156-501: Psycho Mantis ( Japanese : サイコ・マンティス ) is a fictional boss character in Konami 's Metal Gear video game series. Psycho Mantis first appears in Metal Gear Solid , where he helps main antagonist Liquid Snake in his attempt to capture Shadow Moses Island. In a battle with the game's protagonist, Psycho Mantis uses his psychic powers to talk directly to the player of the game in
312-413: A UN Security Council advisory body that monitors PMC activities. He sends Old Snake on an unofficial mission to assassinate Liquid Ocelot in order to put a stop to the latter's activities, providing resources and transportation to complete the mission. He is married to Rosemary, which causes a rift between him and Meryl, now aware that Campbell is her father. However, the marriage is a sham used to fool
468-494: A British woman named Julie Danziger with a child of her own (Emma). Hal and Emma were close, as they had no other friends. Huey later committed suicide by drowning himself in the family pool, and attempted to drown Emma as well. Afterwards, Emma became estranged from her stepbrother, blaming him for not saving her. Shortly afterwards, Hal ran away from home and did not see any of his family members until several years later. Choosing not to continue school, he began to educate himself via
624-461: A U.S. military unit, and assigned to Shadow Moses island in 2005 as an emergency replacement when several soldiers were reported missing. Following her arrival on the island, the unit involved with the exercise revolted along with members of FOXHOUND and took over the nuclear disposal site on the island and the Metal Gear REX weapon being developed there. Meryl refused to join in with the mutiny and
780-755: A Vietnamese war orphan. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots reveals that Frank Jaeger's murder of Para-Medic was part of a plan to free Big Boss from Zero's control. There is a Cyborg Ninja unique character card in Metal Gear Acid . Outside of the Metal Gear games, the Cyborg Ninja is featured as a player character driver in Konami Krazy Racers and as an Assist Trophy in both Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate . Additionally
936-624: A benefit from the in-group to the out-group) means "[I/we] explained [it] to [him/her/them]". Such beneficiary auxiliary verbs thus serve a function comparable to that of pronouns and prepositions in Indo-European languages to indicate the actor and the recipient of an action. Japanese "pronouns" also function differently from most modern Indo-European pronouns (and more like nouns) in that they can take modifiers as any other noun may. For instance, one does not say in English: The amazed he ran down
1092-467: A bombing raid against Outer Heaven, not caring about the war orphans or war refugees within. Before dying, he also tells Snake that Big Boss had forgiven the resistance for being against him and rescued as many people as he could from the bombings, Outer Heaven personnel and Resistance members alike. Colonel Roy Campbell ( ロイ・キャンベル大佐 , Roi Kyanberu-taisa , Roy Kyanbel in the MSX2 version of Metal Gear 2 )
1248-713: A brief codec appearance in a minigame in Ape Escape 3 . Roy Campbell for most Metal Gear Solid games had been voiced by Takeshi Aono in the Japanese version and by Paul Eiding in the English translation. The character's young version in Portable Ops was voiced by Toshio Furukawa in Japanese and by David Agranov in English. However, Aono's death has resulted in the character's retirement in future Metal Gear Solid games out of respect. Master Miller ( マスター・ミラー , Masutā Mirā )
1404-433: A cameo appearance in the 2024 game Astro Bot . Metal Gear series designer Hideo Kojima was inspired to create Psycho Mantis after watching the 1978 film The Fury , leading the team use the film's depiction of psychic power as a reference. Kojima stated that when developing Mantis, he wished to harness the concept of masters telling their students to clear their minds. The only method he could think of to reflect this
1560-551: A cameo in Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes . A younger version of Psycho Mantis appears in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain , where he is a child under the name Tretij Rebenok . He is manipulated by the game's main antagonist, Skull Face, who uses Rebenok to control a Metal Gear robot with the goal of killing all English-speaking people in the world. Rebenok is later influenced by
1716-538: A complex system of honorifics , with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. The Japanese writing system combines Chinese characters , known as kanji ( 漢字 , ' Han characters') , with two unique syllabaries (or moraic scripts) derived by the Japanese from the more complex Chinese characters: hiragana ( ひらがな or 平仮名 , 'simple characters') and katakana ( カタカナ or 片仮名 , 'partial characters'). Latin script ( rōmaji ローマ字 )
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#17328696607141872-414: A distinct language of its own that has absorbed various aspects from neighboring languages. Japanese has five vowels, and vowel length is phonemic, with each having both a short and a long version. Elongated vowels are usually denoted with a line over the vowel (a macron ) in rōmaji , a repeated vowel character in hiragana , or a chōonpu succeeding the vowel in katakana . /u/ ( listen )
2028-555: A fight, maiming Revolver Ocelot and scaring Otacon in the process. After the fight, he becomes erratic and disappears in a violent rage. Throughout the game, he provides Snake cryptic advice via codec as a faceless contact calling himself "Deepthroat". Naomi Hunter eventually divulges being Jaeger's foster sister, as well as his Cyborg Ninja identity to Snake. Fox later tells Snake that he killed Naomi's parents and, out of remorse, became her foster brother. Fox fights Metal Gear REX (piloted by Liquid) and manages to destroy its radome with
2184-464: A fistfight in the middle of a minefield and is apparently killed. Gray Fox returns as the original Cyborg Ninja ( サイボーグ忍者 , Saibōgu Ninja ) in Metal Gear Solid after having been grafted into a powered armor exoskeleton and armed with a high-frequency blade. According to Hideo Kojima , the Cyborg Ninja "was born from this Shin-chan 's graffiti." During Liquid Snake's FOXHOUND revolt at Shadow Moses, Fox once again challenges Solid Snake to
2340-491: A friendship with Otacon while fighting the corrupt FOXHOUND led by his terrorist twin brother Liquid Snake in Metal Gear Solid , and uses the false name Iroquois Pliskin ( イロコィ・プリスキン , Irokoi Purisukin ) while assisting Raiden against Solidus Snake and the Patriots in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty . In Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots , he gives himself the nickname Old Snake ( オールド・スネーク , Ōrudo Sunēku ) due to his accelerated aging process, and
2496-419: A glide /j/ and either the first part of a geminate consonant ( っ / ッ , represented as Q) or a moraic nasal in the coda ( ん / ン , represented as N). The nasal is sensitive to its phonetic environment and assimilates to the following phoneme, with pronunciations including [ɴ, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ɰ̃] . Onset-glide clusters only occur at the start of syllables but clusters across syllables are allowed as long as
2652-487: A large number of characters created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa . Its setting features several soldiers with supernatural powers provided by scientific advancements. The series initially follows mercenary Solid Snake given government missions of finding the Metal Gear weapon, resulting in encounters in the original Metal Gear games with Gray Fox and Big Boss in Outer Heaven and Zanzibar Land. In
2808-429: A listener depending on the listener's relative social position and the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the listener. When used in different social relationships, the same word may have positive (intimate or respectful) or negative (distant or disrespectful) connotations. Japanese often use titles of the person referred to where pronouns would be used in English. For example, when speaking to one's teacher, it
2964-585: A mere novelty" Hideo Kojima later stated that Psycho Mantis was his favorite character in the series. Filmmaker and director Guillermo del Toro additionally praised the Psycho Mantis scene for being able to transcend the video game medium. Andy Kelly of TheGamer praised the character as part what made Metal Gear Solid so iconic, describing how the Mantis battle utilized the video game medium in unique and inventive ways. Manon Hume of Game Informer also praised
3120-472: A random moment in addition to its original programming. As the game progresses, Naomi realizes that some of her original perceptions of Snake were wrong and is later remorseful for modifying the virus. Uncertain of when exactly the FOXDIE would kill, Naomi tells Snake to live life to the fullest in whatever time there was left. Afterwards, Nastasha Romanenko's account reveals that Naomi was briefly arrested following
