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79-396: Pro Life Campaign ( PLC ) is an Irish anti-abortion advocacy organisation . Its primary spokesperson is Cora Sherlock . It is a non-denominational organisation which promotes anti-abortion views, and opposes abortion in all circumstances, including cases of rape and incest. The Pro Life Campaign was established in 1992. Prominent members also opposed LGBT rights and campaigned against

158-521: A Dáil committee arguing against legal recognition of same-sex couples. The submission from the North Tipperary branch opposed any legal recognition of same sex couples, claiming same sex relationships were an "unnatural union" and "totally unacceptable, and an attack upon the family". The Cork North West branch submission asked "why can’t they [same-sex couples] make their own legal arrangements distinct from marriage?" and claimed "a homosexual environment

237-403: A No vote on the 14th Amendment which allowed for the provision of information on services outside the state. It was strongly opposed to the 13th, which allowed for travel outside the state, but did not call for a No vote. Both the 13th and 14th amendments were passed. The 12th amendment bill was defeated, after a combination of liberal campaigners who did not support excluding a risk of suicide as

316-745: A few other criteria. The basis of country reviews is: (a) the Charter of the UN ; (b) the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ; (c) human rights instruments to which a State is party; and (d) voluntary pledges and commitments made by the State, including those undertaken when presenting their candidature for election to the HRC. Country reviews also take into account applicable international humanitarian law . Country reviews are based on three documents: In decision 6/102,

395-758: A ground, and those in the PLC. The Pro Life Campaign campaigned for a Yes vote on the Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2002 . A statement on their website read: We welcome the proposed 25th Amendment (Protection of Human Life in Pregnancy) Bill and are calling for a 'YES' vote. The Amendment restores protection to unborn children. It protects women by ensuring the lawful availability of necessary medical treatment to save their lives. The reality of unexpected pregnancies also challenges us to put

474-801: A march in Madrid in October 2009 to protest plans by the government of José Luis Zapatero to legalize elective abortions and eliminate parental consent restrictions. In the United Kingdom, the most prominent anti-abortion organization is the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children . It was formed at the time of the passage of the 1967 Abortion Act which liberalized abortion law. The group campaigns against abortion, often using questionable claims, and supports protests at pregnancy clinics. The Abortion Act of 1967 had

553-476: A medic from the No side. The campaign described this as “utterly unacceptable”. RTÉ defended its handling of the debate as being “fair and equitable". In the last stages of the referendum, the PLC and Love Both concentrated on urging voters to reject the referendum on the basis that the proposed abortion legislation was “extremist". Katie Ascough claimed on 17 May that the prospective abortion law would be “more extreme than

632-781: A new 'abortion-harms-women' argument that has supplanted and transformed traditional fetal personhood arguments". Since 1998, Catholics and allies have held national anti-abortion March for Life rallies at Parliament Hill . Two have gathered over 10,000 protesters. In addition to the national protests, anti-abortionists protest abortion clinics across the nation in attempts to stop abortions from continuing. A number of anti-abortion organizations exist in Australia , including Cherish Life, Right to Life Australia , and Australian Christian Lobby . These organizations undertake various campaigning activities, including political campaign fundraising. A large portion of Australian law surrounding abortion

711-474: A part of the Christian right . They call themselves "pro-life" because they are often united in their belief that a fetus is a person that has legal rights. Since the U.S. Supreme Court decision Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization , some of these organizations have turned their attention to banning abortions at the state and local level and asking the U.S. Supreme Court to recognize fetal personhood under

790-915: A significant effect in Britain (excluding Northern Ireland). The Act states that if at least two doctors deem the reasons for abortion to be in alignment with the Act, it can legally be performed. This still means that the punishment for women who obtain abortions contrary to the Act are faced with potential life imprisonment. Doctors too can be prosecuted if they are found administering abortions without reasonable cause. The Abortion Act of 1967 did not apply in Northern Ireland . Women living there who sought abortions either had to travel to Britain to receive an abortion or potentially face criminal charges for purchasing abortion pills illegally. To this day, anti-abortion activists routinely stand outside many abortion clinics; their goal

