105-473: Promare ( Japanese : プロメア , Hepburn : Puromea ) is a 2019 Japanese animated science fiction action film co-produced by Trigger and XFLAG. It was directed by Hiroyuki Imaishi and written by Kazuki Nakashima . It features character and mecha designs by Shigeto Koyama, 3DCG animation by Sanzigen , and music by Hiroyuki Sawano . The film was released on May 24, 2019, in Japan, by Toho Animation . At
210-538: A "single" by the group) all debuted at the top of the Oricon Weekly Album Charts, a first for a female recording artist in Japan in over seven years. Shiho Ochi ( 越智 志帆 , Ochi Shiho ) met Kōichi Tabo ( 多保 孝一 , Tabo Kōichi ) in 2003 while they were students at Matsuyama University . They were both members of a music circle that covered songs by Finger 5 and the Rolling Stones . In 2004,
315-522: A Grade A. Comparing it to previous works by Gainax and Trigger such as Gurren Lagann and Kill la Kill . Morrissy claimed that: " Promare is a refinement of the Trigger formula to the point where I honestly believe it has outdone the classics that inspired it." Gadget Tsūshin listed "Annihilation Beam", a phrase from the film, in their 2019 anime buzzwords list. Japanese language Japanese ( 日本語 , Nihongo , [ɲihoŋɡo] )
420-501: A Thousand Dances ", and " Born to Lose ", in addition to covers of her own songs "Tanjō", "Manifesto", "Free Planet", "Alright!!", " Rock and Roll, Hoochie Koo ", and " Bitch ". Superfly's song " Beep!! " was used as the theme for the film Manzai Gang , and was on a double A-side single with " Sunshine Sunshine ", a song used for the KDDI "Meet the Music 2011" campaign. It was intended that she
525-624: A benefit from the in-group to the out-group) means "[I/we] explained [it] to [him/her/them]". Such beneficiary auxiliary verbs thus serve a function comparable to that of pronouns and prepositions in Indo-European languages to indicate the actor and the recipient of an action. Japanese "pronouns" also function differently from most modern Indo-European pronouns (and more like nouns) in that they can take modifiers as any other noun may. For instance, one does not say in English: The amazed he ran down
630-414: A distinct language of its own that has absorbed various aspects from neighboring languages. Japanese has five vowels, and vowel length is phonemic, with each having both a short and a long version. Elongated vowels are usually denoted with a line over the vowel (a macron ) in rōmaji , a repeated vowel character in hiragana , or a chōonpu succeeding the vowel in katakana . /u/ ( listen )
735-439: A drill Prometh designed, Galo reaches the ship's core in time and defeats Kray using Lio's flame. While Lio is nearly killed due to the warp drive, he revives him using the mouth-to-mouth technique. After fusing with Earth's core, Lio convinces Galo to combine the drive with the mecha to protect life on Earth. The Promare envelop the surface, allowing them to burn completely and harmlessly and satisfying their natural urge, allowing
840-667: A feat not duplicated by a female artist since Hikaru Utada in 2004. In August 2011, Superfly announced that the band would go on an arena tour titled "Shout in the Rainbow!!", with shows at the Saitama Super Arena , the Nagoya Nippon Gaishi Hall , and the Osaka-jō Hall . This news was followed by the release of the band's 14th single " Ai o Kurae ", a song for their upcoming 4th album. In 2012, Superfly participated in
945-469: A fire several years ago. After Galo confronts Kray, he informs him that Earth will soon be destroyed by an uncontrollable surge of magma from its core and that the Burnish's abilities can be used to create a warp drive , which he intends to use to flee Earth with a select portion of humanity. Galo opposes this plan, but is arrested for treason . Meanwhile, Freeze Force manages to track down and recapture all of
1050-423: A free live concert at Tokyo's Yoyogi Park with livecasts on various internet services on the release date, Force was supported by a 35-stop concert hall tour called "Superfly Tour 2012 'Live Force'", starting on October 26, 2012. Superfly has also recorded a duet with Tortoise Matsumoto titled " STARS " which will be used by Fuji Television as its theme song for its broadcasts of the 2012 Summer Olympics . It
1155-419: A glide /j/ and either the first part of a geminate consonant ( っ / ッ , represented as Q) or a moraic nasal in the coda ( ん / ン , represented as N). The nasal is sensitive to its phonetic environment and assimilates to the following phoneme, with pronunciations including [ɴ, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ɰ̃] . Onset-glide clusters only occur at the start of syllables but clusters across syllables are allowed as long as
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#17330856074621260-533: A line of Woodstock and hippie subculture themed clothing called "Cosmic Market". Superfly's first single since Box Emotions, titled " Dancing on the Fire ", won Best Rock Video at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards Japan . April saw the release of Dancing at Budokan!! , Superfly's second video album featuring the band's performance at the Nippon Budokan in 2009. Her first release of 2010, "Tamashii Revolution",
1365-479: A listener depending on the listener's relative social position and the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the listener. When used in different social relationships, the same word may have positive (intimate or respectful) or negative (distant or disrespectful) connotations. Japanese often use titles of the person referred to where pronouns would be used in English. For example, when speaking to one's teacher, it