3276-440: A result of him having a consistent design, and Big Boss's younger self, Naked Snake, was conceived via minor changes to the original version of Solid Snake, other characters' designs were more time-consuming. During their debuts, player characters Solid Snake and Raiden are meant to represent the player, while in following games, they acquire more defined personalities. As a result of Snake's increasing experience in combat across
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#17328696607143432-408: A sentence need not be stated and pronouns may be omitted if they can be inferred from context. In the example above, hana ga nagai would mean "[their] noses are long", while nagai by itself would mean "[they] are long." A single verb can be a complete sentence: Yatta! ( やった! ) "[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". In addition, since adjectives can form the predicate in a Japanese sentence (below),
3588-428: A single adjective can be a complete sentence: Urayamashii! ( 羨ましい! ) "[I'm] jealous [about it]!". While the language has some words that are typically translated as pronouns, these are not used as frequently as pronouns in some Indo-European languages, and function differently. In some cases, Japanese relies on special verb forms and auxiliary verbs to indicate the direction of benefit of an action: "down" to indicate
3744-630: A voice-only cameo during the game over screen, scolding the player for causing a time paradox if certain characters are killed. He also appears in the Ape Escape crossover minigame "Snake vs. Monkey". In Portable Ops , a young version of the character, then a Green Beret , is imprisoned by the FOX unit in South America with Naked Snake. The two escape to recruit Gene's disenfranchised enemy soldiers and other allies into an early version of Militaires Sans Frontières. In Metal Gear Solid 4 , Campbell works for
3900-471: A way that crosses the fourth wall of the game screen, playing tricks with the game's memory card and controller . Psycho Mantis goes on to reappear in several later games in the series. In English, he is voiced by Doug Stone , while in Japanese he is voiced by Kazuyuki Sogabe . Game critics have praised Psycho Mantis and his fourth-wall-breaking interactions, calling the scene one of the most memorable moments in video games. Further commentary has analyzed
4056-624: Is compressed rather than protruded , or simply unrounded. Some Japanese consonants have several allophones , which may give the impression of a larger inventory of sounds. However, some of these allophones have since become phonemic. For example, in the Japanese language up to and including the first half of the 20th century, the phonemic sequence /ti/ was palatalized and realized phonetically as [tɕi] , approximately chi ( listen ) ; however, now [ti] and [tɕi] are distinct, as evidenced by words like tī [tiː] "Western-style tea" and chii [tɕii] "social status". The "r" of
4212-456: Is a drill instructor and survival coach. Benedict Kazuhira Miller ( ベネディクト・カズヒラ・ミラー , Benedikuto Kazuhira Mirā ) , also known as McDonnell Benedict Miller ( マクドネル・ベネディクト・ミラー , Makudoneru Benedikuto Mirā ) , known simply as "McDonnell Miller" in Metal Gear 2 and formerly commonly known by his nickname Kaz , is an ambitious mercenary properly introduced in the prequel Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker , serving as second-in-command in
4368-472: Is actually Olga Gurlukovich. The non-canon prequel Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops , set twenty-five years before Metal Gear , features a teenage version of the character under the codename Null ( ヌル , Nuru ) , a masked machete -wielding assassin. He is subjected to a secret CIA project to be the "Perfect Soldier" and recruited into Gene's corrupt FOX unit during the San Hieronymo takeover. During
4524-445: Is also seen in o-medetō "congratulations", from medetaku ). Late Middle Japanese has the first loanwords from European languages – now-common words borrowed into Japanese in this period include pan ("bread") and tabako ("tobacco", now "cigarette"), both from Portuguese . Modern Japanese is considered to begin with the Edo period (which spanned from 1603 to 1867). Since Old Japanese,
4680-519: Is also used in a limited fashion (such as for imported acronyms) in Japanese writing. The numeral system uses mostly Arabic numerals , but also traditional Chinese numerals . Proto-Japonic , the common ancestor of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages , is thought to have been brought to Japan by settlers coming from the Korean peninsula sometime in the early- to mid-4th century BC (the Yayoi period ), replacing
4836-643: Is an agglutinative , mora -timed language with relatively simple phonotactics , a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent . Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure is topic–comment . Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or form questions. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender , and there are no articles . Verbs are conjugated , primarily for tense and voice , but not person . Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has
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4992-440: Is appropriate to use sensei ( 先生 , "teacher"), but inappropriate to use anata . This is because anata is used to refer to people of equal or lower status, and one's teacher has higher status. Japanese nouns have no grammatical number, gender or article aspect. The noun hon ( 本 ) may refer to a single book or several books; hito ( 人 ) can mean "person" or "people", and ki ( 木 ) can be "tree" or "trees". Where number
5148-684: Is associated with comedy (see Kansai dialect ). Dialects of Tōhoku and North Kantō are associated with typical farmers. The Ryūkyūan languages, spoken in Okinawa and the Amami Islands (administratively part of Kagoshima ), are distinct enough to be considered a separate branch of the Japonic family; not only is each language unintelligible to Japanese speakers, but most are unintelligible to those who speak other Ryūkyūan languages. However, in contrast to linguists, many ordinary Japanese people tend to consider
5304-442: Is being psychically controlled by Psycho Mantis. Snake is unfazed, and after knocking Meryl out, Psycho Mantis reveals himself. Psycho Mantis seeks to prove his psychic powers to Snake, and to do so, talks directly to the player of the game in a way that crosses the fourth wall of the game screen. He first reads Metal Gear Solid 's metadata about the player's actions in order to make a judge of their personality, before then reading
5460-462: Is better documentation of Late Middle Japanese phonology than for previous forms (for instance, the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam ). Among other sound changes, the sequence /au/ merges to /ɔː/ , in contrast with /oː/ ; /p/ is reintroduced from Chinese; and /we/ merges with /je/ . Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending - te begins to reduce onto
5616-509: Is correlated with the sex of the speaker and the social situation in which they are spoken: men and women alike in a formal situation generally refer to themselves as watashi ( 私 , literally "private") or watakushi (also 私 , hyper-polite form), while men in rougher or intimate conversation are much more likely to use the word ore ( 俺 "oneself", "myself") or boku . Similarly, different words such as anata , kimi , and omae ( お前 , more formally 御前 "the one before me") may refer to
5772-509: Is embittered as he sees the concept of a nation for soldiers appropriated by other groups and reduced to being mercenary bands before he's rescued from Soviet forces by Venom Snake, enabling him to help with the Diamond Dogs mercenary group's expansion. By this time, he wears a large trench coat and beret while walking with a limp due to having lost his left leg and right arm. Miller is deeply distrusting of anyone affiliated with Cipher, accusing
5928-417: Is important, it can be indicated by providing a quantity (often with a counter word ) or (rarely) by adding a suffix, or sometimes by duplication (e.g. 人人 , hitobito , usually written with an iteration mark as 人々 ). Words for people are usually understood as singular. Thus Tanaka-san usually means Mx Tanaka . Words that refer to people and animals can be made to indicate a group of individuals through
6084-548: Is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered the language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese . Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and
