106-778: Punta Alta is a city in Argentina , about 25 kilometers southeast of Bahía Blanca . It has a population of 57,293. It is the capital ("cabecera") of the Coronel Rosales Partido . It was founded on 2 July 1898. The city is located near the Atlantic Ocean , neighbouring the Port Belgrano Naval Base , which is home to the Argentine Naval fleet. The activities revolve around the Puerto Belgrano Naval Base,
212-470: A "sort of stay" that had been given to Francisco Ancalao in October 1866, while Linares, under the command of Don Fernando, did own in the places next to the current defense batteries. There they remained until they started construction of Puerto Militar, when they were evicted without hesitation. In 1910 Rafael Ancalao was reported that, along with its people, should vacate the nearly 5000 acres belonging to him as
318-588: A certain Viola, who remained there until 1938, when it was evicted by a court order such lands have been sold to Mr. Marcio Canarelli circa 1926. Since then Fermin tried by all means to reconquer their property by addressing a letter to the President of the country himself General Edelmiro Farrel. Other documents that had to prove their possession was a letter from the engineer A. Nieburth, Diks company, Dates & Van Hattem, builder of Puerto Militar, who had been responsible for
424-643: A clandestine organization. José López Rega organized the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (AAA) to fight against them and the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP). Perón died in July 1974 and was succeeded by his wife, who signed a secret decree empowering the military and the police to "annihilate" the left-wing subversion, stopping ERP's attempt to start a rural insurgence in Tucumán province. Isabel Perón
530-667: A critical role in the party, died of cancer in 1952. As the economy continued to tank, Perón started losing popular support, and came to be seen as a threat to the national process. The Navy took advantage of Perón's withering political power, and bombed the Plaza de Mayo in 1955. Perón survived the attack, but a few months later, during the Liberating Revolution coup, he was deposed and went into exile in Spain. The new head of State, Pedro Eugenio Aramburu , proscribed Peronism and banned
636-407: A fierce close combat, hostile indigenous forces ceded. It was the first time Calfucurá was defeated. His reaction to such humiliation was immediate. On the morning of May 9, 1859 three thousand spearmen, under the orders of Calfucurá, Catricurá, Antemil and Cañumil, attacked the fort of Bahia Blanca, breaking into a runaway gallop by current and Zelarrayán Estomba streets toward the plaza. They gave him
742-458: A final heart attack on Monday, 1 July 1974, and died at 13:15. He was 78 years old. After his death, Isabel Perón , his wife and vice president, succeeded him in office. During her presidency, a military junta, along with the Peronists' far-right fascist faction, once again became the de facto head of state . Isabel Perón served as President of Argentina from 1974 until 1976, when she was ousted by
848-489: A force called "Operation Southern Army" composed of two divisions. The first was for the Fort Independence (Tandil today) and the second to Fortress Protective Argentina, forming part of the cacique Ancalao Francisco, with its 46 guys went to fight. In February 1858 the army camped on the headwaters of the stream Pigüé. Not far away, downstream, Calfucurá readied their spears 1500. The fighting lasted for two days, and after
954-547: A left-wing Peronist, who took office on 25 May 1973. A month later, in June, Perón returned from Spain. One of Cámpora's first presidential actions was to grant amnesty to members of organizations that had carried out political assassinations and terrorist attacks, and to those who had been tried and sentenced to prison by judges. Cámpora's months-long tenure in government was beset by political and social unrest. Over 600 social conflicts, strikes , and factory occupations took place within
1060-718: A military coup d'état led by General Arturo Rawson toppled the democratically elected government of Ramón Castillo . Under pressure from the United States, later Argentina declared war on the Axis Powers (on 27 March 1945, roughly a month before the end of World War II in Europe ). During the Rawson dictatorship a relatively unknown military colonel named Juan Perón was named head of the Labour Department. Perón quickly managed to climb
1166-696: A month later, at age 80. 88.1 Radio Rosales 88.9 FM Argentina 90.9 NQP Radio (Repetidora de Comodoro Rivadavia) 91.7 Radio 10 Punta Alta 93.7 FM El Indio 94.1 Radio Rivadavia (Repetidora de Capital Federal) 96.1 Fm Sensación 96.9 Radio Activa 97.5 Radio Mega 98.1 FM La Brújula (Repetidora de Bahía Blanca) 98.5 La 100 (Repetidora de Capital Federal) 99.7 FM Iglesia Evangelista 100.1 FM del Mar 102.5 Radio 2001 Punta Alta 103.3 De la costa radio 103.7 FM Centenario 104.1 FM Kairos (Iglesia Evangelista) 106.5 FM de Punta The most practiced sports are football and basketball. But it
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#17328696977431272-475: A presidential decree settled the country's name as "Argentine Republic", and that year's constitutional amendment ruled all the names since 1810 as legally valid. In English , the country was traditionally called "the Argentine", mimicking the typical Spanish usage la Argentina and perhaps resulting from a mistaken shortening of the fuller name 'Argentine Republic'. 'The Argentine' fell out of fashion during
1378-603: A proposal known as the Inca plan of 1816, which proposed that the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (Present Argentina) should be a monarchy, led by a descendant of the Inca . Juan Bautista Túpac Amaru (half-brother of Túpac Amaru II ) was proposed as monarch. Some examples of those who supported this proposal were Manuel Belgrano , José de San Martín and Martín Miguel de Güemes . The Congress of Tucumán finally decided to reject