869-458: A significant role in influencing anti-abortion opinion. Quickening , which had previously been thought to be the point at which the soul entered a human was discovered to be a relatively unimportant step in fetal development, caused many medical professionals to rethink their positions on early term abortions. Ideologically, the Hippocratic Oath and the medical mentality of that age to defend

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948-482: A social media strategy which produced videos that foregrounded “young women representing different Irish counties” to counteract an impression that anti-abortion voices were “restricted to older people". Social media advertising policies became a contentious aspect of the campaign, with Facebook taking steps to prevent efforts to “disrupt the referendum with disinformation.” On 6 April, a Love Both spokesperson said they were “wary of Facebook introducing ‘censorship’ during

1027-422: A “nationwide movement” and had key spokespeople involved. Love Both was distinguished from other No campaigns as it promoted a “pro-woman anti-abortion discourse." The campaign was distinguished by its emphasis on “talk[ing] passionately about human rights”, and its presentation of young women, students, and “professionals in suits” as its public activist base, according to The Guardian newspaper. From February,

1106-483: Is also a smaller consistent life ethic movement, favoring a philosophy which opposes all forms of killing, including abortion, war , euthanasia , and capital punishment . The current movement is in part a continuation of previous debates on abortion that led to the practice being banned in all states by the late 19th century. The initial movement was led by physicians , but also included politicians and feminists . Among physicians, advances in medical knowledge played

1185-580: Is complicated by the fact that they are clustered together in the Working Group report, the NGO UPR Info has calculated the first cycle of the UPR to have provided a total of 21,356 recommendations and 599 voluntary pledges. Each review is facilitated by a group of three States, known as the “troika”, that serve as rapporteurs. The troika is responsible for receiving the advanced questions from UN member States to

1264-574: Is for raising children". Opposition to the legalization of abortion Anti-abortion movements , also self-styled as pro-life movements , are involved in the abortion debate advocating against the practice of abortion and its legality . Many anti-abortion movements began as countermovements in response to the legalization of elective abortions . In Europe, abortion law varies by country, and has been legalized through parliamentary acts in some countries, and constitutionally banned or heavily restricted in others. In Western Europe this has had

1343-462: Is given to the State under review to discuss its domestic human rights framework, measures taken to promote and protect human rights in country, human rights issues of particular national pertinence, and steps taken to address and redress violations. It is also an opportunity for the State to present voluntary human rights pledges and commitments. An interactive dialogue of 140 minutes follows the State's presentation, during which UN member States question

1422-416: Is to discourage women from entering the clinics. This is through two processes, known as "prayer vigils", which are sometimes quiet and other times said aloud to actively dissuade; and "pavement counseling", where activists approach women entering clinics in order to persuade them to continue with their pregnancies. This is a practice held in low regard by many, as it causes anxiety and distress. In Israel ,

1501-623: The 2016 Irish general election . They produced recommendations for whom to vote for based on which politicians voted for the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013. In 2016 the Irish government established the Citizens' Assembly , a group of 99 citizens, to discuss the Eighth Amendment , and then make recommendation to the government. This is similar to the 2012 Constitutional Convention . While

1580-474: The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 was being debated. Official figures put the crowd at 15,000 to 20,000 people, with the organisers claiming 50,000. Attendees included GAA Tyrone football manager Mickey Harte , Adele Best of Women Hurt , Jennifer Kehoe, Maria Steen and Íde Nic Mathúna, co-founder of Youth Defence . The Bill was approved in the Dáil by 127 votes to 31. It passed its final stage in

1659-849: The Republic of Ireland , including Pro Life Campaign , Youth Defence and the Iona Institute . The Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland (2018) provided for legal abortion in Ireland, but several anti-abortion parties still campaign, including Aontú and the National Party . In Liechtenstein , an application to legalize abortions was rejected by a slim majority in a referendum in 2011 . The opponents, which included Prince Alois , got 500 votes more and eventually settled at 52.3 percent compared with 47.7 percent. Prince Alois had announced

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1738-913: The Supreme Court of Ireland (1988) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (1992). That same year, the X Case arose, and abortion in potentially wide circumstances was endorsed by the Irish Supreme Court. The group that had planned the SPUC (Ireland) cases at once advised the setting up of the Pro Life Campaign (PLC). Within a week of the court judgement, it had set up an office in North Great George's Street and held its first press conference on 10 March. The chairman, and later honorary president,