6240-722: Is less common. In terms of mutual intelligibility , a survey in 1967 found that the four most unintelligible dialects (excluding Ryūkyūan languages and Tōhoku dialects ) to students from Greater Tokyo were the Kiso dialect (in the deep mountains of Nagano Prefecture ), the Himi dialect (in Toyama Prefecture ), the Kagoshima dialect and the Maniwa dialect (in Okayama Prefecture ). The survey
6396-481: Is now aware that Roy Campbell is her true father, but openly resents him due to the circumstances of her conception and his marriage with Rosemary who is her own age. She reconciles with him at the end of the game. At first, Meryl dislikes her subordinate Johnny due to his clumsiness and stomach problems, but forgives him after learning he does not have nanomachines in his body and falls in love with him after he saves her life on their missions and ends up marrying him at
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6552-420: Is often called a topic-prominent language , which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and that the two do not always coincide. The sentence Zō wa hana ga nagai ( 象は鼻が長い ) literally means, "As for elephant(s), (the) nose(s) (is/are) long". The topic is zō "elephant", and the subject is hana "nose". Japanese grammar tends toward brevity; the subject or object of
6708-489: Is preserved in words such as matsuge ("eyelash", lit. "hair of the eye"); modern mieru ("to be visible") and kikoeru ("to be audible") retain a mediopassive suffix - yu(ru) ( kikoyu → kikoyuru (the attributive form, which slowly replaced the plain form starting in the late Heian period) → kikoeru (all verbs with the shimo-nidan conjugation pattern underwent this same shift in Early Modern Japanese )); and
6864-556: Is revealed to be an illusion of Mantis's, and Snake proceeds to defeat Mantis in battle. Additionally, in Metal Gear Solid Master Collection Vol.1 , which contains a remake of Metal Gear Solid , an option exists to allow players to curate their save data, allowing them to select what games Mantis will reference during his boss battle. Despite Psycho Mantis's brief appearance in Metal Gear Solid , his role in
7020-619: Is the national language , and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language . There have been many attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as the Ainu , Austronesian , Koreanic , and the now-discredited Altaic , but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little
7176-483: Is the chief of FOXHOUND's medical staff and part of the support crew assembled to assist Solid Snake, providing the player with information on the FOXHOUND members Snake faces. Being Gray Fox's adopted sister, she attempted to get revenge on Snake for nearly killing her brother during the original Metal Gear games. When instructed to inject Snake with the FOXDIE virus, she secretly modifies it so that it will kill Snake at
7332-463: Is the playable character once more. Solid Snake was voiced by Akio Ōtsuka in the Japanese version and by David Hayter in the English translation. Gray Fox ( グレイ・フォックス , Gurei Fokkusu , spelled "Grey Fox" in the MSX2 versions) as a high-ranking agent of FOXHOUND with the "Fox" codename being the highest distinction within the unit. He first appears in the MSX2 games where his face portrait
7488-533: Is the primary character of the original series. In the original Metal Gear games, he is a rookie agent of FOXHOUND who was given the mission to find and destroy the Metal Gear located within Outer Heaven and Zanzibar Land, leading to confrontations with his comrade Gray Fox and his superior Big Boss (the phantom in Outer Heaven and his father in Zanzibar Land). In the original Metal Gear Solid games, Snake gains
7644-464: Is the second commanding officer of FOXHOUND. He was introduced in Metal Gear 2 , in which he serves as Solid Snake's primary radio contact in the game. Campbell gives information about the mission objective and general gameplay tips for Zanzibar Land. In Metal Gear Solid , Campbell has more of a personal stake in the mission on Shadow Moses, as his niece Meryl Silverburgh is being held captive by Liquid Snake's revolutionary FOXHOUND team. In one of
7800-402: Is the version of Japanese discussed in this article. Formerly, standard Japanese in writing ( 文語 , bungo , "literary language") was different from colloquial language ( 口語 , kōgo ) . The two systems have different rules of grammar and some variance in vocabulary. Bungo was the main method of writing Japanese until about 1900; since then kōgo gradually extended its influence and
7956-471: Is used for the present and the future. For verbs that represent an ongoing process, the -te iru form indicates a continuous (or progressive) aspect , similar to the suffix ing in English. For others that represent a change of state, the -te iru form indicates a perfect aspect. For example, kite iru means "They have come (and are still here)", but tabete iru means "They are eating". Questions (both with an interrogative pronoun and yes/no questions) have
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#17328696607148112-405: Is why some linguists do not classify Japanese "pronouns" as pronouns, but rather as referential nouns, much like Spanish usted (contracted from vuestra merced , "your ( majestic plural ) grace") or Portuguese você (from vossa mercê ). Japanese personal pronouns are generally used only in situations requiring special emphasis as to who is doing what to whom. The choice of words used as pronouns
8268-455: The Japonic language family, which also includes the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands . As these closely related languages are commonly treated as dialects of the same language, Japanese is sometimes called a language isolate . According to Martine Irma Robbeets , Japanese has been subject to more attempts to show its relation to other languages than any other language in
8424-535: The KGB later in his life, and afterward joined the CIA , using his psychic powers to delve into the minds of suspected criminals. After delving too deep into the mind of a serial killer , Mantis went insane. According to Mantis, he joined with Liquid Snake , the game's main antagonist in order to "kill as many people as he could" as he had grown disgusted with the human race. Mantis briefly re-appears in Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of
8580-523: The Manhattan Project , and his father was born on the day of the Hiroshima bombing . Otacon had developed a strong attraction to FOXHOUND member Sniper Wolf. Distraught that Snake would have to kill her, Otacon eventually came to terms with her, himself, and his position in life. With Otacon's assistance, Snake was able to destroy REX and defeat the terrorist uprising. According to the in-universe novel In
8736-452: The Metal Gear version. Meryl's partner in Policenauts , Dave Forrest, also shares the same given name Solid Snake has, whose true name is also Dave (David). In the final scenes of Metal Gear Solid , Meryl wears an orange goose down vest similar to the one Forrest wears in Policenauts . Character designer Yoji Shinkawa stated that the staff purposely avoided mentioning her directly in
8892-425: The Metal Gear Solid games established a series of consistent designs based on Shinkawa's ideas of what would appeal to gamers. Additionally, several of the characters he designed follow ideas from Kojima and other staff. Critical reception of the game's cast has been positive, as publications have praised their personalities and roles within the series. Much as Metal Gear began as a pastiche of action movies of
9048-504: The Philippines , and various Pacific islands, locals in those countries learned Japanese as the language of the empire. As a result, many elderly people in these countries can still speak Japanese. Japanese emigrant communities (the largest of which are to be found in Brazil , with 1.4 million to 1.5 million Japanese immigrants and descendants, according to Brazilian IBGE data, more than
9204-465: The Sherlock Holmes novels to introduce a sidekick character in order to view Snake from a different perspective. Metal Gear Solid also marks the first time that characters were given voice actors, with Solid Snake and Naked Snake being voiced by Akio Ōtsuka . Ōtsuka remembers being surprised during his debut as a result of the large amount of dialogue Snake was given. In the English adaptations,
9360-716: The United States (notably in Hawaii , where 16.7% of the population has Japanese ancestry, and California ), and the Philippines (particularly in Davao Region and the Province of Laguna ). Japanese has no official status in Japan, but is the de facto national language of the country. There is a form of the language considered standard : hyōjungo ( 標準語 ) , meaning "standard Japanese", or kyōtsūgo ( 共通語 ) , "common language", or even "Tokyo dialect" at times. The meanings of
