley and Woodcote , and Purley Oaks and Riddlesdown . Purley is a suburban area of South London, and the quintessential suburban environment has been referenced in fictional and popular culture, most notably as the setting for the long running Terry and June sitcom. Purley had a population of 15,184 in 2022. The name derives from an estate, mentioned in about 1200 when it
10296-588: The columnist states that "gated communities churn a vicious cycle by attracting like-minded residents who seek shelter from outsiders and whose physical seclusion then worsens paranoid groupthink against outsiders." In a paper, Vanessa Watson includes gated communities within a class of "African urban fantasies": attempts to remake African cities in the vein of Dubai or Singapore. In Watson's analysis, this kind of urban planning prizes exclusionary and self-contained spaces that limit opportunities for interaction between different classes, while worsening marginalization of
10428-449: The committee rooms, the mayor's and other councillors' offices, electoral services and the arts and heritage services. The present Town Hall is Croydon's third. The first town hall is thought to have been built in either 1566 or 1609. The second was built in 1808 to serve the growing town but was demolished after the present town hall was erected in 1895. The 1808 building cost £8,000, which was regarded as an enormous sum for those days and
10560-401: The community for most daily activities. Gated communities are a type of common interest development , but are distinct from intentional communities . For socio-historical reasons, in the developed world they exist primarily in the United States. Given that gated communities are spatially a type of enclave , Setha M. Low, an anthropologist, has argued that they have a negative effect on
10692-434: The council withdrew funding, and the building itself was demolished in 2013. The Croydon Clocktower was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 as an arts venue featuring a library, the independent David Lean Cinema (closed by the council in 2011 after sixteen years of operating, but now partially reopened on a part-time and volunteer basis) and museum . From 2000 to 2010, Croydon staged an annual summer festival celebrating
10824-442: The country, built on the site of the former power station. The A23 continues southward as Brighton Road, which is the main route running towards the south from Croydon to Purley . The centre of Croydon is very congested, and the urban planning has since become out of date and quite inadequate, due to the expansion of Croydon's main shopping area and office blocks. Wellesley Road is a north–south dual carriageway that cuts through
10956-624: The early 20th century, it is centred on Woodcote Village Green and is the location of Woodcote Model Village. Purley's Webb Estate lies on Woodcote road, close to Upper Woodcote Village. The Bourne river runs through Purley. The river is culverted but can flood in Purley valley. A local history society take their name from this river. Purley is home to a number of schools; including four Catholic schools. Two of which are in Peaks Hill neighbourhood of Purley, and these are The John Fisher School an all boys' state school (formerly an independent and then
11088-620: The facilities inside the community because there is a regulation that the social facilities in the residential development should be handed to the local government to be used by the public. Two examples of gated community in Italy are Olgiata in Rome and the village of Roccamare , in Castiglione della Pescaia , Tuscany . Because of the pollution, the lack of proper infrastructure, electrical power and green spaces in residential areas outside of Beirut ,
11220-511: The famous Pirelli Tower of Milan , and the Nestlé Tower , the former UK headquarters of Nestlé . In recent years, the development of tall buildings , such as the approved Croydon Vocational Tower and Wellesley Square , has been encouraged in the London Plan , and will lead to the erection of new skyscrapers in the coming years as part of London's high-rise boom. No. 1 Croydon , formerly
11352-614: The fear of crime, it helped to promote the sustainable use of older buildings by displaying them in a more positive way. There are a large number of attractions and places of interest all across the borough of Croydon, ranging from historic sites in the north and south to modern towers in the centre. Croydon Airport was once London's main airport, but closed on 30 September 1959 due to the expansion of London and because it didn't have room to grow; so Heathrow International Airport took over as London's main airport. It has now been mostly converted to offices, although some important elements of
11484-699: The first large-scale gated community projects in São Paulo city region was Barueri 's Alphaville , planned and constructed during the 1970s military dictatorship when the big cities of Brazil faced steep increases of car ownership by the middle and higher-classes, rural exodus , poverty, crime, urban sprawl , and downtown decay . Neighbourhoods with "physical" or explicit gating with security checkpoints and patrols are extremely rare, being absent in even some of Canada's richest neighbourhoods such as Bridle Path, Toronto . Furthermore, municipal planning laws in many Canadian provinces ban locked gates on public roads as