1470-592: A message from Imaishi. However, the third screening in North America was postponed during COVID-19 pandemic . It was later rescheduled to September 16 and 19, 2021, along with Takashi Yamazaki 's Lupin III: The First . To promote the upcoming European release, Trigger partnered with Goodsmile Racing and Black Falcon team to field a Mercedes-AMG GT3 with Promare livery in the 2019 Spa 24 Hours endurance race. The car started on pole position and finished 3rd. In
1575-619: A national tour in 2011, visiting 32 cities and 35 venues. The tour, dubbed "Mind Traveler", supported the group's third studio album Mind Travel , which was released on June 15, 2011. Superfly also held a free concert at the Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse to celebrate the release, and did a free stream on Ustream.tv . On June 21, 2011, Mind Travel topped the Oricon's weekly album charts having sold over 166,000 copies, making it Superfly's fourth consecutive album to debut at number 1,
1680-443: A police force owned by the city's governor, Kray Foresight, arrests them. However, Lio and the other prisoners break free and escape to a cave near a frozen lake, where Galo witnesses Lio failing to revive a mortally injured Burnish using a mouth-to-mouth flame transfer technique. Before they escape, Lio tells Galo that Kray is capturing Burnish for human experimentation , which shocks Galo as he worshipped Kray after he saved him from
1785-408: A sentence need not be stated and pronouns may be omitted if they can be inferred from context. In the example above, hana ga nagai would mean "[their] noses are long", while nagai by itself would mean "[they] are long." A single verb can be a complete sentence: Yatta! ( やった! ) "[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". In addition, since adjectives can form the predicate in a Japanese sentence (below),
1890-637: A session band called "The Lemon Bats" (consisting of Mo'Some Tonebender 's Kazuhiro Momo and Superfly's touring & recording guitarist Yoshiyuki Yatsuhashi on guitar, record producer Koichi Tsutaya on keyboard, Straightener 's Hidekazu Hinata on bass, and Tatsuya Nakamura on drums) in a show called the Switch 25th Anniversary presents Superfly & The Lemon Bats Special Live "Rock'N' Roll Muncher" . Performing as "Superfly & The Lemon Bats", Ochi performed covers of " Dr. Feelgood ", " Beat It ", " Barracuda ", " White Room ", " I Saw Her Standing There ", " Land of
1995-428: A single adjective can be a complete sentence: Urayamashii! ( 羨ましい! ) "[I'm] jealous [about it]!". While the language has some words that are typically translated as pronouns, these are not used as frequently as pronouns in some Indo-European languages, and function differently. In some cases, Japanese relies on special verb forms and auxiliary verbs to indicate the direction of benefit of an action: "down" to indicate
2100-691: A single in collaboration with the Australian band Jet , titled " I Spy I Spy ". Superfly's debut album Superfly was released on May 14, 2008, topping the Japanese Oricon weekly album charts for two weeks. The release of the album was also celebrated with a free concert at Yoyogi Park in Tokyo. Following its release, Ochi, who has a great admiration for Janis Joplin , was given the chance to travel to San Francisco in 2008 where she travelled through Haight-Ashbury and met up with Sam Andrew of Big Brother and
2205-425: A special edition of the album including a bonus CD, a vinyl copy of the album, and a commemorative poster Was released along with a standard single-CD edition, a limited two CD edition, and an edition exclusively released through Lawson convenience stores. One week later, Shout in the Rainbow!! would top the Oricon's Blu-ray weekly rankings, making Superfly the fourth ever solo artist to top those charts. After
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#17330856074622310-675: Is compressed rather than protruded , or simply unrounded. Some Japanese consonants have several allophones , which may give the impression of a larger inventory of sounds. However, some of these allophones have since become phonemic. For example, in the Japanese language up to and including the first half of the 20th century, the phonemic sequence /ti/ was palatalized and realized phonetically as [tɕi] , approximately chi ( listen ) ; however, now [ti] and [tɕi] are distinct, as evidenced by words like tī [tiː] "Western-style tea" and chii [tɕii] "social status". The "r" of
2415-421: Is topic–comment . Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or form questions. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender , and there are no articles . Verbs are conjugated , primarily for tense and voice , but not person . Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a complex system of honorifics , with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of
2520-490: Is a Japanese rock act that debuted on April 4, 2007. Formerly a duo, the act now consists solely of lyricist and vocalist Shiho Ochi with former guitarist Kōichi Tabo still credited as the group's composer and part-time lyricist. Superfly's first two studio albums were certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan , and their first four consecutive albums (the third being classified as
2625-514: Is a side effect of subjecting the Promare to pain, and Kray's experiments on the Burnish using incomplete, stolen technology are accelerating its growth. He also reveals that the collective agony caused by the Promare-powered warp drive will lead to Earth's destruction. In a mecha of Deus' design called Deus X Machina , Galo and Lio return to Promepolis to confront Kray, and in the ensuing battle,
2730-445: Is also seen in o-medetō "congratulations", from medetaku ). Late Middle Japanese has the first loanwords from European languages – now-common words borrowed into Japanese in this period include pan ("bread") and tabako ("tobacco", now "cigarette"), both from Portuguese . Modern Japanese is considered to begin with the Edo period (which spanned from 1603 to 1867). Since Old Japanese,