1484-610: A second term . With the economy beginning to decline in 1995, and with increasing unemployment and recession, the UCR, led by Fernando de la Rúa , returned to the presidency in the 1999 elections . De la Rúa left Menem's economic plan in effect despite the worsening crisis, which led to growing social discontent. Massive capital flight from the country was responded to with a freezing of bank accounts , generating further turmoil. The December 2001 riots forced him to resign. Congress appointed Eduardo Duhalde as acting president, who revoked
1590-462: A single month. Even though far-left terrorist organisations had suspended their armed struggle, their joining with the participatory democracy process was interpreted as a direct threat by the Peronist right-wing faction. Amid a state of political, social, and economic upheaval, Cámpora and Vice President Vicente Solano Lima resigned in July 1973, calling for new elections, but this time with Perón as
1696-414: A system of social assistance for the most vulnerable sectors of society. The economy began to decline in 1950 due in part to government expenditures and the protectionist economic policies. He also engaged in a campaign of political suppression. Anyone who was perceived to be a political dissident or potential rival was subject to threats, physical violence and harassment. The Argentine intelligentsia ,
1802-538: Is plateado and prateado , although argento for 'silver' and argentado for 'covered in silver' exist in Spanish. Argentina was first associated with the silver mountains legend , widespread among the first European explorers of the La Plata Basin . The first written use of the name in Spanish can be traced to La Argentina , a 1602 poem by Martín del Barco Centenera describing the region. Although "Argentina"
1908-649: Is Octavio Owner who is currently in the first division club Deportivo San Francisco de Bahia Blanca. In 2010 he debuted as head coach of the women's branch, in the category of that club training. In 2010 there is a very advanced project to found Rosalena Handball Association, it is estimated that with the creation of this association Rosaleños clubs to drive the young Handball. Municipal information : Municipal Affairs Federal Institute (IFAM), Municipal Affairs Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Argentina. (in Spanish) Argentina Argentina , officially
2014-524: Is a regional power , and retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs. A major non-NATO ally of the United States, Argentina is a developing country with the second-highest HDI (human development index) in Latin America after Chile . It maintains the second-largest economy in South America, and is a member of G-15 and G20 . Argentina is also a founding member of
2120-699: Is also possible to practice other sports such as swimming, karate, tennis and horse riding (in the Ponderosa and Puerto Belgrano), fishing, volleyball, rugby, hockey, motocross, speedway, midget, karting, athletics, bocce and besides the COM (Circle Officers Mar) is practiva bowling. Punta Alta has two professional football clubs, members of the Southern League (BB): There is not currently any club in Punta Alta that competes professionally. The highlight of this sports discipline
2226-484: Is now Patagonia and Roman village park. Alerted, the garrison commander Lt. Col. Jose Llano alongside some armed neighbors Francisco Ancalao Lancers, the height reached the hamlet of Arroyo couple, near Punta Alta, thwarting the assault and recovering the estates. Before the attempted robbery, Calfucurá planned a new attack, entrusting his son Namuncurá. Under the plan devised, the town of Bahia Blanca would be looted by about 2,000 Indians, led by Manuel Suarez deserter. But at
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#17328696977432332-419: Is one of the cultural riches of Punta Alta, where residents coexist provincial centers, in addition to Spanish and Italian companies. The human development indices are good. The illiteracy rate is only 0.68%. The 85.85% of the population lives in houses of strong materials and solid, with all the insulation and finish and only 0.59% live in homes built with materials or solid waste. 81% of households have access to
2438-618: The Cordobazo and the Rosariazo . The terrorist guerrilla organization Montoneros kidnapped and executed Aramburu. The newly chosen head of government, Alejandro Agustín Lanusse , seeking to ease the growing political pressure, allowed Héctor José Cámpora to become the Peronist candidate instead of Perón. Cámpora won the March 1973 election , issued pardons for condemned guerrilla members, and then secured Perón's return from his exile in Spain. On
2544-608: The Argentine Republic , is a country in the southern half of South America . Argentina covers an area of 2,780,400 km (1,073,500 sq mi), making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil , the fourth-largest country in the Americas , and the eighth-largest country in the world. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to
2650-614: The Bombing of Plaza de Mayo in 1955. The Trelew massacre of 1972, the actions of the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance commencing in 1973, and Isabel Perón 's "annihilation decrees" against left-wing guerrillas during Operativo Independencia (Operation Independence) in 1975, are also possible events signaling the beginning of the Dirty War. Onganía shut down Congress, banned all political parties, and dismantled student and worker unions. In 1969, popular discontent led to two massive protests:
