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44-594: In 1991, Doug Tompkins bought a large, semi-abandoned plot of land in the Reñihue River Valley of the Chilean province of Palena. A mountaineer and conservationist who had been visiting Patagonia since the early 1960s, Tompkins sought to protect the 17,000-hectare (42,000-acre) tract, most of which was primeval Valdivian temperate rainforest , from future exploitation. After moving to Reñihué to live full-time with his wife, Kris Tompkins , Doug began developing plans for

88-571: A "considerable amount of time" in 40 °F (4 °C) waters. He was flown, by helicopter, to a hospital in nearby Coyhaique , where he died hours later from severe hypothermia . He was 72 years old when he died and is survived by his second wife, Kristine (McDivitt) , two daughters, brother and mother. Tompkins is buried at a small cemetery near the Lodge at Valle Chacabuco in Parque Patagonia. Re%C3%B1ihu%C3%A9 Fjord Reñihué Fjord

132-464: A focus on adventure film making. In 1968, Tompkins headed off on a six-month road-adventure trip from California to Patagonia , along with Yvon Chouinard , Dick Dorworth , and Chris Jones (calling themselves the "Fun Hogs"), who made the third ascent of Mount Fitz Roy in Patagonia in 1968. They put up a new route on Mount Fitzroy , and - together with filmmaker Lito Tejada-Flores, who also made

176-400: A former chief executive of Patagonia ; the two worked together on conservation projects. The Tompkinses' conservation efforts focused on preserving wild landscapes and biodiversity. After purchasing large blocks of wilderness, they worked to create national parks, believing that this governmental designation serves as the best mode of guaranteeing long-term conservation. Kris Tompkins continues

220-483: A larger park, gradually acquiring additional adjacent properties from willing sellers. Ultimately, roughly 98 percent of the park's land area was bought from absentee landowners. Tompkins Conservation (then called The Conservation Land Trust) subsequently added approximately 280,000 hectares (690,000 acres) in nearly contiguous parcels to form Pumalín Park, which was declared a Nature Sanctuary on August 19, 2005, by then-president Ricardo Lagos . This special designation by

264-531: A long history as a grant-maker in categories such as Biodiversity and Wilderness, Ecological Agriculture, and Megatechnology and Economic Globalization, although in-house publishing is now its main focus. Tompkins also was involved in several large environmental campaigns in Chile and Argentina, such as the " Patagonia Sin Represas " campaign, which opposed the construction of dams on two of the largest and wildest rivers in

308-411: A mail order and retail company, selling rock climbing and camping equipment . The early years set the design standard of sleeping bags, backpacks , and mountaineering tents. Tompkins designed tents that were some of the first to avoid a pole in the middle, by using bendable rods threaded through exterior sleeves instead. This design also increased the strength of the tent because the domed shape allowed

352-472: A special project of renovating the area. Among the renovations and new beautiful construction were four farms, a tourism building, two churches, the Puma Verde Market, a community center, two supermarkets, and over two dozen houses, all designed to suit the historic architecture of the area. One of the biggest ecotourist attractions of south Chile, Pumalín is accessible by car or boat. Caleta Gonzalo , at

396-404: A type of National Park with public access under a private initiative. Through creating public-access infrastructure, including trails, campgrounds, visitor centers, and a restaurant, Tompkins sought to promote wilderness experience, in hopes of inspiring a deeper environmental ethic in the park's many thousands of visitors. In March 2018, the Chilean president Michelle Bachelet announced that

440-471: Is a fjord located at 42°30′59″S 72°37′26″W  /  42.51639°S 72.62389°W  / -42.51639; -72.62389 , in Los Lagos Region of Chile . It opens into Gulf of Ancud and at its head, it receives the outflow of Reñihué Lake via the river of the same name . Its waters are navigated by a ferry serving a part of the route between Hornopirén and Caleta Gonzalo . The latter

484-557: The Iberá Wetlands in Corrientes Province , Argentina. Iberá Provincial Reserve, established in 1983, encompasses 1,300,000 ha of wetlands, grasslands, forest, and rangelands, including both publicly-owned lands and private cattle ranches. The Iberá project advocated for enhanced protection of government-owned floodplain lands, and in 2009 the provincial government created Iberá Provincial Park on 553,000 hectares of public land in