1817-683: The US congress to pass laws later known as the Comstock laws that included provisions that made it illegal to send materials used for abortion through the mail. These laws have been referenced by modern anti-abortion campaigners in the US and cited in court cases to stop the mailing of abortion medication. The United States anti-abortion movement formed as a response to the landmark 1973 Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton U.S. Supreme Court decisions with many anti-abortion organizations having emerged since then. There

1896-405: The value of human life as an absolute also played a significant role in molding opinions about abortion. Meanwhile, many 19th-century feminists tended to regard abortion as an undesirable necessity forced upon women by thoughtless men. The "free love" wing of the feminist movement refused to advocate abortion and treated the practice as an example of the hideous extremes to which modern marriage

1975-540: The "Medical Alliance for the 8th" campaign. At an event hosted by Love Both's Roadshow in Monaghan on 10 May, former UCD Students' Union President and Love Both spokesperson, Katie Ascough, told her audience that a Yes vote would remove the obligation for the Government to go directly to the people through a referendum on issues related to abortion and “they would be free to make whatever laws they want." On 22 May controversy

2054-620: The Constitution. A Conservative MP, Cathay Wagantall , introduced a bill in 2020 seeking to ban abortions for the purpose of choosing a child's sex. Abortion in Canada is legal at all stages of pregnancy and funded in part by the Canada Health Act . In 2013, the Conservative prime minister, Stephen Harper , barred the members of Parliament from discussing the matter in the Commons. Harper's move

2133-531: The Council in its resolution 6/17, should be strengthened and operationalized in order to provide a source of financial and technical assistance to help countries to implement the recommendations emanating from their review. States may request the United Nations representation at the national or regional level to assist them in the implementation of the follow-up to their review. Financial and technical assistance for

2212-758: The Family are involved in the anti-abortion movement. In 2023, in his book Rethinking Life: Embracing the Sacredness of Every Person , Shane Claiborne , leader of the Red-Letter Christians , calls for expanding the Christian definition of the "pro-life" movement to issues other than the fight against abortion, such as gun violence , poverty , the death penalty and openness to immigration . Universal Periodic Review HRC Resolution 5/1 of 18 June 2007 and HRC decision 6/102 of 27 September 2007 elaborated on

2291-454: The French anti-abortion movement has organized an annual March for Life . The 1920 abortion laws of France have not been entirely repealed leading to ambiguity in the nation's policies. By 1975, Simone Veil , the minister for health, introduced legislation that specifically in cases of distress "tolerated" abortion up to ten weeks. Abortions after this date are only cleared by the government if

2370-408: The HRC and was reviewed on 29 October 2013, but the HRC missed the opportunity to define what "persistent non-cooperation" is. The rules governing the participation of NHRIs and NGOs at the HRC, and therefore in the UPR mechanism, are prescribed by resolution 5/1, which states that their participation shall be based on the 'practices observed by the [former] Commission on Human Rights, while ensuring

2449-473: The HRC provided guidelines for the preparation of information under the UPR. It specifies that States, in preparing national reports, should address/provide: The Working Group on the UPR is composed by the 47 Member States of the HRC, chaired by the HRC President and conducts country reviews. The Working Group held its first review in 2008. It allocates three and a half hours to each review, 70 minutes of which

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2528-478: The No campaign were “not really getting a fair hearing” in the media. The Love Both and wider No campaign generated significant support within the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party, with thirty-one TDs and Senators from the party appearing for a photo-call on 1 May at Merrion Square holding Love Both placards and urging the electorate to “vote No” and to “support women, protect babies, save lives." This contrasted with

2607-643: The PLC criticised the Citizens' Assembly, claiming it has a pre-arranged outcome, it nonetheless participated, making a presentation to the Assembly in March 2017. In June 2017, Leo Varadkar , who became Taoiseach following his victory in the May Fine Gael leadership election , signaled his intention to hold a referendum in 2018 on whether to replace Article 40.3.3.º of the Constitution, which provided "an equal right to life to

2686-469: The PLC launched the “Love Both Roadshow”, which was described as an “information campaign”. It saw anti-abortion campaigners travel to various urban centres across Ireland until the end stages of the referendum campaign. The campaigners claimed that since 1983 approximately 100,000 people have been born who would not have been were it not for the Eighth Amendment. Many such events were held in towns during