2835-519: Is also used in a limited fashion (such as for imported acronyms) in Japanese writing. The numeral system uses mostly Arabic numerals , but also traditional Chinese numerals . Proto-Japonic , the common ancestor of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages , is thought to have been brought to Japan by settlers coming from the Korean peninsula sometime in the early- to mid-4th century BC (the Yayoi period ), replacing
2940-440: Is appropriate to use sensei ( 先生 , "teacher"), but inappropriate to use anata . This is because anata is used to refer to people of equal or lower status, and one's teacher has higher status. Japanese nouns have no grammatical number, gender or article aspect. The noun hon ( 本 ) may refer to a single book or several books; hito ( 人 ) can mean "person" or "people", and ki ( 木 ) can be "tree" or "trees". Where number
3045-684: Is associated with comedy (see Kansai dialect ). Dialects of Tōhoku and North Kantō are associated with typical farmers. The Ryūkyūan languages, spoken in Okinawa and the Amami Islands (administratively part of Kagoshima ), are distinct enough to be considered a separate branch of the Japonic family; not only is each language unintelligible to Japanese speakers, but most are unintelligible to those who speak other Ryūkyūan languages. However, in contrast to linguists, many ordinary Japanese people tend to consider
3150-462: Is better documentation of Late Middle Japanese phonology than for previous forms (for instance, the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam ). Among other sound changes, the sequence /au/ merges to /ɔː/ , in contrast with /oː/ ; /p/ is reintroduced from Chinese; and /we/ merges with /je/ . Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending - te begins to reduce onto
3255-509: Is correlated with the sex of the speaker and the social situation in which they are spoken: men and women alike in a formal situation generally refer to themselves as watashi ( 私 , literally "private") or watakushi (also 私 , hyper-polite form), while men in rougher or intimate conversation are much more likely to use the word ore ( 俺 "oneself", "myself") or boku . Similarly, different words such as anata , kimi , and omae ( お前 , more formally 御前 "the one before me") may refer to
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3360-417: Is important, it can be indicated by providing a quantity (often with a counter word ) or (rarely) by adding a suffix, or sometimes by duplication (e.g. 人人 , hitobito , usually written with an iteration mark as 人々 ). Words for people are usually understood as singular. Thus Tanaka-san usually means Mx Tanaka . Words that refer to people and animals can be made to indicate a group of individuals through
3465-722: Is less common. In terms of mutual intelligibility , a survey in 1967 found that the four most unintelligible dialects (excluding Ryūkyūan languages and Tōhoku dialects ) to students from Greater Tokyo were the Kiso dialect (in the deep mountains of Nagano Prefecture ), the Himi dialect (in Toyama Prefecture ), the Kagoshima dialect and the Maniwa dialect (in Okayama Prefecture ). The survey
3570-420: Is often called a topic-prominent language , which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and that the two do not always coincide. The sentence Zō wa hana ga nagai ( 象は鼻が長い ) literally means, "As for elephant(s), (the) nose(s) (is/are) long". The topic is zō "elephant", and the subject is hana "nose". Japanese grammar tends toward brevity; the subject or object of
3675-489: Is preserved in words such as matsuge ("eyelash", lit. "hair of the eye"); modern mieru ("to be visible") and kikoeru ("to be audible") retain a mediopassive suffix - yu(ru) ( kikoyu → kikoyuru (the attributive form, which slowly replaced the plain form starting in the late Heian period) → kikoeru (all verbs with the shimo-nidan conjugation pattern underwent this same shift in Early Modern Japanese )); and
3780-646: Is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people . It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan , the only country where it is the national language , and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language . There have been many attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as
3885-402: Is the version of Japanese discussed in this article. Formerly, standard Japanese in writing ( 文語 , bungo , "literary language") was different from colloquial language ( 口語 , kōgo ) . The two systems have different rules of grammar and some variance in vocabulary. Bungo was the main method of writing Japanese until about 1900; since then kōgo gradually extended its influence and
3990-517: Is used by J-WAVE as the theme song for their 25th anniversary. The album was then announced to be simply titled Superfly Best , and includes the 26 singles Superfly has released since their major debut and three new songs: "Starting Over", "Always", and "Bi-Li-Li Emotion". The album sold 157 thousand copies in its first week, earning the number 1 spot on the Oricon . Superfly Best became Superfly's 6th consecutive number 1 album, making Shiho Ochi only
4095-471: Is used for the present and the future. For verbs that represent an ongoing process, the -te iru form indicates a continuous (or progressive) aspect , similar to the suffix ing in English. For others that represent a change of state, the -te iru form indicates a perfect aspect. For example, kite iru means "They have come (and are still here)", but tabete iru means "They are eating". Questions (both with an interrogative pronoun and yes/no questions) have