2756-710: The Centralists and the Federalists —a move that would define Argentina's first decades of independence. The Assembly of the Year XIII appointed Gervasio Antonio de Posadas as Argentina's first Supreme Director . On 9 July 1816, the Congress of Tucumán formalized the Declaration of Independence , which is now celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday. One year later General Martín Miguel de Güemes stopped royalists on
2862-685: The Charrúa , Minuane and Guaraní in the northeast, with slash and burn semisedentary existence; the advanced Diaguita sedentary trading culture in the northwest, which was conquered by the Inca Empire around 1480; the Toconoté and Hênîa and Kâmîare in the country's centre, and the Huarpe in the centre-west, a culture that raised llama cattle and was strongly influenced by the Incas. Europeans first arrived in
2968-785: The Falkland Islands , South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands , the Southern Patagonian Ice Field , and a part of Antarctica . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century. Argentina rose as
3074-515: The Laborioust candidate. The Labour Party (later renamed Justicialist Party ), the most powerful and influential party in Argentine history, came into power with the rise of Juan Perón to the presidency in 1946. He nationalized strategic industries and services, improved wages and working conditions, paid the full external debt and claimed he achieved nearly full employment . He pushed Congress to enact women's suffrage in 1947, and developed
3180-500: The Macri Government introduced neoliberal austerity measures intended to tackle inflation and overblown public deficits. Under Macri's administration, economic recovery remained elusive with GDP shrinking 3.4%, inflation totaling 240%, billions of US dollars issued in sovereign debt, and mass poverty increasing by the end of his term. He ran for re-election in 2019 but lost by nearly eight percentage points to Alberto Fernández ,
3286-507: The Southern Cone . The Dirty War involved state terrorism in Argentina and elsewhere in the Southern Cone against political dissidents, with military and security forces employing urban and rural violence against left-wing guerrillas, political dissidents, and anyone believed to be associated with socialism or somehow contrary to the neoliberal economic policies of the regime. Victims of
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3392-720: The United Nations , World Bank , World Trade Organization , Mercosur , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the Organization of Ibero-American States . The description of the region by the word Argentina has been found on a Venetian map in 1536. In English, the name Argentina comes from the Spanish language ; however, the naming itself is not Spanish, but Italian . Argentina ( masculine argentino ) means in Italian '(made) of silver, silver coloured', derived from
3498-645: The absolutist monarchy that ruled the country. As in the rest of Spanish America, the overthrow of Ferdinand VII during the Peninsular War created great concern. Beginning a process from which Argentina was to emerge as successor state to the Viceroyalty, the 1810 May Revolution replaced the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros with the First Junta , a new government in Buenos Aires made up from locals. In
3604-509: The neo-Keynesian economic policies laid by Duhalde, Kirchner ended the economic crisis attaining significant fiscal and trade surpluses, and rapid GDP growth. Under his administration, Argentina restructured its defaulted debt with an unprecedented discount of about 70% on most bonds, paid off debts with the International Monetary Fund , purged the military of officers with dubious human rights records, nullified and voided
3710-521: The 1916 election . He enacted social and economic reforms and extended assistance to small farms and businesses. Argentina stayed neutral during World War I . The second administration of Yrigoyen faced an economic crisis, precipitated by the Great Depression . In 1930, Yrigoyen was ousted from power by the military led by José Félix Uriburu . Although Argentina remained among the fifteen richest countries until mid-century, this coup d'état marks
3816-529: The Falkland Islands . The United Kingdom dispatched a task force to regain possession. Argentina surrendered on 14 June and its forces were taken home. Street riots in Buenos Aires followed the humiliating defeat and the military leadership stood down. Reynaldo Bignone replaced Galtieri and began to organize the transition to democratic governance. Raúl Alfonsín won the 1983 elections campaigning for
3922-531: The Full Stop and Due Obedience laws, ruled them as unconstitutional, and resumed legal prosecution of the Junta's crimes. He did not run for reelection, promoting instead the candidacy of his wife, senator Cristina Fernández de Kirchner , who was elected in 2007 and reelected in 2011 . Fernández de Kirchner's administration established positive foreign relations with countries such as Venezuela, Iran, and Cuba, while at
4028-642: The Government of the Province of Buenos Aires had sold the Raggio Miguel Carneiro. Thus on 4 May 1912 began the exodus of these people, with their families, working cattle and implements, heading Baggins in the province of Black River, where he lived Ancalao Simeon, Rafael nephew, who had been agree with the Governor of that province provisional granting some land to settle. However, a member of that group remained in
4134-653: The Inca plan, creating instead a republican, centralist state. The 1820 Battle of Cepeda , fought between the Centralists and the Federalists, resulted in the end of the Supreme Director rule . In 1826 Buenos Aires enacted another centralist constitution , with Bernardino Rivadavia being appointed as the first president of the country. However, the interior provinces soon rose against him, forced his resignation and discarded