2765-695: The PLC participated in a General Discussion on Article 6 (Right to Life) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . In February 2017, the PLC participated in the 66th Session of the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), where it advocated against any change to Ireland's abortion law. The PLC organised a protest in Merrion Square in June 2013, as

2844-512: The Pro Life campaign until December 2015. In 1993, as national secretary of Family Solidarity , he campaigned against the decriminalisation of homosexuality , calling it "unnatural", In 2015, in the lead up to the marriage equality referendum , he campaigned against it, and called for a no vote. Writing in The Brandsma Review after the referendum that approved same-sex marriage), he accused

2923-585: The Seanad on 23 July 2013, by 39 votes to 14. It was signed into law on 30 July by Michael D. Higgins , the President of Ireland . A 2014 "National Vigil" took place at Merrion Square on 3 May 2014, and was attended by about 4,500 people, with the organisers claiming 15,000. They criticised the newly passed Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act . Speakers included Cora Sherlock , Caroline Simons, and Lynn Coles of Women Hurt. The Pro Life Campaign spent €40,000 during

3002-551: The Sinn Féin TD Peadar Tóibín participated in a head-to-head debate with Minister for Health , Simon Harris , which aired on the evening of 22 May. The following day, RTÉ's handling of the debate was criticised by the Love Both campaign and the state broadcaster was accused of “failing to achieve balance on the panel” due to their decision to invite the pro-repeal Prof Mary Higgins onto a panel debate but failed to invite

3081-414: The State and make recommendations towards the improvement of its human rights situation and performance. It is worth noting that all 193 UN member states (both HRC members and not) can take the floor. A wide variety of issues have been addressed during the country reviews and potentially all human rights issues could be addressed during this session. While the counting of the actual number of recommendations

3160-454: The State concerned, States are encouraged to conduct broad consultations with all relevant stakeholders in this regard. States are encouraged to provide the Council, on a voluntary basis, with a midterm update on follow-up to accepted recommendations. As of 20 February 2013, 28 countries so far have provided the HRC with an implementation report. According to Resolution 16/21, other relevant stakeholders are encouraged to include information on

3239-404: The UPR mechanism, the HRC will address, as appropriate, cases of persistent non-cooperation with the mechanism. The first case where persistent non-cooperation was discussed is Israel's UPR. Israel was not reviewed as scheduled on 29 January 2013. As a consequence, the HRC discussed in March and June 2013 the issue of "persistent non-cooperation". Eventually, Israel resumed its cooperation with

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3318-486: The UPR's functions in its first cycle from 2008 - 2012. For the second and subsequent cycles, a few amendments were introduced to the UPR by HRC Resolution 16/21 of 12 April 2011 and HRC decision 17/119 of 19 July 2011, after a review by the HRC (for further details, see HRC review process below). HRC resolution 5/1 provides that the UPR should: The objectives of the UN-UPR are: HRC resolution 16/21 further provides that

3397-429: The UPR, with 14 States reviewed at each session. The HRC determined the order of review for the first UPR cycle (2008-2012) on 21 September 2007 through the drawing of lots and the same order will be maintained during the second and subsequent cycles. The first order of review was instructed by the resolution 5/1 requirements that all 47 member States of the HRC be reviewed during their term of membership, in addition to

3476-475: The aftermath of their referendum defeat, Love Both spokesperson in Cork, Maeve O’Hanlon, said the group would campaign “to keep the number of abortions low". PLC spokesperson Ruth Cullen pledged to hold Varadkar “to his promise that repeal would only lead to abortion in very restrictive circumstances." Following the referendum defeat, the Love Both campaign largely folded back into the Pro Life Campaign. Love Both adopted

3555-411: The assessment of these implementations by 66 countries. A second publication followed in 2014, titled Beyond Promises , assessed 165 countries and shared best practices observed from States, NHRIs, and NGOs. A third publication, released in 2016 and dubbed The Butterfly Effect , aimed to spread UPR best practices and inspire all actors. After exhausting all efforts to encourage a State to cooperate with