4200-405: Is why some linguists do not classify Japanese "pronouns" as pronouns, but rather as referential nouns, much like Spanish usted (contracted from vuestra merced , "your ( majestic plural ) grace") or Portuguese você (from vossa mercê ). Japanese personal pronouns are generally used only in situations requiring special emphasis as to who is doing what to whom. The choice of words used as pronouns
4305-555: The Ainu , Austronesian , Koreanic , and the now-discredited Altaic , but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered
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4410-455: The Japonic language family, which also includes the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands . As these closely related languages are commonly treated as dialects of the same language, Japanese is sometimes called a language isolate . According to Martine Irma Robbeets , Japanese has been subject to more attempts to show its relation to other languages than any other language in
4515-504: The Philippines , and various Pacific islands, locals in those countries learned Japanese as the language of the empire. As a result, many elderly people in these countries can still speak Japanese. Japanese emigrant communities (the largest of which are to be found in Brazil , with 1.4 million to 1.5 million Japanese immigrants and descendants, according to Brazilian IBGE data, more than
4620-716: The United States (notably in Hawaii , where 16.7% of the population has Japanese ancestry, and California ), and the Philippines (particularly in Davao Region and the Province of Laguna ). Japanese has no official status in Japan, but is the de facto national language of the country. There is a form of the language considered standard : hyōjungo ( 標準語 ) , meaning "standard Japanese", or kyōtsūgo ( 共通語 ) , "common language", or even "Tokyo dialect" at times. The meanings of
4725-794: The de facto standard Japanese had been the Kansai dialect , especially that of Kyoto . However, during the Edo period, Edo (now Tokyo) developed into the largest city in Japan, and the Edo-area dialect became standard Japanese. Since the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages has increased significantly. The period since 1945 has seen many words borrowed from other languages—such as German, Portuguese and English. Many English loan words especially relate to technology—for example, pasokon (short for "personal computer"), intānetto ("internet"), and kamera ("camera"). Due to
4830-518: The 1.2 million of the United States ) sometimes employ Japanese as their primary language. Approximately 12% of Hawaii residents speak Japanese, with an estimated 12.6% of the population of Japanese ancestry in 2008. Japanese emigrants can also be found in Peru , Argentina , Australia (especially in the eastern states), Canada (especially in Vancouver , where 1.4% of the population has Japanese ancestry),
4935-461: The 2019 Annecy International Animation Film Festival , the film was selected as one of the ten films. It was nominated for Best Animated Feature — Independent at the 47th Annie Awards , but lost to Jérémy Clapin's I Lost My Body . During a catastrophe known as the Great World Blaze, mass spontaneous human combustions caused fires that killed half the world's population. During and after
5040-419: The Burnish population except for Lio, whom his companions send into a nearby volcano. Enraged by the mistreatment of his people, Lio unleashes his hatred and transforms into a giant flaming dragon that burns down the city with the intent of confronting Kray. Galo escapes from prison and intervenes with the help of Burning Rescue, restraining and cooling Lio enough for Galo's colleague, Aina Ardebit, to send them to
5145-778: The Holding Company as part of a documentary titled Following the Steps of Janis on Music On! TV . Ochi also counts Carole King , Maria Muldaur , and the Rolling Stones as some of her other favorite artists. In June and July, Superfly did a national tour titled the Rock'N'Roll Show 2008 Tour In 2009, the asteroid 91907 Shiho was named after Ochi since it was discovered at the Kuma Kogen Astronomical Observatory in Ehime Prefecture , her home prefecture. April also saw
5250-574: The JAPAN UNITED event with MUSIC 30-member supergroup in recording a cover of the Beatles ' " All You Need Is Love " to raise money for reconstruction efforts regarding the aftermath of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami . For the band's 5th anniversary, Superfly released the Shout in the Rainbow!! video album featuring performances from the band's December 2011 arena tour stop at Osaka-jō Hall. Limited editions of
5355-482: The Japanese language is of particular interest, ranging between an apical central tap and a lateral approximant . The "g" is also notable; unless it starts a sentence, it may be pronounced [ ŋ ] , in the Kanto prestige dialect and in other eastern dialects. The phonotactics of Japanese are relatively simple. The syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), that is, a core vowel surrounded by an optional onset consonant,
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#17330856074625460-724: The Old Japanese sections are written in Man'yōgana , which uses kanji for their phonetic as well as semantic values. Based on the Man'yōgana system, Old Japanese can be reconstructed as having 88 distinct morae . Texts written with Man'yōgana use two different sets of kanji for each of the morae now pronounced き (ki), ひ (hi), み (mi), け (ke), へ (he), め (me), こ (ko), そ (so), と (to), の (no), も (mo), よ (yo) and ろ (ro). (The Kojiki has 88, but all later texts have 87. The distinction between mo 1 and mo 2 apparently
5565-408: The Oricon weekly charts, with the first week sales of around 214,000 copies. For the Japanese iTunes Store Rewind of 2009, Box Emotions was the album of the year. Superfly went on tour from October through December to support the album in the "Superfly Box Emotions 2009 Tour". Ochi has also teamed up with fashion designer Manami Kobayashi for the A.I.C (Another Important Culture) brand to create