4240-535: The Indian Auxiliary Force Fortress, stood out in the performance of their duties. Finally, in January 1871 he died, leaving a service record filled with acts of heroism in the service of civilization, leading his people in scores of battles. In recognition, his remains were buried in the village cemetery, in a Christian land, located in the present place Enrique Pellegrini of Bahia Blanca. however, provoked
4346-721: The Justicialist Party candidate. President Alberto Fernández and Vice President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner took office in December 2019, just months before the COVID-19 pandemic hit Argentina and among accusations of corruption , bribery and misuse of public funds during Nestor and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's presidencies . On 14 November 2021, the center-left coalition of Argentina's ruling Peronist party, Frente de Todos (Front for Everyone), lost its majority in Congress, for
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4452-546: The Justicialist Party nominee. Perón won the election with his wife Isabel Perón as vice president. Perón's third term was marked by escalating conflict between left and right-wing factions within the Peronist party, as well as the return of armed terror guerrilla groups such as the Guevarist ERP , leftist Peronist Montoneros , and the state-backed far-right Triple A . After a series of heart attacks and signs of pneumonia in 1974, Perón's health deteriorated quickly. He suffered
4558-501: The Latin argentum for silver. In Italian, the adjective or the proper noun is often used in an autonomous way as a substantive and replaces it and it is said l'Argentina . The name Argentina was probably first given by the Venetian and Genoese navigators, such as Giovanni Caboto . In Spanish and Portuguese, the words for 'silver' are respectively plata and prata and '(made) of silver'
4664-536: The Peronist Carlos Menem won the 1989 election . Soon after, riots forced Alfonsín to an early resignation . Menem embraced and enacted neoliberal policies: a fixed exchange rate , business deregulation , privatizations , and the dismantling of protectionist barriers normalized the economy in the short term. He pardoned the officers who had been sentenced during Alfonsín's government. The 1994 Constitutional Amendment allowed Menem to be elected for
4770-488: The United States government during the Johnson , Nixon , Ford , Carter , and Reagan administrations. The exact chronology of the repression is still debated, yet the roots of the long political war may have started in 1969 when trade unionists were targeted for assassination by Peronist and Marxist paramilitaries. Individual cases of state-sponsored terrorism against Peronism and the left can be traced back even further to
4876-562: The United States'—led to a near-reinvention of Argentine society and economy that by 1908 had placed the country as the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world. Driven by this immigration wave and decreasing mortality, the Argentine population grew fivefold and the economy 15-fold: from 1870 to 1910, Argentina's wheat exports went from 100,000 to 2,500,000 t (110,000 to 2,760,000 short tons) per year, while frozen beef exports increased from 25,000 to 365,000 t (28,000 to 402,000 short tons) per year, placing Argentina as one of
4982-398: The allegiance of escaped Filipinos in San Blas who defected from the Spanish to join the Argentine navy, due to common Argentine and Philippine grievances against Spanish colonization. Jose de San Martin's brother, Juan Fermín de San Martín , was already in the Philippines and drumming up revolutionary fervor prior to this. At a later date, the Argentine sign of Inca origin, the Sun of May
5088-458: The attacks of the Araucanians and ensure turn, trade in goods with Christians. Thus, the Ancalao and Linares, as "Indian friends" of Bahia Blanca, contributed their guys went both strong defense in punitive actions, highlighting those carried out in 1857 against the people of Calfucurá that grouped Indigenous Confederation in Pampa, threatened them permanently. At that time, General José Martínez Zapiola, War Minister of State of Buenos Aires, organized
5194-400: The border, and the appropriation of the indigenous territories. The first conquest consisted of a series of military incursions into the Pampa and Patagonian territories dominated by the indigenous peoples, distributing them among the members of the Sociedad Rural Argentina , financiers of the expeditions. The conquest of Chaco lasted up to the end of the century, since its full ownership of
5300-404: The boundary, as already stated, and militarily aiding the regular garrison of the fort. The implementation of the "modus vivendi" between whites and Indians was due to several factors. For the Strength Protection Argentina, long distances to other towns and irregular communication and transportation, made friendly coexistence and trade with the Indians was of vital importance for the maintenance of
5406-400: The city center), called to be the largest grain port in South America. Designed by Mr. Abel Julien Pagnard, the works began in early 1912. But after World War froze construction and enabled only part of the picture projected. It was nationalized in December 1947 by the first government of Perón and Puerto Rosales called him, in memory of the eponymous naval hero of the match. Today the revival of
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#17328696977435512-444: The constitution. Centralists and Federalists resumed the civil war; the latter prevailed and formed the Argentine Confederation in 1831, led by Juan Manuel de Rosas . During his regime he faced a French blockade (1838–1840), the War of the Confederation (1836–1839), and an Anglo-French blockade (1845–1850), but remained undefeated and prevented further loss of national territory. His trade restriction policies, however, angered