3634-465: The committee for failing to hear the perspectives of “families who say their children are alive today because of the Eighth Amendment." Solicitor and PLC spokesperson Cora Sherlock echoed this argument later in January in response to an Irish Times opinion poll which found 56% of people supported changing the constitution while only 29% supported retaining the Eighth Amendment. She expressed confidence that

3713-457: The country under review. The second role of the troika is to prepare an outcome document on the review, which includes a summary of the review proceedings, recommendations suggested by States, conclusions, and voluntary commitments presented by the State under review. The outcome document is prepared with the assistance of the UPR secretariat and the recommendations contained in the outcome of the review should preferably be clustered thematically with

3792-592: The dangers of abortion to a woman's health and make it illegal to describe abortion as a safe medical procedure. Medvedev's wife Svetlana Medvedeva has taken up the anti-abortion cause in Russia in a weeklong national campaign against abortion called "Give Me Life!" and a "Day of Family, Love and Faithfulness" by her Foundation for Social and Cultural Initiatives in conjunction with the Russian Orthodox Church . In Spain , over one million demonstrators took part in

3871-569: The decriminalisation of homosexuality in Ireland . After the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was ratified in September 1983, a number of those involved in that campaign, including some lawyers, decided to initiate legal proceedings through SPUC (Society for the Protection of Unborn Children; Ireland). The targets were two pregnancy advisory agencies in Dublin. The cases started in 1985, won at

3950-521: The effect at once of both more closely regulating the use of abortion, and at the same time mediating and reducing the impact anti-abortion campaigns have had on the law. The first specifically anti-abortion organization in France, Laissez-les-vivre-SOS futures mères, was created in 1971 during the debate that was to lead to the Veil Law in 1975. Its main spokesman was the geneticist Jérôme Lejeune . Since 2005,

4029-471: The follow-up to the preceding review in their contributions. The summary of the information provided by other relevant stakeholders should contain, where appropriate, a separate section for contributions by the national human rights institution of the State under review that is accredited in full compliance with the Paris Principles. The Voluntary Fund for Financial and Technical Assistance, established by

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4108-466: The full involvement and consent of the State under review and the States that made the recommendations. Thirty minutes are allocated to the adoption of the outcome document at a later stage in the same Working Group session, during which the State under review is given a preliminary opportunity to indicate whether it supports the recommendations suggested to it by States as well as the conclusions reflected in

4187-421: The implementation of the review should support national needs and priorities, as may be reflected in national implementation plans. The NGO UPR Info has from 2011 to 2014 undertaken 165 assessments at a two-years distance after the review in order to see how the recommendations (the main UPR outcome) are implemented, and what is the real effect of the UPR on the ground. In 2012 it published its first study on

4266-559: The law in Britain ". On 23 May, the day before the poll, Cora Sherlock described the referendum as giving the Government “a blank cheque to write whatever abortion law it wants, no matter how extreme." Following the vote on 24 May and the release of an exit poll which predicted a “landslide victory for the Yes side”, Love Both expressed the view that the result represented “a very sad day for Ireland” and called on Taoiseach Leo Varadkar to include restrictions within any future abortion legislation. In

4345-646: The major anti-abortion organization is Efrat . Efrat activists primarily raise funds to relieve the "financial and social pressures " on pregnant women so that they will not terminate their pregnancies. However, this activity is only carried out in the Jewish sector in Israeli society, as Efrat officially views abortion among Jews as a demographic threat to the Jewish people. In the 19th century United States, Anthony Comstock launched an 'anti-vice crusade' that included opposition to contraception and abortion. He successfully got

4424-458: The media of lying, and complained about funding from outside the State. Des Hanafin , co-founder, former leader and former honorary president, accused equality campaigners in the same-sex marriage referendum of spreading a "palpable climate of fear", and called for a No vote. His son, Senator John Hanafin resigned from Fianna Fáil rather than vote for civil partnerships for same sex couples in 2010. In 2005, Pro Life Campaign members wrote to

4503-493: The most effective contribution of these entities'. While the UPR is an intergovernmental process, a number of opportunities for contribution are available to non-governmental stakeholders. These include: In resolution 60/251, the General Assembly required the HRC to review and report on its work and functioning after its first five years. In October 2009, the HRC established the open-ended intergovernmental working group on