5670-466: The Oricon's Weekly charts, making Superfly one of only 4 female solo artists to have five consecutive number 1 debuts on the charts; she is included amongst Namie Amuro (fifth No. 1 in February 2000), Mai Kuraki (January 2004), and Hikaru Utada (June 2006). The group announced it would release their first best of album on September 25, 2013. During this time, Superfly recorded "Starting Over" which
5775-488: The Ryūkyūan languages as dialects of Japanese. The imperial court also seems to have spoken an unusual variant of the Japanese of the time, most likely the spoken form of Classical Japanese , a writing style that was prevalent during the Heian period , but began to decline during the late Meiji period . The Ryūkyūan languages are classified by UNESCO as 'endangered', as young people mostly use Japanese and cannot understand
5880-609: The United Kingdom and Ireland, Anime Limited acquired the film, and premiered it at Scotland Loves Anime in Glasgow on October 13, 2019, and a special screening in Edinburgh on October 19, 2019, with director Hiroyuki Imaishi, creative producer Hiromi Wakabayashi, and character designer Shigeto Koyama. In Australia and New Zealand Madman Entertainment premiered the film at Madman Anime Festival Melbourne on September 14, 2019. The film
5985-510: The United States and Canada, and $ 914,234 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $ 17 million . The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 97% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 29 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "Visually dazzling and narratively exhilarating, Promare is a colorful thrill ride that should entertain adult anime enthusiasts as well as
6090-543: The addition of a collective suffix (a noun suffix that indicates a group), such as -tachi , but this is not a true plural: the meaning is closer to the English phrase "and company". A group described as Tanaka-san-tachi may include people not named Tanaka. Some Japanese nouns are effectively plural, such as hitobito "people" and wareware "we/us", while the word tomodachi "friend" is considered singular, although plural in form. Verbs are conjugated to show tenses, of which there are two: past and present (or non-past) which
6195-433: The character and mechanical designs, Sanzigen animating the 3DCG sequences and Hiroyuki Sawano composing the music. The film's logo is designed by Saishi Ichiko and Tomotaka Kubo is serving as art director. Sushio, who designed the characters and served as chief animation director on Kill la Kill , is involved as one of the film's animators. The film premiered in Japan on May 24, 2019. On June 13, 2019, GKIDS acquired
6300-589: The digital release of "White Light" in January 2015, it was announced that Superfly's 5th studio album, White , would be released on May 27, 2015. In April 2017, Superfly released the 10th Anniversary 3-CD greatest hits set Love, Peace, and Fire, which contained 39 songs selected from 127 tunes by fan voting. A condensed single-disc edition was released in December 2017, with an orchestral version of "Ai wo Komete Hanataba wo". In January 2020, Superfly's sixth album 0
6405-564: The effect of changing Japanese into a mora-timed language. Late Middle Japanese covers the years from 1185 to 1600, and is normally divided into two sections, roughly equivalent to the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period , respectively. The later forms of Late Middle Japanese are the first to be described by non-native sources, in this case the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries; and thus there
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#17330856074626510-524: The event, some humans developed pyrokinetic abilities and became known as the Burnish. Thirty years later, Galo Thymos is a resident of the city of Promepolis and a member of the firefighting group Burning Rescue, which responds to incidents involving the Mad Burnish, a group of radical Burnish accused of being terrorists. As Galo defeats the Mad Burnish, including their leader, Lio Fotia, the Freeze Force,
6615-437: The film dropped to number 10, grossing ¥58.8 million and a cumulative total of ¥231.3 million . In its third weekend, the film dropped out of the top 10 and accumulated ¥65.3 million . As of September 20, 2019, the film had grossed over ¥1.2 billion ( $ 11.11 million ). The film went on to gross ¥1.5 billion ( $ 13.8 million ) in Japan, becoming the 23rd highest-grossing Japanese film of 2019. It has also grossed $ 2,313,186 in
6720-423: The film for North American distribution, with showings occurring on September 17 and 19, 2019. It was dubbed into English by NYAV Post . The film was later released again with showings on December 8, 10, and 11, 2019, where it also aired a short prequel film Side: Galo . Another showing of the film in North America was expected to re-air April 7 and 8, 2020 with the two prequel films Side: Galo and Side: Lio , and
6825-455: The flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, and words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese is an agglutinative , mora -timed language with relatively simple phonotactics , a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent . Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure
6930-489: The frozen lake. The flames melt the ice, revealing a laboratory run by a holographic projection of Deus Prometh, a scientist whom Kray killed. He explains that the Burnish can communicate with the Promare, a race of interdimensional flame beings who came to reside in Earth's core after a dimensional rift opened shortly before the Great World Blaze. They have a natural desire to burn, which the Burnish have inherited. The surging magma
