38-489: (Redirected from Prix Paul Doistau-Émile Blutet ) French Academy of Sciences award in mathematics, physics, and biology The Prix Paul Doistau–Émile Blutet is a biennial prize awarded by the French Academy of Sciences in the fields of mathematics and physical sciences since 1954. Each recipient receives 3000 euros. The prize is also awarded quadrennially in biology . The award
76-405: A 6-stage process with rules and regulations that allowed for chosen candidates to canvas other members and for current members to consider postponing certain stages of the process if the need would arise. Elections in the early days of the academy were important activities, and as such made up a large part of the proceedings at the academy, with many meetings being held regarding the election to fill
114-715: A financial crisis in France. Today the academy is one of five academies comprising the Institut de France . Its members are elected for life. Currently, there are 150 full members, 300 corresponding members, and 120 foreign associates. They are divided into two scientific groups: the Mathematical and Physical sciences and their applications and the Chemical , Biological , Geological and Medical sciences and their applications. The academy currently has five missions that it pursues. These being
152-400: A single vacancy within the academy. That is not to say that discussion of candidates and the election process as a whole was relegated to the meetings. Members that belonged to the vacancy's respective field would continue discussion of potential candidates for the vacancy in private. Being elected into the academy did not necessarily guarantee being a full member, in some cases, one would enter
190-409: A supporter of the particle-theory of light, he looked for a way to disprove it. Poisson thought that he had found a flaw when he demonstrate that Fresnel's theory predicts that an on-axis bright spot would exist in the shadow of a circular obstacle, where there should be complete darkness according to the particle-theory of light. The Poisson spot is not easily observed in every-day situations and so it
228-451: A variety of themes and challenges dealing with African development and covering a large field spectrum. Specifically higher education in sciences, and research practices in basic and applied sciences that deal with various aspects relevant to development (renewable energy, infectious diseases, animal pathologies, food resources, access to safe water, agriculture, urban health, etc.). The Academic Standing Committees and Working Parties prepare
266-2507: Is also occasionally awarded in other disciplines. List of laureates [ edit ] Mathematics [ edit ] 1958 Marc Krasner 1980 Jean-Michel Bony 1982 Jean-Pierre Ramis 1982 Gérard Maugin 1985 Dominique Foata 1986 Pierre-Louis Lions 1987 Pierre Bérard 1987 Lucien Szpiro 1999 Wendelin Werner 2001 Hélène Esnault 2004 Laurent Stolovitch 2006 Alice Guionnet 2008 Isabelle Gallagher 2010 Yves André 2012 Serge Cantat 2014 Sébastien Boucksom 2016 Hajer Bahouri 2018 Colin Guillarmou [ fr ] Physical sciences [ edit ] 2002 Jérôme Bouvier [ fr ] 2005 Mustapha Besbes 2007 Jean-Pascal Cogné [ fr ] 2009 Hasnaa Chennaoui-Aoudjehane 2011 Henri-Claude Nataf 2013 Jean-François Cardoso [ fr ] 2015 Philippe André 2019 Bruno Sicardy [ fr ] Integrative biology [ edit ] 2000 Jérôme Giraudat 2004 Marie-Claire Verdus 2008 Hélène Barbier-Brygoo 2012 Olivier Hamant Mechanical and computational science [ edit ] 2000 Annie Raoult 2002 Gilles Francfort 2002 Jean-Jacques Marigo 2006 Hubert Maigre 2006 Andreï Constantinescu 2008 Pierre Comte 2010 Nicolas Triantafyllidis 2012 Élisabeth Guazzelli 2014 Jacques Magnaudet 2019 Denis Sipp Other disciplines [ edit ] 1967 Jacques Blamont 1975 Bernard Fauconnier [ fr ] 1976 Martial Ducloy 1976 Arlette Nougarède 1981 Christian Bordé 1988 Jean-Loup Chenot [ fr ] 2019 Denis Sipp [ fr ] References [ edit ] ^ "Prix Paul Doistau-Emile Blutet (sciences de l'univers), Lauréats 2002-2011" (PDF) (in French). French Academy of Sciences . ^ "Prix Paul Doistau-Emile Blutet (sciences de l'univers), Lauréats 2002-2011" (PDF) (in French). French Academy of Sciences . ^ "Prix Paul Doistau-Émile Blutet (biologie intégrative) : Lauréats 2000-2012" (PDF) (in French). French Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 1 September 2013 . ^ 2019 Laureates 1 ^ "University of Florida Colloquium : Dominique Foata " . Archived from
304-499: Is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from February 2021 French Academy of Sciences The French Academy of Sciences ( French : Académie des sciences , [akademi de sjɑ̃s] ) is a learned society , founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert , to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research . It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in
342-559: Is now a journal series with seven titles. The publications can be found on site of the French National Library . In 1818 the French Academy of Sciences launched a competition to explain the properties of light. The civil engineer Augustin-Jean Fresnel entered the competition by submitting a new wave theory of light . Siméon Denis Poisson , one of the members of the judging committee, studied Fresnel's theory in detail. Being
380-798: The Wayback Machine . ^ "Profil de Christian Bordé" . Archived from the original on 2 October 2013 . Retrieved 22 April 2020 . ^ Jean-Loup Chenot Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prix_Paul_Doistau–Émile_Blutet&oldid=1036495798 " Categories : Awards of the French Academy of Sciences Awards established in the 1950s Mathematics awards Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from January 2020 Articles with permanently dead external links Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description
418-525: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Bernard Fauconnier " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for
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#1733092976263456-545: The 17th and 18th centuries, and is one of the earliest Academies of Sciences . Currently headed by Patrick Flandrin (President of the academy), it is one of the five Academies of the Institut de France . The Academy of Sciences traces its origin to Colbert's plan to create a general academy. He chose a small group of scholars who met on 22 December 1666 in the King's library, near the present-day Bibliothèque Nationale , and thereafter held twice-weekly working meetings there in