5618-437: The country was slow to meet its original goals of industrialization: after the steep development of capital-intensive local industries in the 1920s, a significant part of the manufacturing sector remained labour-intensive in the 1930s. Between 1878 and 1884, the so-called Conquest of the Desert occurred, with the purpose of tripling the Argentine territory by means of the constant confrontations between natives and Criollos in
5724-407: The day Perón returned to Argentina, the clash between Peronist internal factions— right-wing union leaders and left-wing youth from the Montoneros—resulted in the Ezeiza Massacre . Overwhelmed by political violence, Cámpora resigned and Perón won the following September 1973 election with his third wife Isabel as vice-president. He expelled Montoneros from the party and they became once again
5830-462: The death of President Juan Perón in 1974, his widow and vice president, Isabel Perón , ascended to the presidency, before being overthrown in 1976 . The following military junta , which was supported by the United States , persecuted and murdered thousands of political critics, activists, and leftists in the Dirty War , a period of state terrorism and civil unrest that lasted until the election of Raúl Alfonsín as president in 1983 . Argentina
5936-402: The development of pottery , such as the Selk'nam and Yaghan in the extreme south. The second group are advanced hunters and food gatherers which include the Puelche , Querandí and Serranos in the centre-east; and the Tehuelche in the south—all of them conquered by the Mapuche spreading from Chile —and the Kom and Wichi in the north. The last group are farmers with pottery, such as
6042-481: The factories of the Naval Base until he retired in 1941. "I'm the first Indian Base retired," said Fermin proud, whose only privilege had been able to enter the naval complex horse. Already blind old man, died on May 18, 1959. The Indian Fermin remained forever in the memory of puntaltenses, especially those who knew him, as Mabel Leon, who rescued these memories: The fine was the scrape of samba and even voice had almost equally finite sang her little voice and melodious. It
6148-404: The first ballotage in Argentina's history, beating Front for Victory candidate Daniel Scioli and becoming president-elect. Macri was the first democratically elected non- peronist president since 1916 that managed to complete his term in office without being overthrown. He took office on 10 December 2015 and inherited an economy with a high inflation rate and in a poor shape. In April 2016,
6254-415: The first clashes of the Independence War the Junta crushed a royalist counter-revolution in Córdoba , but failed to overcome those of the Banda Oriental , Upper Peru and Paraguay , which later became independent states. The French-Argentine Hippolyte Bouchard then brought his fleet to wage war against Spain overseas and attacked Spanish California , Spanish Peru and Spanish Philippines . He secured
6360-439: The first time in almost 40 years, in midterm legislative elections . The election victory of the center-right coalition, Juntos por el Cambio (Together for Change) limited President Alberto Fernandez's power during his final two years in office. Losing control of the Senate made it difficult for him to make key appointments, including to the judiciary. It also forced him to negotiate with the opposition every initiative he sends to
6466-424: The fixed exchange rate established by Menem, causing many working- and middle-class Argentines to lose a significant portion of their savings. By late 2002, the economic crisis began to recede, but the assassination of two piqueteros by the police caused political unrest, prompting Duhalde to move elections forward. Néstor Kirchner was elected as the new president . On 26 May 2003, he was sworn in. Boosting
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#17328696977436572-435: The fort. We must also consider the indigenous ethnic relations, where the Araucanians, established in the Andes and foothills, constantly pressuring groups established in the pampas of Argentina to join their attacks on farms and forts. But these, in territories bordering on the border, were the hardest hit occurs when a retaliation by the white settler, so they were likely to establish a peaceful relationship in order to ward off
6678-435: The government after elected labour movement officials were forcefully replaced by Peronist puppets from the Peronist Party . Reyes was soon arrested on charges of terrorism, though the allegations were never substantiated. Reyes, who was never formally charged, was tortured in prison for five years and only released after the regime's downfall in 1955. Perón managed to get re-elected in 1951 . His wife Eva Perón , who played
6784-422: The honors due to his military hierarchy. After the death of that cacique, people Ancalao Rafael remained in command of his son. A few years remained near Bahia Blanca, because according to J. Plubins Guardiola, in the early 80s were eradicated bahiense ejido, citing health reasons since the outbreak of typhus unleashed by that time. Were established, then, in the fields next to City Atlantis and Arroyo couple, in
6890-434: The insistent questions about the flashy and loud by some Indian traders from the Salinas Grandes, although this is not listened. However, their performance during strong defense earned him the appointment of Sergeant Major for the Superior Government of Buenos Aires, on January 21, 1860. Ten years later, the hosts of Calfucurá again attacked Bahía Blanca, herding, in late August 1870, a thousand head of cattle that grazed in what