7035-609: The genitive particle ga remains in intentionally archaic speech. Early Middle Japanese is the Japanese of the Heian period , from 794 to 1185. It formed the basis for the literary standard of Classical Japanese , which remained in common use until the early 20th century. During this time, Japanese underwent numerous phonological developments, in many cases instigated by an influx of Chinese loanwords . These included phonemic length distinction for both consonants and vowels , palatal consonants (e.g. kya ) and labial consonant clusters (e.g. kwa ), and closed syllables . This had
7140-413: The group formed the blues band "Superfly", naming themselves after Curtis Mayfield 's song " Superfly ". The group split up in 2005, with only Ochi and Tabo remaining when they went to Tokyo to seek out a label. After a battle between recording labels, the duo debuted on Warner Music Group with their 2007 single " Hello Hello ". This was followed by their Shibuya, Tokyo , Apple Store performance and
7245-614: The label, "Voice", was released in April 2022. Superfly's second single "Dynamite" was released in May 2022. In July 2022, it was announced Superfly's song "Presence" would serve as the opening theme for Aoashi . In August 2022, a remix of "Dynamite" by R3hab was released. In November 2022, Warner Japan released a live performance greatest hits album, 15th Anniversary Live Best . The live album includes Superfly's performances from their major tours while under Warner. In December 2022, Superfly released
7350-430: The language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese . Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and the first appearance of European loanwords . The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo ) in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century–mid 19th century). Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853,
7455-453: The languages of the original Jōmon inhabitants, including the ancestor of the modern Ainu language . Because writing had yet to be introduced from China, there is no direct evidence, and anything that can be discerned about this period must be based on internal reconstruction from Old Japanese , or comparison with the Ryukyuan languages and Japanese dialects . The Chinese writing system
7560-449: The languages. Okinawan Japanese is a variant of Standard Japanese influenced by the Ryūkyūan languages, and is the primary dialect spoken among young people in the Ryukyu Islands . Modern Japanese has become prevalent nationwide (including the Ryūkyū islands) due to education , mass media , and an increase in mobility within Japan, as well as economic integration. Japanese is a member of
7665-427: The large quantity of English loanwords, modern Japanese has developed a distinction between [tɕi] and [ti] , and [dʑi] and [di] , with the latter in each pair only found in loanwords. Although Japanese is spoken almost exclusively in Japan, it has also been spoken outside of the country. Before and during World War II , through Japanese annexation of Taiwan and Korea , as well as partial occupation of China ,
7770-564: The new song " You & Me ", which she posted on her official blog four days later. "You & Me" was subsequently made available for purchase on the iTunes , Recochoku , and wamo! digital music stores and all proceeds went to the Japanese Red Cross 's relief efforts in Tōhoku. By May, the song had raised ¥7,831,780 (approx. US$ 96.8k, €68k, or £59.4k) for the Red Cross. Superfly also had
7875-425: The only strict rule of word order is that the verb must be placed at the end of a sentence (possibly followed by sentence-end particles). This is because Japanese sentence elements are marked with particles that identify their grammatical functions. The basic sentence structure is topic–comment . For example, Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu ( こちらは田中さんです ). kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by
7980-470: The out-group gives a benefit to the in-group, and "up" to indicate the in-group gives a benefit to the out-group. Here, the in-group includes the speaker and the out-group does not, and their boundary depends on context. For example, oshiete moratta ( 教えてもらった ) (literally, "explaining got" with a benefit from the out-group to the in-group) means "[he/she/they] explained [it] to [me/us]". Similarly, oshiete ageta ( 教えてあげた ) (literally, "explaining gave" with
8085-415: The particle wa . The verb desu is a copula , commonly translated as "to be" or "it is" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"), though technically it holds no meaning and is used to give a sentence 'politeness'. As a phrase, Tanaka-san desu is the comment. This sentence literally translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mx Tanaka." Thus Japanese, like many other Asian languages,
8190-477: The proposed larger Altaic family, or to various Southeast Asian languages , especially Austronesian . None of these proposals have gained wide acceptance (and the Altaic family itself is now considered controversial). As it stands, only the link to Ryukyuan has wide support. Other theories view the Japanese language as an early creole language formed through inputs from at least two distinct language groups, or as
8295-595: The release of the Rock'N'Roll Show 2008 DVD set from the band's 2008 tour stop at the NHK Hall . During the 2009 Heroes of Woodstock Tour for the tour's stop in Bethel, New York , the site of the original Woodstock Festival , Ochi joined Big Brother and the Holding Company on stage and performed " Down on Me " and " Piece of My Heart " as a follow-up to the previous documentary. The third single from Box Emotions , " Alright!! ",