9516-794: The de facto standard Japanese had been the Kansai dialect , especially that of Kyoto . However, during the Edo period, Edo (now Tokyo) developed into the largest city in Japan, and the Edo-area dialect became standard Japanese. Since the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages has increased significantly. The period since 1945 has seen many words borrowed from other languages—such as German, Portuguese and English. Many English loan words especially relate to technology—for example, pasokon (short for "personal computer"), intānetto ("internet"), and kamera ("camera"). Due to
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#17328696607149672-652: The world championships and the Olympics under her belt), Heffner was stripped of her competition rights after being caught in an attempt to seek political asylum in Canada with Frank Jaeger, and sought to redeem herself by joining the StB . She is escorting Dr. Marv to America when Zanzibar Land agents hijack their plane. Later in the game, she joins Solid Snake in rescuing Dr. Marv, but dies when Jaeger (as Gray Fox in Metal Gear D) destroys
9828-518: The 1.2 million of the United States ) sometimes employ Japanese as their primary language. Approximately 12% of Hawaii residents speak Japanese, with an estimated 12.6% of the population of Japanese ancestry in 2008. Japanese emigrants can also be found in Peru , Argentina , Australia (especially in the eastern states), Canada (especially in Vancouver , where 1.4% of the population has Japanese ancestry),
9984-478: The Big Shell. When Solidus Snake seized the Big Shell, he infiltrated the facility with SEAL Team 10 to find Emma who was among the hostages. He managed to be reunited with her, but she died shortly afterwards, due to stab wounds inflicted by Vamp. Before her death, Emma admitted to always admiring Hal and wanting to follow in his footsteps. Despite falling into deep despair, Snake encouraged him to move on and rescue all
10140-450: The CIS Army. Kasler's service earns him a lasting reputation in the mercenary community; only mercenaries who have worked with him can be truly recognized as the best in the world. Johan Jacobsen ( ヨハン・ヤコブセン , Yohan Yakobusen ) , named Yozev Norden ( ヨゼフ・ノルデン , Yozefu Noruden ) in the MSX2 version, is a zoologist specializing in the preservation of all endangered species. He is
10296-590: The Darkness of Shadow Moses by Nastasha Romanenko, offered as a bonus feature with Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty , states that Snake and Meryl escaped together. Meryl returns in Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots as the commander of Rat Patrol Team One (RAT PT 01), a fictional division of the United States Army Criminal Investigation Command sent to investigate Liquid Ocelot's private military company activities. She
10452-502: The Darkness of Shadow Moses: The Unofficial Truth , Otacon had allegedly left for Great Britain after the terrorist uprising to visit relatives. After the schematics for Metal Gear were placed on the black market by Revolver Ocelot , Snake and Otacon formed Philanthropy, an organization dedicated to the end of the proliferation of Metal Gear-type weapons. During the events of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty , Otacon received an email in 2007 from his step-sister Emma, informing him of
10608-577: The English translation, the character was voiced by Greg Eagles (in Metal Gear Solid ), Rob Paulsen (in Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes , Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate ) and Larc Spies (in Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops and Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel ). Dr. Drago Pettrovich Madnar ( ドラゴ・ペトロヴィッチ・マッドナー , Dorago Petorovitchi Maddonā , known simply as Dr. Petrovich in
10764-518: The Internet. He became a big fan of anime , and started calling himself Otacon, short for the " Otaku Convention", which he never misses. He matriculated at MIT and earned his Ph.D. from Princeton University . During his college years, he was recruited by the FBI 's Engineering Research Facility, but was fired from his job after hacking into their classified database. Otacon was hired by Armstech, Inc. to be
10920-482: The Japanese language is of particular interest, ranging between an apical central tap and a lateral approximant . The "g" is also notable; unless it starts a sentence, it may be pronounced [ ŋ ] , in the Kanto prestige dialect and in other eastern dialects. The phonotactics of Japanese are relatively simple. The syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), that is, a core vowel surrounded by an optional onset consonant,
11076-688: The Mantis boss sequence gave the game developers control beyond just the game, but also to the video game medium itself. His self-awareness was additionally described by the book Framing Uncertainty: Computer Game Epistemologies as allowing Mantis to cross a "border" between the game's world and the real world, causing a deep level of uncertainty in players. The book Once Upon a Pixel: Storytelling and Worldbuilding in Video Games additionally stated that this ability made Mantis more terrifying as an opponent. The International Journal of Transmedia Literacy analyzed how Psycho Mantis shifts his attention from Snake to
11232-728: The Militaires Sans Frontières mercenary group. His backstory reveals his upbringing as the son of a US officer and a Japanese woman and also notes his brief service in the JSDF . Unlike Big Boss, Kaz is initially characterized as idealistic, believing in MSF's idea of a nation for soldiers free of political ideology. However, he's naïve in underestimating Cipher and assumes he can maintain a business relationship with Zero's organization. This comes into full effect with Miller in Metal Gear Solid V . Following MSF's destruction at Cipher's hands, Miller
11388-724: The Old Japanese sections are written in Man'yōgana , which uses kanji for their phonetic as well as semantic values. Based on the Man'yōgana system, Old Japanese can be reconstructed as having 88 distinct morae . Texts written with Man'yōgana use two different sets of kanji for each of the morae now pronounced き (ki), ひ (hi), み (mi), け (ke), へ (he), め (me), こ (ko), そ (so), と (to), の (no), も (mo), よ (yo) and ろ (ro). (The Kojiki has 88, but all later texts have 87. The distinction between mo 1 and mo 2 apparently
11544-474: The Patriots , set in 2014. He and Sunny built a robotic companion to Snake called Metal Gear Mk. II , which he controlled remotely. The Mk. II was taken from a robotic character of the same name in Snatcher . He became romantically involved with Naomi Hunter through the course of the story although he once again lost her upon her suicide, thus forcing him yet again to witness the death of a woman he cared about. In
11700-467: The Patriots , where his ghost appears to control the deceased body of the boss enemy Screaming Mantis . Mantis tries and fails to repeat the same display of his powers from Metal Gear Solid due to the PlayStation 3 's lack of memory card. If the player is using a DualShock vibrating controller, he will become excited by the fact he is still able to manipulate the controller. Psycho Mantis later appears as
11856-631: The Patriots and protect Rose's and Raiden's son John. Following the Patriots' destruction, he reconciles with Meryl to walk down the aisle at his daughter's wedding. Outside the main canon, the character reprises his role as the reluctant commanding officer in the Game Boy Color game Metal Gear: Ghost Babel , a side-story which serves as an alternate sequel to the events of the original Metal Gear . He, Otacon and Mei Ling serve as Solid Snake's codec contacts in Super Smash Bros. Brawl . He also makes
12012-429: The Patriots. Using connections he had with an organization, he managed to steal Liquid Snake's corpse (which was missing its right arm) and dumped it into the sea. He continued to manage Philanthropy's activities while keeping Snake's survival a secret from the public. In 2009, he received another anonymous e-mail, this time from Liquid (while taking over Ocelot's mind), informing him about the development of Arsenal Gear in
12168-488: The Ryūkyūan languages as dialects of Japanese. The imperial court also seems to have spoken an unusual variant of the Japanese of the time, most likely the spoken form of Classical Japanese , a writing style that was prevalent during the Heian period , but began to decline during the late Meiji period . The Ryūkyūan languages are classified by UNESCO as 'endangered', as young people mostly use Japanese and cannot understand
12324-453: The Sega CD spells his name as Dr. Petrovich Modnar. Kyle Schneider ( カイル・シュナイダー , Kairu Shunaidā ) (known simply as Schneider in the original Metal Gear ) is the leader of a resistance movement against Outer Heaven in Metal Gear , who helps Solid Snake as a radio contact alongside fellow resistance members Diane ( ダイアン , Daian ) and Jennifer ( ジェニファー , Jenifā ) . He discovers