6996-448: The interior provinces and in 1852 Justo José de Urquiza , another powerful caudillo , beat him out of power . As the new president of the Confederation, Urquiza enacted the liberal and federal 1853 Constitution. Buenos Aires seceded but was forced back into the Confederation after being defeated in the 1859 Battle of Cepeda . Overpowering Urquiza in the 1861 Battle of Pavón , Bartolomé Mitre secured Buenos Aires' predominance and
7102-476: The lands he considered his. Fermín González Ancalao was then known simply as "the Indian Fermin". He was born in Tres Arroyos, about 1873, the son of Hermenegildo González and Petrona Ancalao, this daughter of Francisco Rafael Ancalao and sister. Very probably, in 1900 or before Fermin occupied lands now known as "island Cantarelli", until in 1916 he began working at the Naval Base as a laborer Workshops Division and moved to town. He left in charge of his possessions to
7208-399: The largest of Argentina. In it, in addition to tasks related to the strict military services are developed to provide Sea Fleet Navy Argentina and work for others, standing naval activity in the dry docks. However, in the early twentieth century, tended to diversify the economy. Punta Alta was the seat of important investments especially from France. In 1903 a railway was concessioned to connect
7314-410: The last moment, when people already skirted the Arroyo Namuncurá Napostá, Suárez regretted his action and warned of the impending invasion Ancalao Francisco, who quickly informed of the danger to the Commander Jose Llano. The trumpet and cannon fire called action stations and convinced Namuncurá abort the plan, for the loud and would not be an easy target. Again, Ancalao Francisco, as commander in chief of
7420-459: The layout of the Strategic Railway line called, between Punta Alta and batteries. In that document, the engineer pointed out that during the task had used voluntary aid only occupant of the field, the Indian Fermin, and had even set a landmark for orientation of his staff named FERMIN, seated with the toponymy at the officers. However, despite those statements and documents submitted, Fermin did not recover their possessions. He spent his life working in
7526-447: The left-wing. By the end of 1976, the Montoneros had lost nearly 2,000 members and by 1977, the ERP was completely subdued. Nevertheless, the severely weakened Montoneros launched a counterattack in 1979, which was quickly put down, effectively ending the guerrilla threat and securing the junta's position in power. In March 1982, an Argentine force took control of the British territory of South Georgia and, on 2 April, Argentina invaded
7632-573: The mid-to-late 20th century, and now the country is referred to as "Argentina". The earliest traces of human life in the area now known as Argentina are dated from the Paleolithic period, with further traces in the Mesolithic and Neolithic . Until the period of European colonization, Argentina was relatively sparsely populated by a wide number of diverse cultures with different social organizations, which can be divided into three main groups. The first group are basic hunters and food gatherers without
7738-418: The middle-class, university students, and professors were seen as particularly troublesome. Perón fired over 2,000 university professors and faculty members from all major public education institutions. Perón tried to bring most trade and labour unions under his thumb, regularly resorting to violence when needed. For instance, the meat-packers union leader, Cipriano Reyes , organized strikes in protest against
7844-408: The military. Her short presidency was marked by the collapse of Argentine political and social systems, leading to a constitutional crisis that paved the way for a decade of instability, left-wing terrorist guerrilla attacks, and state-sponsored terrorism. The "Dirty War" (Spanish: Guerra Sucia ) was part of Operation Condor , which included the participation of other right-wing dictatorships in
7950-408: The most important in the country. In the census 1980 it was listed with 56,620 inhabitants. For the 1991 census there was a mild decline to 56,427 residents and 57,296 inhabitants (INDEC, 2001) 0.2 Population growth is stagnating in the negative until 1991. With the 2001 census was perceived a slight improvement, but it would continue in the next census. The 2010 census showed an increase of only 1% of
8056-498: The national economic system only took place when the mere extraction of wood and tannin was replaced by the production of cotton . The Argentine government considered indigenous people as inferior beings, without the same rights as Criollos and Europeans. In 1912, President Roque Sáenz Peña enacted universal and secret male suffrage , which allowed Hipólito Yrigoyen , leader of the Radical Civic Union (or UCR), to win
8162-556: The north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces , and one autonomous city , which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over
8268-496: The north, and General José de San Martín . He joined Bernardo O'Higgins and they led a combined army across the Andes and secured the independence of Chile; then it was sent by O'Higgins orders to the Spanish stronghold of Lima and proclaimed the independence of Peru . In 1819 Buenos Aires enacted a centralist constitution that was soon abrogated by federalists. Some of the most important figures of Argentine independence made
8374-515: The others were boroga descent. The latter, led by cacique Coñhuepán Venancio, had arrived in the area around 1827, accompanied by Colonel Ramon Estomba as auxiliary forces in the founding of the Fort Protective Argentina (now city of Bahía Blanca), settling in the vicinity of the present village Romana, near the cemetery and Napostá Arroyo. From the beginning, along with Linares, were considered "friendly Indians", settling permanently within