4582-560: The mother and the unborn." The Pro Life Campaign responded by expressing its disappointment that Varadkar had announced the decision prematurely before the special Oireachtas Committee on the Eighth Amendment had submitted its findings. The Pro Life Campaign was critical of the Oireachtas Committee on the Eighth Amendment's recommendations published in January, which they claimed were “exclusively focused on taking away all meaningful protection from unborn babies.” They further criticised

4661-431: The outcome document. Once adopted, the outcome document is transferred to the HRC for discussion and adoption in plenary. In the intervening period between the Working Group and plenary sessions, the reviewed State is expected to confirm which UPR recommendations it accepts and does not accept. The UPR is a standing item on the HRC's agenda (item 6). At each HRC session, time is allocated to the consideration and adoption of

4740-409: The outcome documents transferred from the Working Group on the UPR. An hour is allocated to the adoption of each document, during which the reviewed State is offered the opportunity to present replies to questions or issues not sufficiently addressed during the interactive dialogue at the Working Group. HRC member and observer States are also given the opportunity to express their views on the outcome of

4819-429: The polls would reverse due to growing discussion “about families who have been saved by the Eighth Amendment." On 31 January, the Government formally decided to progress with holding a referendum in early summer. The date was later fixed for 24 May 2018. Reacting on 1 February to the decision, PLC spokesperson Dr Ruth Cullen stated that “what was being proposed was the removal of the legal protection from unborn babies and

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4898-687: The pregnancy endangers the health of the woman or will result in the birth of a child with a severe and incurable disease. After twelve weeks, abortion, except for "therapeutic abortion, under the terms of Article 317 of the Criminal Code, is a crime, punishable by 6 months to 10 years in prison, a fine of between 1800 and 250,000 Francs, and loss of professional license." Catholics and right-wing political groups continue to protest abortion. The far-right party National Rally (formerly National Front) , has attempted unsuccessfully to decrease funding for abortions. There are several major anti-abortion groups in

4977-554: The pro-repeal position adopted by Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin , who told the Dáil in January that whilst he was “instinctively on the pro-life side of the abortion debate”, he was influenced to support a Yes vote owing to expert opinion and by the deliberations of both the Citizens’ Assembly and the Oireachtas Committee. Love Both launched its "official" referendum campaign at the Alex Hotel, Dublin on 18 April 2018. The event

5056-492: The provision of abortion on demand” and urged voters to reject the referendum's proposals. In the referendum on the Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2018 to replace the provisions of Article 40.3.3º with a clause allowing for legislation on the termination of pregnancy, which passed by a two-thirds majority, the Pro Life Campaign organised the unsuccessful Love Both campaign. Love Both described itself as

5135-568: The referendum campaign and became a staple of the PLC's public activism. In March, PLC spokesperson Cora Sherlock condemned remarks from Fine Gael politician Regina Doherty that the repeal campaign would “not accept a No vote in the upcoming referendum" as being “arrogant and deeply undemocratic". On 31 March spokespeople from the Love Both Roadshow in Mullingar questioned whether “we can trust politicians to lead us on this” and complained that

5214-409: The referendum". In May, Google announced a ban on all ads relating to the referendum and Facebook banned all foreign advertising on the issue. The Guardian noted that “the most obvious difference between the two sides of the campaign” was that No campaign ads used “emotional language” compared with the more “legalistic tone” of the Yes campaign ads. Joe McCarroll co-founded, and was Chairperson of

5293-552: The resources in place to meet the real needs of women. A clear law on the right to life is an important first step to framing social policies to help reduce our abortion rate. During the campaign, a member referenced the Finnish study published in the British Medical Journal which claimed women were six times more likely to commit suicide after abortion than if they went through with their pregnancies. The Pro Life Campaign

5372-423: The review before the HRC takes action on it. NHRIs with ‘A’ status and NGOs in consultative status with the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) have the opportunity to make ‘general comments’ before the adoption of the outcome report. This is the only opportunity for civil society to take the floor during the UPR. While the outcome of the review, as a cooperative mechanism, should be implemented primarily by

5451-410: The review of the work and functioning of the HRC (composed by the 47 member States of the HRC) to lead its review process. Chaired by the then HRC President (Ambassador Sihasak Phuangketkeow of Thailand), the Working Group met for two substantive sessions. The first Working Group session took place on 25–29 October 2010; the second session was held on 7, 17-18, and 23–24 February 2011. On 25 March 2011,