12480-539: The US but failed and was stripped of competition rights as a result. Afterwards, Jaeger developed a great deal of resentment toward his superiors, but was unaware that Gustava later joined the StB and is present in Zanzibar as Dr. Kio Marv 's bodyguard. During his and Snake's first direct encounter as enemies, Fox's piloting of the Metal Gear accidentally causes Gustava's death. After Snake destroys Metal Gear, Fox challenges Snake to
12636-543: The addition of a collective suffix (a noun suffix that indicates a group), such as -tachi , but this is not a true plural: the meaning is closer to the English phrase "and company". A group described as Tanaka-san-tachi may include people not named Tanaka. Some Japanese nouns are effectively plural, such as hitobito "people" and wareware "we/us", while the word tomodachi "friend" is considered singular, although plural in form. Verbs are conjugated to show tenses, of which there are two: past and present (or non-past) which
12792-522: The advanced Metal Gear D and confronts Snake a few times, while secretly assisting Snake as an anonymous informant. The character's past is fleshed out in this game: his civilian identity Frank Jaeger ( フランク・イェーガー , Furanku Yēgā , "Frank Yeager" in the MSX2 version) had a relationship with former Czech figure skater Gustava Heffner (Natasha Marcova in the MSX2 version) after they met in Calgary and fell in love. Gustava tried to seek asylum with him in
12948-678: The algae to the World Energy Conference in Prague , and was on his way to a demonstration in the United States when he was kidnapped by soldiers from Zanzibar Land. Solid Snake is brought out of retirement by FOXHOUND's new commander Roy Campbell, and is sent to Zanzibar Land to rescue Dr. Marv. However, he dies of torture in his cell and leaves behind the OILIX documents for Snake to find. Holly White ( ホーリー・ホワイト , Hōrī Howaito , Horry White in
13104-461: The attention of the CIA. She infiltrates Zanzibar Land as a journalist and assists Solid Snake over the course of the mission. Gustava Heffner ( グスタヴァ・ヘフナー , Gusutava Hefunā ) , originally named Natasha Marcova ( ナターシャ・マルコバァ , Natāsha Marukobaa ) in the MSX2 version of Metal Gear 2 , is a former professional figure skater . Once known as one of the world's best figure skaters (with stints in
13260-422: The battle as inventive, describing how it makes the player question their control over the game. Brendan Main of The Escapist posited that Mantis's ability to unnerve the player with their save data was an experience that was not replicable outside of Metal Gear Solid itself. This caused an uncertainty in the minds of players about their ability to properly control the game, and further emphasized how decisions in
13416-455: The boss sequence, describing how it made the game more immersive by requiring the player to interact directly with the game console. Japanese language Japanese ( 日本語 , Nihongo , [ɲihoŋɡo] ) is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people . It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan , the only country where it
13572-447: The box in order to defeat Psycho Mantis. Psycho Mantis's ability to directly interact with players received significant analysis. The book The Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games analyzed how Psycho Mantis's ability to dodge controller inputs exploited the player's comfort with the game, describing how it "defamiliarizes players" from the game's controls and mechanics. The book Hideo Kojima: Progressive Game Design describes how
13728-541: The bridge she is on. George Kasler ( ジョージ・ケスラー , Jōji Kesurā , George Kesler in the MSX2 version) is FOXHOUND's resident strategist and advisor whose military career includes service with mercenaries from South Africa and the French Foreign Legion , plus a short stint in negotiation and combat intelligence-gathering. He is also a veteran of the 1997 Mercenary War of Independence in Zanzibar Land, fighting
13884-643: The casting was directed by Kris Zimmerman and supervised by a member from Konami. Solid Snake's English voice actor was David Hayter , who, despite having issues with some of the dialogue in Metal Gear Solid , became attached to the series. Various Metal Gear Solid games have been expanded upon in remakes and other media, such as Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes , Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel , Metal Gear Solid 2: Digital Graphic Novel , and Metal Gear Online . Solid Snake ( ソリッド・スネーク , Soriddo Sunēku ) , real name David ( デイビッド , Deibiddo ) ,
14040-528: The central antagonist of Metal Gear Solid 4 as Liquid Ocelot ( リキッド・オセロット , Rikiddo Oserotto ) , and an ally of Venom Snake during Metal Gear Solid V . Playing a major role in the overall story, Ocelot often is working as a double or triple agent at any moment, with his overall intentions unclear. In Japanese, Revolver Ocelot was voiced by Kōji Totani (original depiction), Takumi Yamazaki (younger version), Satoshi Mikami (middle-aged version), and Banjō Ginga (Liquid Ocelot). In English, Revolver Ocelot
14196-482: The days when her uncle and Solid Snake were members as the unit's heyday, and wears a paint tattoo of the unit's old logo on her left shoulder. She joined the armed forces after graduating high school and received extensive psychotherapy to prevent any attraction to the opposite sex. Her weapon of choice is a Desert Eagle pistol. She was recruited by the Next-Generation Special Forces (Genome Soldiers),
14352-564: The effect of changing Japanese into a mora-timed language. Late Middle Japanese covers the years from 1185 to 1600, and is normally divided into two sections, roughly equivalent to the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period , respectively. The later forms of Late Middle Japanese are the first to be described by non-native sources, in this case the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries; and thus there
14508-551: The end of the story. She also appears in Metal Gear Online as a playable character. Meryl Silverburgh was voiced by Kyoko Terase in the Japanese version and by Debi Mae West in the English translation. Naomi Hunter ( ナオミ・ハンター , Naomi Hantā ) , nicknamed Dr. Naomi ( ドクター・ナオミ , Dokutā Naomi ) by her staff as opposed to the more formal Dr. Hunter, is a geneticist by practice, and specializes in nanotechnology-based gene therapy. In Metal Gear Solid , she
14664-466: The finale, Otacon told Snake that he will live with Snake for the remainder of his life, to serve as a witness of his existence. By the time of Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance in 2018, Otacon is mentioned to have officially adopted Sunny. Outside of the Metal Gear series, Otacon has made guest appearances in Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate , where he was one of Solid Snake's support crew available through taunting. Otacon
14820-423: The first appearance of European loanwords . The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo ) in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century–mid 19th century). Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, and words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese
14976-402: The first controller port to the second controller port, which will render Mantis unable to read their movements. Mantis is killed by Snake during the battle. In-game dialogue reveals that his mother had died while giving birth to him. His father hated him as a result. Mantis discovers this while reading his father's mind, causing Mantis to burn his village to the ground out of fear. Mantis joined
15132-464: The first games were given detailed backstories, the Cobra Unit members were intended to have little information known about them, resulting in a significant impact among players upon their deaths following their boss battles. This also gave Shinkawa difficulties in conceptualizing their visual appearances as a result of having little to no background details. By Metal Gear Solid 2 , Kojima was inspired by
15288-483: The first sequel to Metal Gear Solid so that it could follow either of the two endings from the first game. Meryl is first introduced as the teenage daughter of Roy Campbell's deceased brother, Matt Campbell, who died during the Gulf War . Born to a house of military traditions, Meryl trained herself throughout her childhood in the 'arts' of soldiery. She admired the FOXHOUND unit (a high-tech special forces group), viewing
15444-423: The game has been consistently received as one of the most iconic and celebrated scenes in video games. In the book 100 Greatest Video Game Characters , Nicholas David Bowman described how Psycho Mantis's boss battle crosses into direct engagement with the player, explaining that "Rarely has a game character violated so many assumptions about the rules of engagement—stretching the conflict from the television screen to