11616-507: The former Speaker of the House and Member of Parliament for Croydon North-East). Staff from the Met Police, NHS, Jobcentre Plus, Croydon Credit Union, Citizens Advice Bureau as well as 75 services from the council all moved to the new building. The borough is in the far south of London, with the M25 orbital motorway stretching to the south of it, between Croydon and Tandridge . To the north and east,
11748-556: The gated communities. Also, the high risk of burglaries was found consistent in both daytime and night-time. As this research on the effect of gated communities in South Africa reflects a negative correlation between the use of gated communities and crime prevention, the effectiveness of gated communities is in doubt. The closed cities of Russia are different from the gated communities. A limited number of gated communities have long been established for foreigners in various countries of
11880-573: The gated community for open spaces and common use, the Bangladesh Institute of Planners disputed this claim, advocating for fewer gated communities in the city centres. Brazil also has many gated communities, particularly in the metropolitan regions Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo . For example, one of São Paulo's suburbs, Tamboré , has at least 6 such compounds known as Tamboré 1, 2, 3, and so on. Each consists of generously spaced detached houses with very little to separate front gardens. One of
12012-732: The headquarters of the Trade Union, Labour and Co-operative movements in Croydon, hosting a range of meetings and being the base for several labour movement groups. Office tenants include the headquarters of the Communist Party of Britain and Croydon Labour Party. Geraint Davies , the MP for Croydon Central , had offices in the building, until he was defeated by Andrew Pelling and is now the Labour representative standing for Swansea West in Wales. Taberner House
12144-599: The high class society chooses to reside in gated communities for a better living environment. Gated communities in Lebanon are mainly in the suburbs of the capital city Beirut . In Malaysia, these are known as Gated and Guarded Communities and have been seeing a steady increase in popularity. Currently, according to the Town and Country Planning Department, there are four types of gated communities in Malaysia, namely: The gated community
12276-508: The key fighter stations – together with Croydon Airport and Biggin Hill – during the World War II support of Dunkirk, Battle of Britain and for the defence of London. Purley grew rapidly in the 1920s and 1930s, providing spacious homes in a green environment. Northeast Purley stretches into the chalk hill spurs of the North Downs . One road, Promenade de Verdun , created by William Webb, has
12408-424: The largest single urban lighting project ever. It was created for the buildings of Croydon to illuminate them for the third millennium. The project provided new lighting for the buildings, and provided an opportunity to project images and words onto them, mixing art and poetry with coloured light, and also displaying public information after dark. Apart from increasing night time activity in Croydon and thereby reducing
12540-466: The late 1990s on against foreigners in general and U.S. citizens in particular, gates became armed, sometimes heavily, and all vehicles are inspected. Marksmen and Saudi Arabian National Guard armored vehicles appeared in certain times, markedly after recent terrorist attacks in areas near-by, targeting people from European or North American countries. Gated communities are rare in continental Europe and Japan. Proponents of gated communities (and to
12672-401: The master association may provide many of the amenities. In general, the larger the association the more amenities that can be provided. Amenities also depend on the type of housing. For example, single-family-home communities may not have a common-area swimming pool, since individual home-owners have the ability to construct their own private pools. A condominium , on the other hand, may offer
12804-570: The name of the building was inspired by the US Moon landings (In the Croydon suburb of New Addington there is a public house , built during the same period, called The Man on the Moon ). Lunar House houses the Home Office building for Visas and Immigration. Apollo House houses The Border Patrol Agency. A new generation of buildings are being considered by the council as part of Croydon Vision 2020 , so that
12936-536: The neighbouring town of Coulsdon formed the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District which was based at the Purley Council Offices . The council was abolished in 1965, under the London Government Act 1963 , and its area transferred to Greater London and used to form part of the London Borough of Croydon. The urban district council was based in a colonial-style building opened in 1930. The building, on