8480-445: The party from any future elections. Arturo Frondizi from the UCR won the 1958 general election . He encouraged investment to achieve energetic and industrial self-sufficiency, reversed a chronic trade deficit and lifted the ban on Peronism; yet his efforts to stay on good terms with both the Peronists and the military earned him the rejection of both and a new coup forced him out. Amidst
8586-482: The place that he could legitimately claim to be the illegitimate son of this land. Regarding Linares, the other Indians settled in the area, progress was also away from his natural possession of the land to the far corners. Mariano Linares, son of Fernando Linares, entered the campus staff Bahía Blanca Commune in 1910, serving as serene and caretaker of the square. After 25 years of service, in March 1936 he retired to die just
8692-417: The political ladder, being named Minister of Defence by 1944. Being perceived as a political threat by rivals in the military and the conservative camp, he was forced to resign in 1945, and was arrested days later. He was finally released under mounting pressure from both his base and several allied unions. He would later become president after a landslide victory over the UCR in the 1946 general election as
8798-414: The political turmoil, Senate leader José María Guido reacted swiftly and applied anti- power vacuum legislation, ascending to the presidency himself; elections were repealed and Peronism was prohibited once again. Arturo Illia was elected in 1963 and led an increase in prosperity across the board; however he was overthrown in 1966 by another military coup d'état led by General Juan Carlos Onganía in
8904-500: The population, counting 31,400 women and 30,200 men. Punta Alta welcomed residents of all provinces along its history, who settled on a base population consisting mostly of European immigrants (mainly Italians and also a large number of Spanish and European north and east). An example of this phenomenon of immigration as are the more than 8,000 Jujuy and Salta former residents currently living in this city and many more from other provinces, mainly in northern Argentina. Such ethnic diversity
9010-473: The port along with the launch of the free zone-Colonel Bahía Blanca Rosales is a certain hope of the city's economic takeoff. Also noteworthy is that Punta Alta is proud to be the city where he founded the first Electric Cooperative Argentina (1927), which still operates providing electric power to the district. Local Electric Cooperative has electricity turbines, which are the Centennial Wind Farm, one of
9116-580: The port of Rosario to Punta Alta, which is already projected a grain shipping terminal. He trained in Paris the Compagnie du Chemin de Fer de Rosario Puerto Belgrano (Railroad Company Rosario Puerto Belgrano), with the participation of large lenders, including Bank Paribas. The railway line was inaugurated in December 1910. With French capital began to build a commercial port at the mouth of the Arroyo couple (2 km from
9222-604: The prosecution of those responsible for human rights violations during the Proceso : the Trial of the Juntas and other martial courts sentenced all the coup's leaders but, under military pressure, he also enacted the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws, which halted prosecutions further down the chain of command . The worsening economic crisis and hyperinflation reduced his popular support and
9328-602: The reaction of the parish priest, who demanded Dr. Sixto Laspiur, President of the Municipality, the immediate burial of the remains as they otherwise would be declared to the cemetery desecrated. Given this delicate situation, the matter was submitted to a third party, officiating as such the Head of the South Coast Division, Lieutenant Colonel Domingo Viejobueno, who ordered that the remains had been buried where he remained, with
9434-551: The region with the 1502 voyage of Amerigo Vespucci . The Spanish navigators Juan Díaz de Solís and Sebastian Cabot visited the territory that is now Argentina in 1516 and 1526, respectively. In 1536 Pedro de Mendoza founded the small settlement of Buenos Aires , which was abandoned in 1541. Further colonization efforts came from Paraguay —establishing the Governorate of the Río de la Plata — Peru and Chile. Francisco de Aguirre founded Santiago del Estero in 1553. Londres
9540-606: The same time relations with the United States and the United Kingdom became increasingly strained. By 2015, the Argentine GDP grew by 2.7% and real incomes had risen over 50% since the post-Menem era. Despite these economic gains and increased renewable energy production and subsidies, the overall economy had been sluggish since 2011. On 22 November 2015, after a tie in the first round of presidential elections on 25 October , center-right coalition candidate Mauricio Macri won
9646-512: The self-proclaimed Argentine Revolution , creating a new military government that sought to rule indefinitely. Following several years of military rule, Alejandro Agustín Lanusse was appointed president by the military junta in 1971. Under increasing political pressure for the return of democracy, Lanusse called for elections in 1973. Perón was banned from running but the Peronist party was allowed to participate. The presidential elections were won by Perón's surrogate candidate, Hector Cámpora ,
9752-588: The sewer. Is estimated at 15.8% of population with unsatisfied basic needs. When the national government promoted in the late nineteenth century, the construction of the military port, the White Bay area and promptly fields next to what is now Punta Alta and Puerto Belgrano Naval Base were occupied mostly by two aboriginal groups in peaceful coexistence with a few white settlers. Were Linares and Ancalao, belonging, according to J. O. Sulé, two different ethnic biases. The first were of Pehuenche or guenaken or mestizo, while