15600-426: The game were made by the will of the player, and not that of protagonist Solid Snake. Mantis's ability to influence the framework of the game was described by the book Once Upon a Pixel: Storytelling and Worldbuilding in Video Games as amplifying the tension of the encounter. The book Metagames: Games About Games highlighted how Psycho Mantis became far more powerful by breaking the fourth wall, using his control over
15756-470: The game's endings, he reveals Meryl is his daughter, the result of an affair between himself and his late brother's wife. In Metal Gear Solid 2 , he is impersonated by an elaborate AI constructed by supercomputer GW within Arsenal Gear for the Patriots who poses as Raiden's commanding officer and only communicates via codec. In Metal Gear Solid 3 , Campbell is not involved in the main story but he makes
15912-630: The game's setting. With the improvements offered by video game consoles like the PlayStation and PlayStation 2 , the staff gave the characters a more realistic look starting with Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty , although they initially had doubts about it. This brought difficulties to the staff, as they had to make the faces more realistic. When illustrating characters, Shinkawa does not focus on minor details (such as eyes, which he sometimes tries not to draw), instead illustrating something more symbolic. While Solid Snake remained easy to illustrate as
16068-480: The game, Null fights with Naked Snake twice. Snake eventually realizes that Null was a boy in Mozambique that used his innocence as a cover to kill dozens of government soldiers with only a knife while speaking a small amount of German, leading to the name "Frank Jaeger" (German for "Frank Hunter"). Snake defeats Jaeger and sends him somewhere outside of FOX for help. The game's backstory contradicts his true backstory as
16224-544: The game, the player must use the keyboard to trick Mantis, while later PlayStation console ports require players to go to the settings and switch their controller connection to Player 2. In the novelization of the game, the boss fight is adapted into a series of hallucinations where Snake reckons with deeper realizations about his character. The comic adaptation of the game had Mantis appear on a cliffhanger, threatening to use his powers to make Meryl shoot herself, before seemingly being defeated by Snake's ally Master Miller . Miller
16380-609: The genitive particle ga remains in intentionally archaic speech. Early Middle Japanese is the Japanese of the Heian period , from 794 to 1185. It formed the basis for the literary standard of Classical Japanese , which remained in common use until the early 20th century. During this time, Japanese underwent numerous phonological developments, in many cases instigated by an influx of Chinese loanwords . These included phonemic length distinction for both consonants and vowels , palatal consonants (e.g. kya ) and labial consonant clusters (e.g. kwa ), and closed syllables . This had
16536-575: The hostages held in the Big Shell. Apparently, he was successful in this and stays in contact to support Raiden until he defeated Solidus. When Snake met Otacon at their hideout, he was given the disk that contained data on the Wisemen's Committee to look over, which included names and whereabouts. After this (the ending note), Otacon told Snake about the information on the disc: the twelve members had been dead for about 100 years. Otacon appeared once more as Old Snake's support man in Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of
16692-495: The identity of Outer Heaven's leader, but is silenced before he can mention his name. In Metal Gear 2 , Schneider appears under the guise of Black Ninja ( ブラック・ニンジャ , Burakku Ninja ) (Black Color ( ブラック・カラー , Burakku Karā ) in the original MSX2 version), a high-tech ninja under the service of Zanzibar Land and the first boss in the game. Solid Snake defeats him during a battle, but does not learn his true identity until he collapses. He then reveals to Snake that NATO led
16848-453: The languages of the original Jōmon inhabitants, including the ancestor of the modern Ainu language . Because writing had yet to be introduced from China, there is no direct evidence, and anything that can be discerned about this period must be based on internal reconstruction from Old Japanese , or comparison with the Ryukyuan languages and Japanese dialects . The Chinese writing system
17004-449: The languages. Okinawan Japanese is a variant of Standard Japanese influenced by the Ryūkyūan languages, and is the primary dialect spoken among young people in the Ryukyu Islands . Modern Japanese has become prevalent nationwide (including the Ryūkyū islands) due to education , mass media , and an increase in mobility within Japan, as well as economic integration. Japanese is a member of
17160-427: The large quantity of English loanwords, modern Japanese has developed a distinction between [tɕi] and [ti] , and [dʑi] and [di] , with the latter in each pair only found in loanwords. Although Japanese is spoken almost exclusively in Japan, it has also been spoken outside of the country. Before and during World War II , through Japanese annexation of Taiwan and Korea , as well as partial occupation of China ,
17316-590: The lead engineer for the Metal Gear REX project. He jumped at the chance to make an actual mecha type robot, which appears frequently in the anime he enjoys. He was led to believe that it was a mobile defense system, but in reality it was a nuclear doomsday weapon . During the events of Metal Gear Solid , Otacon encountered Solid Snake who had informed him of the true nature of Metal Gear REX. Devastated, Otacon realized that he had written yet another chapter in his family's dark history—his grandfather had worked on
17472-560: The likes of Huey and Quiet of betrayal and calling for the defectors' deaths. Miller takes little satisfaction with vengeance on Skull Face but nevertheless believes in Diamond Dogs' cause. However, his faith is shaken with the revelation that a body double was used for Big Boss which ultimately prompted him to reject Big Boss. Miller's later years has him serving as a survival coach within FOXHOUND while acting as Solid Snake's mentor in Metal Gear 2 before he's murdered for Liquid Snake's identity theft in Metal Gear Solid . The character in
17628-404: The new prototype Metal Gear RAY. The e-mail was actually a trap for the Patriots to lure Solid Snake out of hiding and frame him for terrorism, by having Ocelot hijack RAY and place the blame on Snake with forged evidence. When the tanker was destroyed by Ocelot, Otacon took a boat and managed to save Snake, as well as Olga Gurlukovich . Otacon was forced to fake Snake's death after he was framed by
17784-608: The nuclear strike capabilities and later is a founding member of the non-profit Philanthropy organization while dealing with more personal problems. Hal Emmerich was born in 1980 to Dr. "Huey" Emmerich and Dr. Strangelove, a pair of former scientists. When Hal was still young, Huey attempted using him as a test pilot for the Metal Gear ST-84, as the machine could only be piloted by a child. Strangelove vehemently opposed this, leading to an argument between Hal's parents and to Huey ultimately killing Strangelove. Years later, Huey married
17940-425: The only strict rule of word order is that the verb must be placed at the end of a sentence (possibly followed by sentence-end particles). This is because Japanese sentence elements are marked with particles that identify their grammatical functions. The basic sentence structure is topic–comment . For example, Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu ( こちらは田中さんです ). kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by
18096-593: The original Metal Gear and Dr. Pettrovich Madnar in the MSX2 version of Metal Gear 2 ) is an Eastern engineer. He's responsible for creating the TX-55 Metal Gear mecha in the original Metal Gear , as well as the TX-11 Arnold (Bloody Brad) androids. Dr. Madnar is one of the hostages Snake must rescue along with his daughter Ellen ( エレン , Eren ) . In Metal Gear 2 , Dr. Madnar bitterly defects to Zanzibar Land and develops Metal Gear D after being rejected by
18252-469: The original Metal Gear Solid games as Shalashaska ( シャラシャーシカ , Sharashāshika ) where he acts as Liquid Snake's right-hand man within FOXHOUND during Metal Gear Solid , Solidus Snake's right-hand man and the Patriots' agent during Metal Gear Solid 2 , both Naked Snake's friendly rival and the Philosophers' triple agent during Metal Gear Solid 3 as Major Ocelot ( オセロット少佐 , Oserotto-shōsa ) ,