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528-507: The "Environmental Leader of the Year". In 2007, he was appointed as an honorary member of the American Society of Landscape Architects , in recognition of his work restoring damaged landscapes. Eco Barons , Edward Humes ' 2009 account of the "dreamers, schemers, and millionaires who are saving our planet," uses Tompkins as the first example of this new group of philanthropists. In Brazil,

572-669: The Argentine government created Iberá National Park from the donated lands, while the provincial park is administered separately. In 2007 the Conservation Land Trust established a rewilding program to reintroduce native species which had been extirpated from the wetlands during the 20th century. Giant anteater ( Myrmecophaga tridactyla ), collared peccary ( Peccary tajacu ), South American tapir ( Tapirus terrestris ), pampas deer ( Ozotoceros bezoarticus ), and red-and-green macaw ( Ara chloropterus ) have been reintroduced to

616-511: The Argentine government to create a strictly-conserved national park to be called Iberá National Park. The proposed park, which would total 700,000 hectares, would be the largest national park in Argentina and home to hundreds of bird species, giant anteaters, and macaw parrots. It would provide safe habitat for a range of native species, and encourage a transition from "an exploitative economy" to "an economy of conservation and ecotourism ". In 2018

660-463: The Chilean government granted the land additional protections to secure its ecological values and prevent development. While nature-related philanthropy has a long tradition in the United States, large-scale private land acquisition for parks was unfamiliar in Chile, and initially generated skepticism and political opposition. The land holdings which eventually turned into Pumalín Park, stretched from

704-459: The Chilean state, provided that the whole area became a national park. In 2005, then-president Ricardo Lagos accepted this proposal, and the 726,000-acre (294,000 ha) Corcovado National Park was born. The Iberá project was a private conservation enterprise that was spearheaded by Tompkins, working with George Soros , Harvard University , and Rewilding Argentina . Its goal was to strengthen protection and restore habitat and biodiversity in

748-522: The Esprit clothing company. Following their divorce and Tompkins' departure from the business world in 1989, he became active in environmental and land conservation causes. In the 1990s Tompkins and his second wife, Kris McDivitt Tompkins bought and conserved more than 2 million acres (810,000 ha) of wilderness in Chile , exceeding that of any other private individuals in the region, thus becoming among

792-859: The Patagonia region of Chile. Tompkins' environmental work won him respect and accolades outside of South America: in 2012, the African Rainforest Conservancy awarded Tompkins and his wife its "New Species Award"; in 2007, the International Conservation Caucus Foundation awarded its "Good Steward" award to him and his wife, Kris; in 2008, the American Alpine Club awarded him the David R. Brower Award, for his work preserving mountain regions; in 2009, Latin Trade named him

836-511: The area's threatened ecosystem and species. Although Chile lacks the faunal diversity of Amazon-area countries, it is rich in flora, with many endemic species and subspecies. The evergreen broadleaved forest, known in Chile as the Valdivian temperate rainforest , includes thousands of plant species. The annual rainfall in the coastal forests of Pumalín Park is approximately 6,000 mm (236 in). These exceptionally wet, original forests reach all

880-523: The ascent - made an adventure film, Mountain of Storms , about their experience. The 2010 film 180 Degrees South: Conquerors of the Useless describes a modern-day recreation of this journey and also highlights the conservation work on which Tompkins had been working. Tompkins also became a skilled whitewater kayaker, claiming first descents of rivers in California, Africa, and South America. In addition, he

924-653: The border of Argentina to the Pacific Ocean, effectively cutting the country in half. This was once described as a security threat by a Chilean official. Some locals said that the Tompkinses were going to remove cattle from the land and introduce American bison. Others said that the land was going to be used as a nuclear waste dump. Over the years of the project's development, confidence has been built, both locally and nationally, as Pumalín Park's public access infrastructure began serving thousands of visitors annually. Pumalín Park

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968-450: The brand. Growing increasingly concerned about the ecological impacts of the fashion industry, Tompkins decided to leave the business world in the late 1980s. In 1989, he sold his share of the American company back to Susie, from whom he had separated, putting most of his profits into land conservation. Subsequently, in 1989 and 1994, he sold his interests in the other Esprit entities around

1012-705: The center of the Park, in the Reñihué Fjord , houses the park's main tourist infrastructure, including a restaurant, visitor center, cabañas (cabins), and a campground. Ferries run from the village of Hornopirén to Caleta Gonzalo during the summer months. After the 2008 eruption of the Chaitén Volcano , the park was temporarily closed to visitors; it reopened to visitors in December 2010. Douglas Tompkins Douglas Rainsford Tompkins (March 20, 1943 – December 8, 2015)