8400-481: The rift in the core to close. The Burnish become normal humans, and Galo and Lio resolve to rebuild the world together. The film's theme songs, "Kakusei" ( 覚醒 , lit. "Awakening") and "Kōri ni Tojikomete" ( 氷に閉じこめて , lit. "Imprisoned in Ice") , are performed by Superfly . The soundtrack is composed by Hiroyuki Sawano , with the album published by Aniplex on May 24, 2019. All music is composed by Hiroyuki Sawano The film
8505-459: The same structure as affirmative sentences, but with intonation rising at the end. In the formal register, the question particle -ka is added. For example, ii desu ( いいです ) "It is OK" becomes ii desu-ka ( いいですか。 ) "Is it OK?". In a more informal tone sometimes the particle -no ( の ) is added instead to show a personal interest of the speaker: Dōshite konai-no? "Why aren't (you) coming?". Some simple queries are formed simply by mentioning
8610-550: The second solo female artist to achieve such a goal. In May 2014, Superfly was chosen to perform the theme song " Live " "for the sequel of the film adaptation of Ushijima the Loan Shark . In September, Superfly performed the theme song for the Tales of Zestiria video game, titled " White Light ". Superfly released their 18th single " Ai o Karada ni Fukikonde " in November 2014. After
8715-462: The ship and warp drive are seemingly destroyed. Kray reveals that he is a Burnish and that he indirectly started the fire he rescued Galo from, using it as the start of his political uprising, as well as recommended that Galo join Burning Rescue in the hopes that he would be killed on the job. Kray seemingly kills Galo and takes Lio to use him to power the warp drive, but Lio's flame saves Galo. Using
8820-439: The speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. The Japanese writing system combines Chinese characters , known as kanji ( 漢字 , ' Han characters') , with two unique syllabaries (or moraic scripts) derived by the Japanese from the more complex Chinese characters: hiragana ( ひらがな or 平仮名 , 'simple characters') and katakana ( カタカナ or 片仮名 , 'partial characters'). Latin script ( rōmaji ローマ字 )
8925-797: The state as at the time the constitution was written, many of the elders participating in the process had been educated in Japanese during the South Seas Mandate over the island shown by the 1958 census of the Trust Territory of the Pacific that found that 89% of Palauans born between 1914 and 1933 could speak and read Japanese, but as of the 2005 Palau census there were no residents of Angaur that spoke Japanese at home. Japanese dialects typically differ in terms of pitch accent , inflectional morphology , vocabulary , and particle usage. Some even differ in vowel and consonant inventories, although this
9030-476: The street. (grammatically incorrect insertion of a pronoun) But one can grammatically say essentially the same thing in Japanese: 驚いた彼は道を走っていった。 Transliteration: Odoroita kare wa michi o hashitte itta. (grammatically correct) This is partly because these words evolved from regular nouns, such as kimi "you" ( 君 "lord"), anata "you" ( あなた "that side, yonder"), and boku "I" ( 僕 "servant"). This
9135-536: The subsequent EP Live from Tokyo . On November 8, 2007, a few months after their second single " Manifesto " was released, Kōichi Tabo announced on their website that he stopped appearing on the stage to concentrate on composing the songs. Besides being active behind the scenes as Superfly's composer & arranger, Tabo has also written music for artists such as Charice Pempengco , Mai Fukui , Yuna Ito , Maaya Sakamoto , BECCA , Saki Fukuda , and Asia Engineer . Later that month on November 28, 2007, Superfly released
9240-412: The teens in its target audience." On Metacritic , the film has a weighted average score of 77 out of 100 based on 8 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Matt Schley of The Japan Times gave the film 4 stars out of 5, praising the storytelling but having some criticism for elements of the transition between 2D and 3D animation. Writing for Anime News Network , Kim Morrissy gave Promare
9345-547: The topic with an interrogative intonation to call for the hearer's attention: Kore wa? "(What about) this?"; O-namae wa? ( お名前は？ ) "(What's your) name?". Negatives are formed by inflecting the verb. For example, Pan o taberu ( パンを食べる。 ) "I will eat bread" or "I eat bread" becomes Pan o tabenai ( パンを食べない。 ) "I will not eat bread" or "I do not eat bread". Plain negative forms are i -adjectives (see below) and inflect as such, e.g. Pan o tabenakatta ( パンを食べなかった。 ) "I did not eat bread". Superfly (band) Superfly
9450-419: The two consonants are the moraic nasal followed by a homorganic consonant. Japanese also includes a pitch accent , which is not represented in moraic writing; for example [haꜜ.ɕi] ("chopsticks") and [ha.ɕiꜜ] ("bridge") are both spelled はし ( hashi ) , and are only differentiated by the tone contour. Japanese word order is classified as subject–object–verb . Unlike many Indo-European languages ,
9555-577: The two methods were both used in writing until the 1940s. Bungo still has some relevance for historians, literary scholars, and lawyers (many Japanese laws that survived World War II are still written in bungo , although there are ongoing efforts to modernize their language). Kōgo is the dominant method of both speaking and writing Japanese today, although bungo grammar and vocabulary are occasionally used in modern Japanese for effect. The 1982 state constitution of Angaur , Palau , names Japanese along with Palauan and English as an official language of
9660-472: The two terms (''hyōjungo'' and ''kyōtsūgo'') are almost the same. Hyōjungo or kyōtsūgo is a conception that forms the counterpart of dialect. This normative language was born after the Meiji Restoration ( 明治維新 , meiji ishin , 1868) from the language spoken in the higher-class areas of Tokyo (see Yamanote ). Hyōjungo is taught in schools and used on television and in official communications. It