494-442: The 20th century, in 1987, when the academy decided against the practice and to begin filling vacancies with people with new disciplines. This reform was not only aimed at further diversifying the disciplines under the academy, but also to help combat the internal aging of the academy itself. The academy was expected to remain apolitical, and to avoid discussion of religious and social issues. On 20 January 1699, Louis XIV gave
532-567: The Company its first rules. The academy received the name of Royal Academy of Sciences and was installed in the Louvre in Paris. Following this reform, the academy began publishing a volume each year with information on all the work done by its members and obituaries for members who had died. This reform also codified the method by which members of the academy could receive pensions for their work. The academy
570-413: The King was recognized until its abolishment in 1793. Membership in the academy the exceeded 100 officially-recognised full members only in 1976, 310 years after the academy's inception in 1666. The membership increase came with a large-scale reorganization in 1976. Under this reorganization, 130 resident members, 160 correspondents, and 80 foreign associates could be elected. A vacancy opens only upon
608-473: The Third class, into a new Second class concerned with literature and a new Third class devoted to the fine arts. Still this relationship between the academy and the government was not a one-way affair, as members expected to receive their payment of an honorarium. Although the academy still exists today, after World War I, the reputation and status of the academy was largely questioned. One factor behind its decline
646-664: The academy as an associate or correspondent before being appointed as a full member of the academy. The election process was originally only to replace members from a specific section. For example, if someone whose study was mathematics was either removed or resigned from his position, the following election process nominated only those whose focus was also mathematics in order to fill that discipline's vacancy. That led to some periods of time in which no specialists for specific fields of study could be found, which left positions in those fields vacant since they could not be filled with people in other disciplines. The needed reform came late in
684-496: The academy was funded by and accountable to the Ministry of Public Instruction . The academy came to control French patent laws in the course of the eighteenth century, acting as the liaison of artisans' knowledge to the public domain. As a result, academicians dominated technological activities in France. The academy proceedings were published under the name Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences (1835–1965). The Comptes rendus
722-482: The academy was in 1944. Removal from the academy was often for not performing to standards, not performing at all, leaving the country, or political reasons. In some rare occasions, a member has been elected twice and subsequently removed twice. This is the case for Marie-Adolphe Carnot . The most direct involvement of the government in the affairs of the institute came in the initial nomination of members in 1795, but as its members nominated constituted only one third of
760-448: The academy with his hands-on vivisection experiments, could not get his study into its own category. Despite Magendie being one of the leading innovators of his time, it was still a battle for him to become an official member of the academy, a feat he would later accomplish in 1821. He further improved the reverence of the academy when he and anatomist Charles Bell produced the widely known " Bell-Magendie Law ". From 1795 until 1914,
798-710: The advice notes, policy statements and the Academic Reports. Some have a statutory remit, such as the Select Committee, the Committee for International Affairs and the Committee for Scientists' Rights, some are created ad hoc by the academy and approved formally by vote in a members-only session. Today the academies standing committees and working parties include: Each year, the Academy of Sciences distributes about 80 prizes. These include: The following are incomplete lists of
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#1733092976263836-667: The applications of chemical, natural, biological, and medical sciences. On 8 August 1793, the National Convention abolished all the academies. On 22 August 1795, a National Institute of Sciences and Arts was put in place, bringing together the old academies of the sciences, literature and arts, among them the Académie française and the Académie des sciences. Also in 1795, The academy determined these 10 titles (first 4 in Division 1 and
874-403: The death of members, as they serve for life. During elections, half of the vacancies are reserved for people less than 55 years old. This was created as an attempt to encourage younger members to join the academy. The reorganization also divided the academy into 2 divisions: One division, Division 1, covers the applications of mathematics and physical sciences, the other, Division 2, covers
912-442: The encouraging of the scientific life, promoting the teaching of science, transmitting knowledge between scientific communities, fostering international collaborations, and ensuring a dual role of expertise and advise. The French Academy of Science originally focused its development efforts into creating a true co-development Euro-African program beginning in 1997. Since then they have broadened their scope of action to other regions of
950-401: The first world war, the French Academy of Science was the most prevalent organization of French science. Almost all the old members of the previously abolished Académie were formally re-elected and retook their ancient seats. Among the exceptions was Dominique, comte de Cassini , who refused to take his seat. Membership in the academy was not restricted to scientists: in 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte
988-558: The government refused to accept the result of academy elections. The academies control by the government was apparent in 1803, when Bonaparte decided on a general reorganization. His principal concern was not the First class but the Second, which included political scientists who were potential critics of his government. Bonaparte abolished the second class completely and, after a few expulsions, redistributed its remaining members, together with those of
1026-457: The membership and most of these had previously been elected as members of the respective academies under the old regime, few objections were raised. Moreover, these nominated members were then completely free to nominate the remaining members of the institute. Members expected to remain such for life, but interference occurred in a few cases where the government suddenly terminated membership for political reasons. The other main interference came when
1064-1204: The officers of the academy. See also Category:Officers of the French Academy of Sciences . For a list of the academy's members past and present, see Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences Source: French Academy of Sciences Bernard Fauconnier Look for Bernard Fauconnier on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Bernard Fauconnier in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
1102-949: The original on 13 November 2013 . Retrieved 22 April 2020 . ^ Arcus Rhône-Alpes/Brésil 2007 , page 5. ^ "2014 Laureates" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2014 . Retrieved 22 April 2020 . ^ 2016 Laureates ^ "Lauréats 2018 des prix thématiques" . French Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 27 December 2020 . ^ 2015 Laureates ^ "Prix Paul Doistau–Émile Blutet: Sciences Mécaniques et Informatiques" (PDF) . French Academy of Sciences. 2014 . Retrieved 25 December 2020 . ^ "Lauréats 2019 des prix thématiques remis le 26 novembre 2019" . French Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 27 December 2020 . ^ "Royal Academy of Sciences profile" (PDF) . Royal Academy of Sciences. 2015 . Retrieved 6 March 2015 . ^ Martial Ducloy Curriculum Vitae Archived 2013-11-13 at
1140-529: The others in Division 2) to be their newly accepted branches of scientific study: The last two sections are bundled since there were many good candidates fit to be elected for those practices, and the competition was stiff. Some individuals like Francois Magendie had made stellar advancements in their selected fields of study, that warranted a possible addition of new fields. However, even someone like Magendie that had made breakthroughs in Physiology and impressed
1178-407: The two rooms assigned to the group. The first 30 years of the academy's existence were relatively informal, since no statutes had as yet been laid down for the institution. In contrast to its British counterpart , the academy was founded as an organ of government. In Paris, there were not many membership openings, to fill positions there were contentious elections. The election process was at least
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1216-449: The wave-nature of light. For three centuries women were not allowed as members of the academy. This meant that many women scientists were excluded, including two-time Nobel Prize winner Marie Curie , Nobel winner Irène Joliot-Curie , mathematician Sophie Germain , and many other deserving women scientists. The first woman admitted as a correspondent member was a student of Curie's, Marguerite Perey , in 1962. The first female full member
1254-518: The world. The standing committee COPED is in charge of the international development projects undertaken by the French Academy of Science and their associates. The current president of COPED is Pierre Auger , the vice president is Michel Delseny , and the honorary president is Francois Gros . All of which are current members of the French Academy of Science. COPED has hosted several workshops or colloquia in Paris, involving representatives from African academies, universities or research centers, addressing
1292-464: Was Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat in 1979. Membership in the academy is highly geared towards representing common French populace demographics . French population increases and changes in the early 21st century led to the academy expanding reference population sizes by reform in the early 2002. The overwhelming majority of members leave the academy posthumously, with a few exceptions of removals, transfers, and resignations. The last member to be removed from
1330-508: Was elected a member of the academy and three years later a president in connection with his Egyptian expedition , which had a scientific component. In 1816, the again renamed "Royal Academy of Sciences" became autonomous, while forming part of the Institute of France ; the head of State became its patron. In the Second Republic , the name returned to Académie des sciences. During this period,
1368-452: Was only natural for Poisson to interpret it as an absurd result and that it should disprove Fresnel's theory. However, the head of the committee, Dominique-François-Jean Arago , and who incidentally later became Prime Minister of France, decided to perform the experiment in more detail. He molded a 2-mm metallic disk to a glass plate with wax. To everyone's surprise he succeeded in observing the predicted spot, which convinced most scientists of
1406-443: Was originally organized by the royal reform hierarchically into the following groups: Pensionaires, Pupils, Honoraires, and Associés. The reform also added new groups not previously recognized, such as Vétéran. Some of these role's member limits were expanded and some roles even removed or combined throughout the course of academy's history. The Honoraires group establish by this reform in 1699 whose members were directly appointed by
1444-463: Was the development from a meritocracy to gerontocracy : a shift from those with demonstrated scientific ability leading the academy to instead favoring those with seniority. It became known as a sort of "hall of fame" that lost control, real and symbolic, of the professional scientific diversity in France at the time. Another factor was that in the span of five years, 1909 to 1914, funding to science faculties considerably dropped, eventually leading to
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