18408-482: The original Metal Gear Solid games, Solid Snake works with Otacon and Raiden while opposing Liquid Snake 's FOXHOUND, Solidus Snake, the Patriots and Revolver Ocelot . Additionally, the Metal Gear Solid prequels follow Big Boss's past as Naked Snake and development of a living legend via Venom Snake , as well as the origins of the various aforementioned organizations. While the original Metal Gear games had their character designs modeled after Hollywood actors,
18564-664: The original Cyborg Ninja's exoskeleton appears as a downloadable content skin for Raiden in Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance , and Venom Snake in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain . Kojima was interested in developing a game with Gray Fox as the main playable character. In the Japanese version, the character was voiced by Kaneto Shiozawa (in Metal Gear Solid ), Jun Fukuyama (in Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops ) and Takumi Yamazaki (in Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel ). In
18720-520: The original MSX2 version) is an American freelance journalist. Born from a French mother and an English father, she became interested in literature at an early age and was later awarded the Pulitzer Prize for her coverage in Afghanistan plus an Emmy Award (mistakenly referred to in the original manual as a Grammy Award) for her documentary Unknown Bloodstream . Her newfound fame eventually gets her
18876-470: The out-group gives a benefit to the in-group, and "up" to indicate the in-group gives a benefit to the out-group. Here, the in-group includes the speaker and the out-group does not, and their boundary depends on context. For example, oshiete moratta ( 教えてもらった ) (literally, "explaining got" with a benefit from the out-group to the in-group) means "[he/she/they] explained [it] to [me/us]". Similarly, oshiete ageta ( 教えてあげた ) (literally, "explaining gave" with
19032-415: The particle wa . The verb desu is a copula , commonly translated as "to be" or "it is" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"), though technically it holds no meaning and is used to give a sentence 'politeness'. As a phrase, Tanaka-san desu is the comment. This sentence literally translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mx Tanaka." Thus Japanese, like many other Asian languages,
19188-464: The player out of the normal game flow they were experiencing as Snake. The book Performativity in Art, Literature, and Videogames also described a "feedback loop" caused by the player's involvement with Psycho Mantis's fourth-wall breaking, stating that the battle caused confusion between "human physiological processes and computational processes". Other academics additionally noted the metanarrative impact of
19344-479: The player's input to make them feel more vulnerable. Chad Concelmo of Destructoid stated that Psycho Mantis's manipulation of the fourth wall was revolutionary for the time and was able to maintain its weight even long after the game's release, more than other scenes with greater emotional weight. His dissonance from other bosses in the game was highlighted by the book 50 Years of Boss Fights: Video Game Legends , as unlike prior bosses, players had to think outside of
19500-401: The player's own mind." In IGN ' s ranking of gaming's greatest villains, the publication stated that Mantis "attacked players on all fronts," with his manipulation of Meryl preying on the feelings players developed for her at that point in the game. A Brief History of Video Games noted how breaking the fourth wall was both varied and unique, making the battle "a bravura performance rather than
19656-552: The player, emphasizing the player's importance in the game narrative, and requiring them to take action in the real world in order to save the game's protagonist. Once Upon a Pixel: Storytelling and Worldbuilding in Video Games described how the sequence was able to remind players of the fact that the world of Metal Gear Solid was in a video game, and that while they controlled Snake, they themselves would never amount to actually being Snake. This created conflicting feelings of identification and alienation, with Mantis's actions pushing
19812-458: The prequels was voiced by Tomokazu Sugita in the Japanese version and by Robin Atkin Downes in the English translation. Dr. Kio Marv ( キオ・マルフ , Kio Marufu ) is a Czechoslovak biotechnologist. In the backstory of Solid Snake , Marv had successfully created a new algae species called OILIX that could produce petroleum-grade hydrocarbons with little expense and effort. Marv presented
19968-477: The proposed larger Altaic family, or to various Southeast Asian languages , especially Austronesian . None of these proposals have gained wide acceptance (and the Altaic family itself is now considered controversial). As it stands, only the link to Ryukyuan has wide support. Other theories view the Japanese language as an early creole language formed through inputs from at least two distinct language groups, or as
20124-488: The rage of protagonist Venom Snake 's ally, Eli , who earns Rebenok's allegiance. This allows Eli to gain control over the robot. A commercial advertising the Ford Focus aired in 2016, which parodied the scene where Mantis reads Snake's mind. Psycho Mantis's English voice actor, Doug Stone , reprised his role as Mantis for the commercial. A statuette of Psycho Mantis was also released in 2018. Psycho Mantis additionally made
20280-459: The same structure as affirmative sentences, but with intonation rising at the end. In the formal register, the question particle -ka is added. For example, ii desu ( いいです ) "It is OK" becomes ii desu-ka ( いいですか。 ) "Is it OK?". In a more informal tone sometimes the particle -no ( の ) is added instead to show a personal interest of the speaker: Dōshite konai-no? "Why aren't (you) coming?". Some simple queries are formed simply by mentioning
20436-415: The scene for its impact on the player's experience, including in the form of the player's relationship with the on-screen protagonist, Solid Snake . Psycho Mantis is a psychic and an antagonist in the game Metal Gear Solid . He appears halfway through the game in a dialog and battle sequence. Protagonist Solid Snake receives romantic advances from his ally Meryl Silverburgh , only to discover that she
20592-535: The scientific community. He comes in contact with Solid Snake in the game while posing as a hostage, but attacks him after the truth is revealed. His name is mentioned in Metal Gear Solid 4 as the scientist who saved Raiden's life after he was turned into a cyborg. A character with the same name also plays a supporting role in Hideo Kojima's adventure game Snatcher , although the English-language version for
20748-663: The series, Kojima attempted creating more challenging antagonists for the boss battles . This resulted in Big Boss's clones from Metal Gear Solid and Metal Gear Solid 2 that had the same abilities as Solid Snake, the legendary Cobra Unit from Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater who participated in World War II , and the Beauty and the Beast Corps from Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots that had few human traits. While villains during
20904-797: The state as at the time the constitution was written, many of the elders participating in the process had been educated in Japanese during the South Seas Mandate over the island shown by the 1958 census of the Trust Territory of the Pacific that found that 89% of Palauans born between 1914 and 1933 could speak and read Japanese, but as of the 2005 Palau census there were no residents of Angaur that spoke Japanese at home. Japanese dialects typically differ in terms of pitch accent , inflectional morphology , vocabulary , and particle usage. Some even differ in vowel and consonant inventories, although this
21060-476: The street. (grammatically incorrect insertion of a pronoun) But one can grammatically say essentially the same thing in Japanese: 驚いた彼は道を走っていった。 Transliteration: Odoroita kare wa michi o hashitte itta. (grammatically correct) This is partly because these words evolved from regular nouns, such as kimi "you" ( 君 "lord"), anata "you" ( あなた "that side, yonder"), and boku "I" ( 僕 "servant"). This
21216-476: The system's memory card to read what other games the player is a fan of. If the player has a DualShock vibrating controller, Mantis will instruct the player to place it on the ground, at which point he will activate the controller's rumble effect. He then causes the console to appear to disconnect before transitioning into battle, in which he can seemingly read all of the player's movements. Following advice from in-game hints, players can shift their controller from
21372-402: The time, characters were pastiches of contemporary action movie heroes. Once Shinkawa started designing the characters in PlayStation 's Metal Gear Solid , they were given their respective established visual appearances. As a result of hardware limitations, Shinkawa designed them to appeal to gamers. Because of the time skip between titles, a few of the characters were redesigned to fit in