9765-407: The verb (e.g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the -k- in the final mora of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form (e.g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ , where modern Japanese just has hayaku , though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu "good morning"; this ending
9870-465: The video release included a CD featuring the previously unreleased track "Sasurai no Tabibito" ( さすらいの旅人 , "Wandering Traveller") . While doing a special live broadcast on Ustream and Nico Nico Douga to celebrate the Shout in the Rainbow!! release, Superfly announced that they would be releasing a fourth studio album titled Force on September 19, 2012. To commemorate the band's five-year anniversary,
9975-548: The world. Since Japanese first gained the consideration of linguists in the late 19th century, attempts have been made to show its genealogical relation to languages or language families such as Ainu , Korean , Chinese , Tibeto-Burman , Uralic , Altaic (or Ural-Altaic ), Austroasiatic , Austronesian and Dravidian . At the fringe, some linguists have even suggested a link to Indo-European languages , including Greek , or to Sumerian . Main modern theories try to link Japanese either to northern Asian languages, like Korean or
10080-454: Was announced at Anime Expo on July 2, 2017, as an original anime project co-produced by Trigger and XFLAG that has been in production for over four years, later revealed to be a film in October 2018. Hiroyuki Imaishi and Kazuki Nakashima worked together previously on Gurren Lagann and Kill la Kill . Nakashima and Trigger are credited for the original work, with Shigeto Koyama providing
10185-535: Was based on 12- to 20-second-long recordings of 135 to 244 phonemes , which 42 students listened to and translated word-for-word. The listeners were all Keio University students who grew up in the Kanto region . There are some language islands in mountain villages or isolated islands such as Hachijō-jima island , whose dialects are descended from Eastern Old Japanese . Dialects of the Kansai region are spoken or known by many Japanese, and Osaka dialect in particular
10290-718: Was imported to Japan from Baekje around the start of the fifth century, alongside Buddhism. The earliest texts were written in Classical Chinese , although some of these were likely intended to be read as Japanese using the kanbun method, and show influences of Japanese grammar such as Japanese word order. The earliest text, the Kojiki , dates to the early eighth century, and was written entirely in Chinese characters, which are used to represent, at different times, Chinese, kanbun , and Old Japanese. As in other texts from this period,
10395-465: Was lost immediately following its composition.) This set of morae shrank to 67 in Early Middle Japanese , though some were added through Chinese influence. Man'yōgana also has a symbol for /je/ , which merges with /e/ before the end of the period. Several fossilizations of Old Japanese grammatical elements remain in the modern language – the genitive particle tsu (superseded by modern no )
10500-423: Was released in Japan on Blu-ray and DVD on February 5, 2020. Originally set for a May 5, 2020 digital home media release in North America, it was released by GKIDS and Shout! Factory digitally on April 21, 2020. A Blu-ray and DVD release followed on May 19, 2020. The film ranked at number 8 in the Japanese box office on an opening weekend, grossing ¥41.4 million in its first three days. In its second weekend,
10605-452: Was released to truetone distributing stores on May 11, 2012, and was released as a single on July 25, 2012. The release of "STARS" was followed by the double A-side single " Kagayaku Tsuki no Yō ni " / " The Bird Without Wings ", with its title tracks used as the theme songs for the television drama Summer Rescue and the film Ushijima the Loan Shark , respectively. Force sold 119,000 units in its first week, placing it at number 1 on
10710-456: Was released, which included "Ambitious", the theme song for the TBS drama Watashi, Teiji de Kaerimasu . The album's limited edition also included a Blu-ray of selected songs from "Superfly Arena Tour 2019 '0'", filmed on October 27, 2019, at Saitama Super Arena. In April 2021, Universal Music Japan announced Superfly would transfer from Warner Music Japan to Universal Sigma. The first single under
10815-551: Was to perform "Sunshine Sunshine" live at the Okinawa Namura Hall in Naha , Okinawa Prefecture , on March 20, 2011, with the performance broadcast live over FM52 radio stations Tokyo FM , J-Wave , and FM Okinawa . This performance, however, was postponed due to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami . In response, Ochi recorded an a cappella version of "Sunshine Sunshine" which she posted on her blog on March 18, 2011, and wrote
10920-462: Was used as NHK 's 2010 FIFA World Cup theme song, and was released digitally on June 18, 2010. "Tamashii Revolution" was later included as a B-side on the single and cover album compilation " Wildflower " & Cover Songs: Complete Best 'Track 3' , which became Superfly's third album to debut at number 1 on the Oricon. On November 30, 2010, Superfly performed at the Zepp Tokyo arena alongside
11025-469: Was used as the opening theme to the Japanese television drama, Boss , starring Yuki Amami , which began airing on April 16, 2009, as well as its second season which aired in 2011. Superfly's second studio album, Box Emotions , was released on September 2, 2009, which she celebrated by holding a free live show at the Roppongi Hills arena, which hosted 4000 people. Box Emotions debuted at No. 1 on
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