13068-583: The net social capital of the broader community outside the gated community. Some gated communities, usually called "guard-gated communities", are staffed by private security guards and are often home to high-value properties, and/or are set up as retirement villages . Besides the services of gatekeepers , many gated communities provide other amenities. These may depend on a number of factors including geographical location, demographic composition, community structure, and community fees collected. When there are sub-associations that belong to master associations,
13200-470: The new apartment compounds have 24/7 guards on duty, and for some high-end residences, facial recognition systems to grant residents and domestic workers entry into the compound. The most famous of which is Clifford Estates in Guangzhou. In Saudi Arabia, gated communities have existed since the discovery of oil, mainly to accommodate families from Europe or North America. After threat levels increased from
13332-420: The newest neighbourhoods being developed are almost entirely composed of security villages, some with malls and few other essential services (such as hospitals). In part, property developers have adopted this response to counter squatting , which local residents fear due to associated crime, and which often results in a protracted eviction process. They are popular in southern China and Hong Kong , where most of
13464-456: The parish of Farleigh , after which there were three urban parishes in the district, being Cousldon, Farleigh and Sanderstead. The London Borough of Croydon was created on 1 April 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 , covering the combined area of the former Coulsdon and Purley Urban District and the County Borough of Croydon , both of which were abolished at the same time. The area
13596-757: The past and the present and currently features high-profile exhibitions including the Riesco Collection, The Art of Dr Seuss and the Whatever the Weather gallery. Shirley Windmill is a working windmill and one of the few surviving large windmills in Surrey , built in 1854. It is Grade II listed and received a £218,100 grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund . Addington Palace is an 18th-century mansion in Addington which
13728-625: The poor, with some claiming its true purpose is to keep track of migrants, but it is scheduled for implementation in Changping District also. Ecuador has many gated communities, mostly in Guayaquil and Quito . In the coastal city of Guayaquil, gated communities are mostly located in Samborondón , and in Quito in the valleys surrounding the city. These are home mostly for the wealthiest. However there
13860-460: The population. Mixed/ multiple ethnicities made up 7.5%. ' Other ethnic groups' account for 3% of the population. The smallest ethnic group was ' Arab', making up only 0.6% of the wards population. 71.4% of the wards population were born in the UK. The remaining 28.6% were from overseas, with the largest amount being listed as from 'The Middle East & Asia'. The largest religion was listed as Christianity , at 51.3%. The second largest religion
13992-570: The re-opening of the poorly patronised railway station. The railway station re-opening had failed to be a success so freeing up the land for alternative use. Parts, including the former court rooms, have been converted into the Museum of Croydon and exhibition galleries. The original public library was converted into the David Lean Cinema , part of the Croydon Clocktower . The Braithwaite Hall
14124-522: The roof. It also housed the court and most central council employees. The Borough's incorporation in 1883 and a desire to improve central Croydon with improvements to traffic flows and the removal of social deprivation in Middle Row prompted the move to a new configuration of town hall provision. The second closure of the Central Railway Station provided the corporation with the opportunity to buy
14256-426: The same design and shape. In fraccionamientos, these houses may have access to amenities within the gated zone as well, such as parks, gyms, party rooms, pools and maintenance by the residential's administration. Condominios are commonly similar to fraccionamientos and privadas, but applied in a scheme of apartment buildings. In Pakistan , gated communities are located in big as well as small cities and are considered
14388-399: The south, is a village mainly on high ground at the edge of suburban development in Greater London . Selhurst is a town, to the north of Croydon, which holds the nationally known school, The BRIT School . Selsdon is a suburb which was developed during the inter-war period in the 1920s and 1930s, and is remarkable for its many Art Deco houses, to the southeast of Croydon Centre. Shirley ,