1056-564: The company's image, from store design to catalogue layout, while his wife served as design director. Emerging as one of the hottest brands of the era, the company grew into a transnational company operating in 60 countries. In 1989, the Japanese art publisher Robundo published Esprit, the Comprehensive Design Principle ( ISBN   4947613203 ), which documented the all-encompassing design principles that Tompkins had created for

1100-645: The environmentalist Douglas Tompkins was specially honored during the celebrations of 30 years of the Society for the Protection of Wildlife with the video “A Natureza do Brasil” with images of Haroldo Pallo Júnior and the Brazilian pianist Salete Chiamulera. On December 8, 2015, Tompkins was kayaking with five others (including Patagonia, Inc. founder Yvon Chouinard ) on General Carrera Lake in southern Chile when strong waves caused their kayaks to capsize. Tompkins spent

1144-422: The gateway town located at the park's southern entrance, was the site of a sweeping "beautification" campaign launched by the Tompkinses in 2007. Beauty was integral to the work of Doug Tompkins. He believed that a facelift to the town would instill pride in the local community and that pride would ripple and extend nationally. A nearby volcano eruption in 2008 decimated much of the town. Tompkins Conservation took on

1188-447: The government was accepting the gift of 1 million acres from Tompkins Conservation and creating five new national parks and expanding three more, covering 11 million acres in all, the largest private land donation in history. At a ceremony for signing of the accord between government and the foundation, Tompkins' long-term friend Yvon Chouinard claimed that “No other human has ever created this many acres of protected wildlands". Just to

1232-476: The largest private land-owners in the world. The Tompkinses were focused on park creation, wildlife recovery, ecological agriculture, and activism, with the goal of saving biodiversity. He had assembled and preserved the land which became the largest gift of private land to any South American government. Due to this, he was posthumously naturalized Chilean . Tompkins was born in Conneaut, Ohio on March 20, 1943,

1276-524: The local economy. In the area around Pumalin, the Hornopiren, Vodudahue, Ventisquero, Pillan, and Reñihué farms serve as exemplars of small-scale ecological agriculture and as informal park ranger stations. Each of these farms produces a variety of products, including sheep, cattle, honey, berries, and organic vegetables. A small facility in the Pillan farm processes honey and berries for jams, which are sold under

1320-562: The name Pillan Organics. In northeastern Argentina, Tompkins managed cattle ranches in Corrientes Province and polyculture grain and fruit farms in Entre Ríos Province . Each farm pays close attention to developing sustainable practices. Through the Foundation for Deep Ecology, Tompkins published a series of large-format, activist photograph books on environmental issues, including: In addition, The Foundation for Deep Ecology had

1364-741: The next decade, The Conservation Land Trust added another 700,000 acres (280,000 ha) in nearly contiguous parcels to create Pumalín Park, which eventually stretched from the Corcovado Gulf to the Andes mountains, over an area of 800,000 acres. In 2005, then-president Ricardo Lagos declared this area a Nature Sanctuary, a special designation of the Chilean state, granting it additional environmental and non-developmental protection. The Conservation Land Trust (a U.S. environmental foundation) donated these protected lands to Fundación Pumalín (a Chilean foundation), for their administration and continual development as

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1408-641: The park's stewardship. Small organic farms with activities such as animal husbandry, cheesemaking, ecotourism, wool handicrafts, and honey production function simultaneously as park ranger stations and visitor information centers. In this way both conservation and a contribution to the local economy are achieved. The project is aware of the need to include neighbors of the park, to create a broad-based cultural appreciation for wilderness and biodiversity conservation, as well as demonstrating how an agrarian economy, carefully matched to local conditions, can help sustain biodiversity and create economic opportunity. El Amarillo,

1452-479: The reserve. Led by Tompkins, the Conservation Land Trust acquired 150,000 hectares of old cattle ranches bordering the provincial park, including habitats not then represented in the park. Most cattle and internal fences were removed, and a land management program was developed to restore native vegetation and habitat. In December 2015 the Trust donated these lands, including espinal, malezal grasslands , and forests, to