21528-571: The topic with an interrogative intonation to call for the hearer's attention: Kore wa? "(What about) this?"; O-namae wa? ( お名前は？ ) "(What's your) name?". Negatives are formed by inflecting the verb. For example, Pan o taberu ( パンを食べる。 ) "I will eat bread" or "I eat bread" becomes Pan o tabenai ( パンを食べない。 ) "I will not eat bread" or "I do not eat bread". Plain negative forms are i -adjectives (see below) and inflect as such, e.g. Pan o tabenakatta ( パンを食べなかった。 ) "I did not eat bread". Venom Snake The Metal Gear franchise features
21684-495: The torture section, Snake rescues a wounded Meryl in the final section of the game and they escape the facility together before their jeep crashes with Liquid Snake's, allowing them to have their deaths faked by Roy and Mei Ling. However, if the player submits to the torture, Snake discovers that Meryl has died during her imprisonment and he leaves her body to be buried by the collapsing structure with REX's remains. When Snake informs Campbell of Meryl's death, Campbell reveals that Meryl
21840-419: The two consonants are the moraic nasal followed by a homorganic consonant. Japanese also includes a pitch accent , which is not represented in moraic writing; for example [haꜜ.ɕi] ("chopsticks") and [ha.ɕiꜜ] ("bridge") are both spelled はし ( hashi ) , and are only differentiated by the tone contour. Japanese word order is classified as subject–object–verb . Unlike many Indo-European languages ,
21996-577: The two methods were both used in writing until the 1940s. Bungo still has some relevance for historians, literary scholars, and lawyers (many Japanese laws that survived World War II are still written in bungo , although there are ongoing efforts to modernize their language). Kōgo is the dominant method of both speaking and writing Japanese today, although bungo grammar and vocabulary are occasionally used in modern Japanese for effect. The 1982 state constitution of Angaur , Palau , names Japanese along with Palauan and English as an official language of
22152-472: The two terms (''hyōjungo'' and ''kyōtsūgo'') are almost the same. Hyōjungo or kyōtsūgo is a conception that forms the counterpart of dialect. This normative language was born after the Meiji Restoration ( 明治維新 , meiji ishin , 1868) from the language spoken in the higher-class areas of Tokyo (see Yamanote ). Hyōjungo is taught in schools and used on television and in official communications. It
22308-421: The use of a prototype railgun attached to his arm. However, Fox is mortally wounded and begs Snake to kill him and destroy REX with a Stinger , but Snake refuses to shoot. Saying goodbye to his comrade, Fox is killed by REX. Raiden initially believed the original Cyborg Ninja was alive in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty during Solidus Snake's Manhattan incident before learning that the person in question
22464-407: The verb (e.g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the -k- in the final mora of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form (e.g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ , where modern Japanese just has hayaku , though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu "good morning"; this ending
22620-430: The vice-president of the fictional Worldwide Animal Rights Federation and works for the science magazine Maxwell . He is revealed to have been acquainted with Dr. Madnar since their college days and is in Zanzibar Land to study indigenous animals. Revolver Ocelot ( リボルバー・オセロット , Riborubā Oserotto ) is a recurring gunslinger antagonist during the Metal Gear Solid games. He is a major nemesis of Solid Snake during
22776-548: The world. Since Japanese first gained the consideration of linguists in the late 19th century, attempts have been made to show its genealogical relation to languages or language families such as Ainu , Korean , Chinese , Tibeto-Burman , Uralic , Altaic (or Ural-Altaic ), Austroasiatic , Austronesian and Dravidian . At the fringe, some linguists have even suggested a link to Indo-European languages , including Greek , or to Sumerian . Main modern theories try to link Japanese either to northern Asian languages, like Korean or
22932-425: Was actually his biological daughter, conceived from an affair between him and his sister-in-law, and this secret was kept from Meryl by her biological parents and they never get the chance to tell her in this alternate ending (the subject of Meryl's paternity is brought up again in Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance during "Confidential Legacy", one of the non-canonical Snake Tales missions). The fictional publication In
23088-535: Was based on 12- to 20-second-long recordings of 135 to 244 phonemes , which 42 students listened to and translated word-for-word. The listeners were all Keio University students who grew up in the Kanto region . There are some language islands in mountain villages or isolated islands such as Hachijō-jima island , whose dialects are descended from Eastern Old Japanese . Dialects of the Kansai region are spoken or known by many Japanese, and Osaka dialect in particular
23244-718: Was imported to Japan from Baekje around the start of the fifth century, alongside Buddhism. The earliest texts were written in Classical Chinese , although some of these were likely intended to be read as Japanese using the kanbun method, and show influences of Japanese grammar such as Japanese word order. The earliest text, the Kojiki , dates to the early eighth century, and was written entirely in Chinese characters, which are used to represent, at different times, Chinese, kanbun , and Old Japanese. As in other texts from this period,
23400-465: Was lost immediately following its composition.) This set of morae shrank to 67 in Early Middle Japanese , though some were added through Chinese influence. Man'yōgana also has a symbol for /je/ , which merges with /e/ before the end of the period. Several fossilizations of Old Japanese grammatical elements remain in the modern language – the genitive particle tsu (superseded by modern no )
23556-459: Was modeled after actor Tom Berenger . In the first game , he goes missing during a mission to Outer Heaven , with his last transmission being a cryptic message simply saying "Metal Gear". Fox is later rescued by Solid Snake, and reveals the TX-55 Metal Gear's true nature to the player. Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake revealed that Gray Fox left FOXHOUND and defected to Zanzibar Land. Fox pilots
23712-407: Was shot and subsequently captured by FOXHOUND member Sniper Wolf. In an attempt to rescue Meryl and complete his mission, Snake engaged in a sniping duel with Wolf and was eventually lured into an ambush by her where he was also captured. Snake is then put through a series of torture trials by Revolver Ocelot; at this point, the player's actions dictate Meryl's fate. If the player successfully completes
23868-582: Was taken prisoner and placed on the same holding cell level with ArmsTech President Kenneth Baker who gave her the card needed to activate REX. She manages to escape confinement and meets up with Snake, and the two eventually begin working together. Meryl manages to stay hidden by disguising herself as one of the Genome Soldiers using the clothes she stole from Johnny Sasaki, the guard that was watching her cell. When Psycho Mantis takes control of Meryl's mind, Snake knocks her out before fighting Mantis. Later Meryl
24024-400: Was to switch the controller ports, which was controversial among younger members of the team. Mantis was designed by character artist Yoji Shinkawa. Psycho Mantis has been portrayed in voice by Doug Stone in English and by Kazuyuki Sogabe in Japanese. Later adaptations of the game had to re-imagine interactions with Psycho Mantis that were designed for the PlayStation hardware. In PC ports of
24180-616: Was voiced by Hideyuki Tanaka in the Japanese version and by Christopher Randolph in the English translation. Meryl Silverburgh ( メリル・シルバーバーグ , Meriru Shirubābāgu ) in the Metal Gear series is based on a supporting character of the same name in Hideo Kojima 's earlier game Policenauts (1994) where the character was originally designed by Tomiharu Kinoshita. Kojima liked the character so much that he used her name, likeness, voice actress ( Kyoko Terase ) and other characteristics for
24336-427: Was voiced by Patric Zimmerman (original depiction and Liquid Ocelot), Joshua Keaton (younger version), and Troy Baker (middle-aged version). Hal Emmerich ( ハル・エメリッヒ , Haru Emerihhi ) , nicknamed Otacon ( オタコン , Otakon ) , is a recurring character in the Metal Gear Solid series and Solid Snake's close friend. He is introduced as an employee of ArmsTech and Metal Gear REX 's engineer that learns of
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