14520-556: The standard of high quality living. Defence Housing Authority and Bahria Town are major private gated community developers and administrators and one of the largest in the world. The assets of Bahria Town itself are worth $ 30 billion. Most gated communities in Pakistan have public parks, schools, hospitals, shopping malls, gymnasiums, and country clubs. In Argentina , they are called " barrios privados " (literal translation "private neighbourhoods") or just "countries" (which comes from
14652-408: The station land from the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Company for £11,500 to provide the site for the new town hall. Indeed, the council hoped to be able to sell on some of the land purchased with enough for municipal needs and still "leave a considerable margin of land which might be disposed of". The purchase of the failed railway station came despite local leaders having successfully urged
14784-499: The temperance movement was equally strong, and Georgina King Lewis , a keen member of the Croydon United Temperance Council , took it upon herself to establish a dry centre for the labour movement. The first Ruskin House was highly successful, and there has been two more since. The current house was officially opened in 1967 by the then Labour Prime Minister, Harold Wilson . Today, Ruskin House continues to serve as
14916-424: The third local authority in Greater London to hold that status, along with the City of London and the City of Westminster . At present the London Borough of Croydon is the second most populous local government district of England without city status. Croydon's applications were refused as it was felt not to have an identity separate from the rest of Greater London. In 1965 it was described as "...now just part of
15048-552: The tower) date from the 14th and 15th centuries. However, the church was largely destroyed by fire in 1867, so the present structure is a rebuild of 1867–69 to the designs of George Gilbert Scott . It is the burial place of six archbishops, and contains monuments to Archbishops Sheldon and Whitgift . Gated community A gated community (or walled community ) is a form of residential community or housing estate containing strictly controlled entrances for pedestrians , bicycles , and automobiles , and often characterized by
15180-552: The town's market. The building became inadequate for the growing local administrative responsibilities and stood at a narrow point of a High Street in need of widening. The present town hall was designed by local architect Charles Henman and was officially opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales on 19 May 1896. It was constructed in red brick, sourced from Wrotham in Kent, with Portland stone dressings and green Westmoreland slates for
15312-433: The underpass. The Croydon Flyover is also near the underpass, and next to Taberner House . It mainly leads traffic on to Duppas Hill , towards Purley Way with links to Sutton and Kingston upon Thames . The major junction on the flyover is for Old Town , which is also a large three-lane road. Croydon covers an area of 86.52 km . Croydon's physical features consist of many hills and rivers that are spread out across
15444-515: The urban poor. A study done by Breetzke, Landman & Cohn (2014) had investigated the effect of gated communities on individual's risk of burglary victimization in South Africa. Results shown that not only are gated communities not able to reduce burglary, but even facilitate criminal activities. For both the gated communities and the areas surrounding them, the densities of burglary were found to be four times higher than that of Tshwane. The crime rates did not decrease in areas that were far away from
15576-502: The world, target the rich. Also many foreigners live in gated communities in Beijing . Often foreign companies choose the locations where their foreign employees will live, and in most cases, they pay the rent and associated costs (e.g. management fees and garden work). Similar communities exist in Shanghai , another major Chinese city. Shanghai Links, an exclusive expatriate community enclosing
15708-557: The world: There are many gated communities in Argentina, especially in Greater Buenos Aires , in the suburb of Pilar , 60 km N of Buenos Aires city, and in other suburban areas, such as Nordelta . Tortugas Country Club was the first gated community developed in Argentina, dating from the 1930s/1940s, but most date from the 1990s, when liberal reforms were consolidated. Since Buenos Aires has been traditionally regarded as
15840-500: The years attracted the highest-earning residents in the UK, having established itself as an attractive destination for wealthy city workers . Notable people to have lived on the Webb Estate include singer Francis Rossi , footballer Wilfried Zaha , television presenter Laura Hamilton , and former Downing Street Press Secretary Bernard Ingham . The Purley postal district encompasses Purley high street and extends through Woodcote to