5530-408: The second and subsequent cycles should focus on the implementation of the accepted recommendations and the developments of the human rights situation in the State under review. While the first UPR operated on a four-year cycle, the second was extended to four and a half years, and the third lasts five years. Forty-two States are now reviewed each year during three sessions of the HRC's Working Group on

5609-646: The use of his veto in advance if necessary to prevent the introduction of abortion. Abortion is legal in Russia as an elective procedure up to the 12th week of pregnancy, and in special circumstances at later stages. The abortion issue gained renewed attention in 2011 in a debate that The New York Times says "has begun to sound like the debate in the United States ". Parliament passed and President Dmitri Medvedev signed several restrictions on abortion into law to combat "a falling birthrate" and " plunging population ". The restrictions include requiring abortion providers to devote 10% of advertising costs to describing

5688-427: The wake of the X Case , there were three abortion referendums in Ireland ( 12th , 13th and 14th ). The government had proposed the 12th Amendment Bill as an attempt to rule out the risk of suicide as a ground for an abortion. It would have added the following clause to Article 40.3.3º: The Pro Life Campaign rejected this wording as too broad, and proposed the following alternative wording: The PLC also called for

5767-401: Was Des Hanafin , who had played a central role in the 1983 campaign. Pro Life Campaign is a trading name of VIE Ltd, a private limited company incorporated in Ireland in June 1993. Its founding directors were Joe McCarroll , Owen Doyle, Mary Barrett, John O'Reilly, Barry Kiely, Des Hanafin , Marie Vernon, Catherine Bannon, Jerry Collins, Michael Lucey and Desmond McDoland. In 1992, in

5846-740: Was attended by six TDs: Peter Fitzpatrick , Éamon Ó Cuív , Kevin O’Keefe , Declan Breathnach , Mattie McGrath and Michael Healy-Rae . The campaign concentrated its messaging on characterising the proposal as “extreme”, amounting to “abortion on demand” and being similar to the British abortion law. In May, a further six regional Love Both rallies took place across the country, with a final rally in Merrion Square, Dublin attracting thousands of participants. The final rally heard speeches from Caroline Simons, legal advisor to Love Both, and from Dr Andrew O’Regan of

5925-399: Was driving women. Marital rape and the seduction of unmarried women were societal ills which feminists believed caused the need to abort, as men did not respect women's right to abstinence . Anti-abortion groups like Students for Life of America and Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America are at times associated with conservatism. Other groups, such as Focus on the Family , are considered

6004-478: Was generated when the PLC spokesperson Cora Sherlock “pulled out” of an RTÉ Prime Time debate scheduled for that evening, due to the refusal of RTÉ to swap out Sherlock for Maria Steen , following the latter's appearance on a Claire Byrne Live debate the previous week where she “had impressed” in her performance. The controversy about the selection of No campaign debaters was described as a “Mexican stand-off” at Montrose following Sherlock's withdrawal. Eventually,

6083-509: Was linked to his repeated declarations that he wouldn't allow the abortion debate to be re-opened. Since the 1980s, at least forty-three private member bills that are against abortion have been sent to the House of Commons yet none of them have been passed. Canadian anti-abortion discourse increasingly "aims at changing cultural values more than legislation; is explicitly framed as 'pro-woman'; largely avoids appealing to religious grounds; and relies on

6162-617: Was originally derived from the British law. Until 1967, British law stated that "an induced abortion is unlawful in all situations save the (probable) exception of situations where it is necessary to save the life of the mother." Australia partook of this law until Britain changed it in 1967 towards a more liberal standpoint. All states and territories, except Western Australia, have laws prohibiting anti-abortion campaigners from harassing visitors and staff of abortion clinics by setting exclusion zones around abortion clinics. In Evangelical Christianity , international organizations like Focus on

6241-549: Was the second largest spender during the referendum, spending €350,000. It received €200,000 of undisclosed donations during the campaign. The Pro-Life Campaign has consultative NGO status at the United Nations Economic and Social Council , granted in 2011. It has participated in regular sessions organised by the Council to oversee the various covenants affecting Ireland, and attended and made written submissions to Universal Periodic Reviews into Ireland. In June 2015,

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