9858-549: The silver and gold mines in Bolivia and Peru, and as such it became part of the Viceroyalty of Peru until the creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776 with Buenos Aires as its capital. Buenos Aires repelled two ill-fated British invasions in 1806 and 1807. The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment and the example of the first Atlantic Revolutions generated criticism of
9964-434: The start of the steady economic and social decline that pushed the country back into underdevelopment. Uriburu ruled for two years; then Agustín Pedro Justo was elected in a fraudulent election , and signed a controversial treaty with the United Kingdom . Argentina stayed neutral during World War II , a decision that had full British support but was rejected by the United States after the attack on Pearl Harbor . In 1943
10070-532: The strength to fight the Indians auxiliary forces under the command of Francisco Ancalao, along with the Italian Military Legion and numerous armed civilians. When the sun rose there was no trace of the invaders, pursued by stronger forces were scattered throughout the desert. That unfortunate event could have been avoided and that days before had alerted Francisco Ancalao his boss, Lt. Col. Olegario Orquera, on
10176-503: The successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The declaration and fight for independence (1810–1818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , influencing its culture and demography . Following
10282-433: The time was not yet paved. He lived over a hundred years, although he could not say exactly because they possessed documentation. Completely blind, many years nursed a lady with whom he married in a ceremony attended by many people who are glad of heart for this event. The Indian Fermín is a mythical character of Punta Alta, unknown to many and valued by all who knew him. It had its own history of raids and battles in defense of
10388-450: The violence in Argentina alone included an estimated 15,000 to 30,000 left-wing activists and militants, including trade unionists, students, journalists, Marxists , Peronist guerrillas , and alleged sympathizers. Most of the victims were casualties of state terrorism . The opposing guerrillas' victims numbered nearly 500–540 military and police officials and up to 230 civilians. Argentina received technical support and military aid from
10494-510: The world's top five exporters. Its railway mileage rose from 503 to 31,104 km (313 to 19,327 mi). Fostered by a new public, compulsory, free and secular education system, literacy quickly increased from 22% to 65%, a level higher than most Latin American nations would reach even fifty years later. Furthermore, real GDP grew so fast that despite the huge immigration influx, per capita income between 1862 and 1920 went from 67% of developed country levels to 100%: In 1865, Argentina
10600-572: Was adopted as a symbol by the Filipinos in the Philippine Revolution against Spain. He also secured the diplomatic recognition of Argentina from King Kamehameha I of the Kingdom of Hawaii . Historian Pacho O'Donnell affirms that Hawaii was the first state that recognized Argentina's independence. He was finally arrested in 1819 by Chilean patriots. Revolutionaries split into two antagonist groups:
10706-561: Was already in common usage by the 18th century, the country was formally named " Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata " by the Spanish Empire , and " United Provinces of the Río de la Plata " after independence. The 1826 constitution included the first use of the name "Argentine Republic" in legal documents. The name "Argentine Confederation" was also commonly used and was formalized in the Argentine Constitution of 1853 . In 1860
10812-467: Was already one of the top 25 nations by per capita income. By 1908, it had surpassed Denmark, Canada and the Netherlands to reach 7th place—behind Switzerland, New Zealand, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Belgium. Argentina's per capita income was 70% higher than Italy's, 90% higher than Spain's, 180% higher than Japan's and 400% higher than Brazil 's. Despite these unique achievements,
10918-404: Was elected as the first president of the reunified country. He was followed by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and Nicolás Avellaneda ; these three presidencies set up the basis of the modern Argentine State. Starting with Julio Argentino Roca in 1880, ten consecutive federal governments emphasized liberal economic policies . The massive wave of European immigration they promoted—second only to
11024-413: Was founded in 1558; Mendoza , in 1561; San Juan , in 1562; San Miguel de Tucumán , in 1565. Juan de Garay founded Santa Fe in 1573 and the same year Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera set up Córdoba . Garay went further south to re-found Buenos Aires in 1580. San Luis was established in 1596. The Spanish Empire subordinated the economic potential of the Argentine territory to the immediate wealth of
11130-579: Was ousted one year later by a junta of the combined armed forces, led by army general Jorge Rafael Videla . They initiated the National Reorganization Process , often shortened to Proceso . The Proceso shut down Congress, removed the judges on the Supreme Court, banned political parties and unions, and resorted to employing the forced disappearance of suspected guerrilla members including individuals suspected of being associated with
11236-462: Was very emotional, not at all shy and had integrated perfectly white. Not so his father who died fighting to defend their land and refusing to be part of this civilization. I remember the Indian Fermin completely short, very crooked, high cheekbones and wearing round glasses and a small. He always wore a hat very old, and with his guitar arratonado shoulder riding ran everywhere in Punta Alta, which at
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