1496-722: The son of an antiques dealer and decorator. He spent the first few years of his life in New York City before his family moved to Millbrook, New York . He graduated from Indian Mountain School , a pre-prep school in Lakeville, Connecticut , in 1957. In his senior year at Pomfret School in Connecticut, Tompkins was expelled for various minor infractions. He returned to his hometown in Millbrook, but did not graduate from high school. Tompkins spent

1540-484: The south of Pumalin, Corcovado National Park represents one of Tompkins's completed conservation projects. In 1994, The Conservation Land Trust (CLT), along with U.S. philanthropist Peter Buckley , acquired 208,000 acres (84,000 ha) of native forest that was slated for logging, adjacent to vast areas of federal land under the jurisdiction of the Chilean Armed Forces . CLT offered to donate this parcel back to

1584-493: The way to the ocean, something that is increasingly rare worldwide. In addition, the park protects some of the last remaining stands of Alerce trees, one of the oldest species on Earth, with 25 percent of the remaining population of these forest giants being protected within the borders of the park. A ranger system, utilizing non-uniformed park rangers on the agricultural lands adjacent to the Nature Sanctuary, contributes to

1628-436: The wild, and a captive breeding program for jaguars ( Panthera onca ) was created to support reintroduction of jaguars to the parks. Other conservation projects that Tompkins spearheaded include: Envisioning "conservation as a consequence of production," Tompkins developed models of sustainable organic farming , which maintain soil health and ecological integrity at the same time that they provide for families and support

1672-403: The wind to roll over it. These tents have been widely copied throughout the world. In 1966, the first The North Face store was opened; the band The Grateful Dead played at the grand opening. Two years later, Tompkins sold out his stake to Kenneth "Hap" Klopp for $ 50,000, using the profit to join his wife in co-founding Esprit , a fashion house. Tompkins sold The North Face with the intention of

1716-581: The work they started together as president of Tompkins Conservation. Tompkins's first major conservation project was Pumalín Park in the Palena Province of Chile, an 800,000-acre (320,000 ha) area of Valdivian temperate rain forest , high peaks, lakes, and rivers. In 1991 he bought the Reñihué farm, a semi-abandoned farm at the end of the Reñihué Fjord , planning to set aside 42,000 acres (17,000 ha) of this unique forest from possible exploitation. In

1760-538: The world. After selling his interest in Esprit, Tompkins turned his efforts toward southern Chile , where he had spent much time climbing, kayaking, and skiing, to focus on land conservation and environmental activism. He founded the Foundation for Deep Ecology in 1990, which supports environmental activism (see deep ecology ), and The Conservation Land Trust in 1992, now called Tompkins Conservation, which works to protect wildlands , primarily in Chile and Argentina . In November 1994, he married Kristine L. McDivitt ,

1804-627: The years between 1960 and 1962 ski racing and rock climbing in Colorado, Europe, and South America. In 1963, Tompkins founded the California Mountaineering Guide Service. It was during this time he met Susie Russell , a casino employee who gave him a lift while hitch-hiking to Lake Tahoe. They married in 1964 in San Francisco. In 1964, Tompkins borrowed $ 5,000 from a bank to found The North Face , Inc., in San Francisco, as

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1848-611: Was a skilled bush pilot. In 1968, Tompkins, his wife Susie, and her friend Jane Tise began selling girls dresses, which they had planned on the kitchen table, out of the back of a VW bus. In 1971 they incorporated the booming business under the name "Plain Jane", which later became Esprit. By 1978, sales topped $ 100 million a year and the company had formed partnerships in Germany and Hong Kong. Tompkins appointed himself "image director", developing his own marketing approach: overseeing all aspects of

1892-512: Was an American businessman, conservationist , outdoorsman, philanthropist , filmmaker, and agriculturalist . He founded the North Face Inc , co-founded Esprit and various environmental groups, including the Foundation for Deep Ecology and Tompkins Conservation. Beginning in the mid-1960s, he and Susie Tompkins Buell (née Russell) , his first wife, co-founded and ran two companies: the outdoor equipment and clothing company The North Face and

1936-454: Was designated a national park in 2018, prompted by Tompkins Conservation's donation of almost 725,000 acres for the new, roughly 1-million-acre park, named Pumalín Douglas Tompkins National Park in honor of its founder. One of Tompkins' central commitments is to preserving biodiversity ; the Pumalín conservation area not only provides visitors a spectacular wilderness experience, but also protects

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