15972-513: Was Islam , at 9.5%. Third was Hinduism , at 8.2%. Following that were Sikhism at 1%, Buddhism at 0.9%, Judaism at 0.2% and ' Other Religion ' at 0.8%. As well as this, ' No Religion ' accounted for 28% of the population. Purley lies within the Croydon South parliamentary constituency , where voters have consistently returned Conservative Party MPs to the local seat since 1974. Purley has been staunchly conservative and its amalgamation into
16104-458: Was built between 1964 and 1967, designed by architect H. Thornley, with Allan Holt and Hugh Lea as borough engineers. Although the council had needed extra space since the 1920s, it was only with the imminent creation of the London Borough of Croydon that action was taken. The building, being demolished in 2014, was in classic 1960s style, praised at the time but subsequently much derided. It has its elegant upper slab block narrowing towards both ends,
16236-425: Was combined, and the new aerodrome opened on 29 March 1920. It became the largest in London, and was the main terminal for international air freight into the capital. It developed into one of the great airports of the world during the 1920s and 1930s, and welcomed the world's pioneer aviators in its heyday. British Airways Ltd used the airport for a short period after redirecting from Northolt Aerodrome , and Croydon
16368-498: Was considered large enough to provide its own county-level services. It was therefore made a county borough , independent from the new Surrey County Council , whilst remaining part of Surrey for judicial and lieutenancy purposes. The borough was enlarged in 1928 to absorb the neighbouring parish of Addington. Coulsdon and Sanderstead were governed as rural parishes within the Croydon Rural District until 1915 when
16500-516: Was deeded to one William de Pirelea, son of Osbert de Pirelea by the abbot of St. Peter's monastery near Winchester. The original meaning of Purley was probably a wood or clearing where pear trees grow, derived from "Pirlea", which is from Anglo Saxon pir , pear or pirige , pear tree and leá , a clearing or a place. Under the Local Government Act 1894 , Purley became part of the Croydon Rural District of Surrey . In 1915 Purley and
16632-427: Was formed in 1965 from the merger of the County Borough of Croydon with Coulsdon and Purley Urban District , both of which had been within Surrey . The local authority, Croydon London Borough Council , is now part of London Councils , the local government association for Greater London. The economic strength of Croydon dates back mainly to Croydon Airport which was a major factor in the development of Croydon as
16764-705: Was officially opened in October 1970 by the Duchess of Kent . The original Whitgift School there had moved to Haling Park, South Croydon in the 1930s; the replacement school on the site, Whitgift Middle School, now the Trinity School of John Whitgift , moved to Shirley Park in the 1960s, when the buildings were demolished. Croydon, in common with many other areas , was hit by extensive rioting in August 2011. Reeves , an historic furniture store established in 1867, that gave its name to
16896-517: Was originally built as Addington Place in the 16th century. The palace became the official second residence of six archbishops, five of whom are buried in St Mary's Church and churchyard nearby. North End is the main pedestrianised shopping road in Croydon, having Centrale to one side and the Whitgift Centre to the other. The Warehouse Theatre is a popular theatre for mostly young performers and
17028-457: Was perhaps as controversial as the administrative building Bernard Weatherill House opened for occupation in 2013 and reputed to have cost £220,000,000. The early 19th century building was known initially as "Courthouse" as, like its predecessor and successor, the local court met there. The building stood on the western side of the High Street near to the junction with Surrey Street, the location of
17160-488: Was superseded as the main airport by both London Heathrow and London Gatwick Airport (see below). The air terminal, now known as Airport House, has been restored, and has a hotel and museum in it. In the late 1950s and through the 1960s the council commercialised the centre of Croydon with massive development of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre which was formerly the biggest in-town shopping centre in Europe. The centre
17292-408: Was the operating base for Imperial Airways . It was partly due to the airport that Croydon suffered heavy bomb damage during World War II. As aviation technology progressed, however, and aircraft became larger and more numerous, it was recognised in 1952 that the airport would be too small to cope with the ever-increasing volume of air traffic. The last scheduled flight departed on 30 September 1959. It
17424-410: Was transferred from Surrey to Greater London to become one of the 32 London boroughs. The Farleigh area was removed from the borough in 1969 and transferred back to Surrey, becoming part of the parish of Chelsham and Farleigh . The borough council has unsuccessfully applied for city status on several occasions: in 1965, 1977, 1992, 2000, 2002, and 2012. If it had been successful, it would have been
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