107-663: Pride Cymru (previously Cardiff Mardi Gras ) is an LGBT pride festival held annually in Cardiff, Wales . Pride Cymru's Big Weekend is the biggest celebration of equality and diversity in Wales . Over 3 days, Pride Cymru hosts over 50,000 people in the Welsh capital to raise awareness of equality and diversity and supporting the LGBT+ community. As part of the festival, there are various cabaret performances, funfair rides, live music, bars and food stalls, and
214-418: A Twitter meme in 2018, eventually came to be used by some as a response to the perceived tameness of Pride Month. The rainbow flag, also known as the pride flag, is a symbol of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) pride and social movements. The most common variant consists of six horizontal stripes of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Designed in 1978 by artist Gilbert Baker,
321-602: A cable TV channel , and the Pride Library . Ranging from solemn to carnivalesque, pride events are typically held during LGBTQ Pride Month or some other period that commemorates a turning point in a country's LGBTQ history , for example Moscow Pride in May for the anniversary of Russia's 1993 decriminalization of homosexuality . Some pride events include Pride parades and marches, rallies, commemorations, community days, dance parties, and festivals. Common symbols of pride include
428-592: A eunuch . This is the earliest known law condemning the act of male-to-male intercourse in the military. Despite these laws, sex crimes were punished identically whether they were homosexual or heterosexual in the Assyrian society. Freely pictured art of anal intercourse , practiced as part of a religious ritual, dated from the third millennium BCE and onwards. Furthermore, the article 'Homosexualität' in Reallexicon der Assyriologie states, Homosexuality in itself
535-652: A motsoalle relationship was acknowledged publicly with a ritual feast and with the community fully aware of the women's commitment to one another. Motsoalle relationships commonly existed among school girls where it functioned like a type of " puppy love " or mentorship. However, different from the western notion of lesbianism , motsoalle relationships are not seen as an "alternative to heterosexual marriage". Women in motsoalle relationships are still expected to "marry men and conform, or appear to conform, to gender expectations." Motsoalle relationships are usually not seen as proper sexual and romantic relationship due to
642-466: A 10th century erotic compendium, individual proponents discuss their sexual preferences in contributed poems. Female poets, describe tribadism as a form of sexual gratification without the concomitant loss of reputation or risk of pregnancy. Other poets such as Abu'l-'Anbas Saymari , who is said to have written a book about lesbians and passive sodomites that has not survived to this day, described same-sex intercourse between two women as compatible due to
749-631: A constant reminder of shame; however, he also states that pride in some simpler forms is still useful to individuals struggling with shame. Savage writes that gay pride can also lead to disillusionment where an LGBT individual realizes the reality that sexual orientation does not say much about a person's personality, after being led by the illusion that LGBT individuals are part of a co-supportive and inherently good group of people. The growth and commercialization of Christopher Street Days, coupled with their de-politicization, has led to an alternative CSD in Berlin,
856-676: A day intended to celebrate the LGBTQ+ community in Cardiff. Pride Cymru later released a statement reading: Today’s Pride Cymru parade was all about celebration and LGBTQ+ rights. Despite a small group of people interrupting the march, they were drowned out by the shouts of solidarity from the community and spectators. There is no place for hate at Pride. And as our parade said today loudly and clearly: "Trans rights are human rights." LGBT pride Pride (also known as LGBTQ pride , LGBTQIA pride , LGBT pride , queer pride or gay and lesbian pride )
963-507: A depletion of the claims of such demonstrations and the merchandization of the parade. In this respect, they defend, in countries like Spain, the United States or Canada, a Critical Pride celebration to give the events a political meaning again. Gay Shame , a radical movement within the LGBT community , opposes the assimilation of LGBT people into mainstream, heteronormative society,
1070-852: A family area. The first Cardiff Mardi Gras took place in Bute Park , Cardiff, in September 1999 as a response to an increase in hate crime in South Wales. Over 5,000 people attended this inaugural event. Cardiff Mardi Gras became a registered charity in 2010. Since 2012 the event has included a pride parade through Cardiff city centre. In 2014, Cardiff Mardi Gras was renamed Pride Cymru, and has been operating under this name ever since. The Charity has 3 Patrons including Steps singer Ian 'H' Watkins , Actress Lu Corfield and Established Drag Performer Rob Keetch 'Dr Bev'. Previous Patrons include Russell T Davies, Charlotte Church, and Nigel Owens. Ever since its first event,
1177-620: A food item carved into the shape of a phallus. They also reported that the daughter of a ruler may be given a female slave as a sexual partner. Evans-Pritchard also recorded that the male Azande were fearful of women taking on female lovers, as they might view men as unnecessary. According to Aristotle , although most "belligerent nations" were strongly influenced by their women, the Celts were unusual among them because their men openly preferred male lovers ( Politics II 1269b). H. D. Rankin in Celts and
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#17328942405071284-480: A former member of the Catholic Church, sought to combat the negative energy emanating from the institution. Higgins paired one of the seven deadly sins, "pride," with "gay" due to the church's stance on same-sex behaviors as going against divine and natural laws. "That language was transformative," McConnell said. This approach not only opened doors but also propelled individuals forward. In 1971, McConnell introduced
1391-455: A gay pride event in the capital. Homosexual acts are illegal in Uganda . In a special queer issue of The Stranger in 1999, openly gay author, pundit, and journalist Dan Savage questioned the relevance of pride thirty years later, writing that pride was an effective antidote to shame imposed on LGBT people, but that pride is now making LGBT people dull and slow as a group, as well as being
1498-400: A homosexual relationship with a Muslim leader named Sayyid Husain. In later Ming dynasty, homosexuality began to be referred to as the "southern custom" due to the fact that Fujian was the site of a unique system of male marriages , attested to by the scholar-bureaucrat Shen Defu and the writer Li Yu , and mythologized by in the folk tale, The Leveret Spirit . The Qing dynasty instituted
1605-449: A king's clandestine gay affair with one of his generals. It may reference the actual Pharaoh Pepi II , but critics say that the story may have been written to tarnish what was considered to be a unloved monarch. The sixth- or seventh-century Ashmolean Parchment AN 1981.940 provides the only example in Coptic language of a love spell between men. This vellum leaf contains an incantation by
1712-489: A man named Apapolo, the son of Noah, to compel the presence and love of another man Phello, the son of Maure. Phello will be restless until he finds Apapolo and satisfies the latter's desire. Sunni Islam eventually supplanted Christianity as the dominant religion of Egypt in the centuries following the Muslim conquest of Egypt . The native Egyptian population was tolerant of homosexual behaviors, but Islamic religious authority
1819-509: A mature male mate (with exceptions such as Alexander the Great and the same-aged Hephaestion ) but the older man would usually be the erastes (lover) to a young eromenos (loved one). Kenneth J. Dover , followed by Michel Foucault and Halperin , assumed that it was considered improper for the eromenos to feel desire, as that would not be masculine. However, Dover's claim has been questioned in light of evidence of love poetry which suggests
1926-595: A more conservative and assimilationist approach to LGBTQ+ rights. As the movement became more radical in the late 1960s, particularly after the Stonewall Uprising, they were called Gay Liberation marches or rallies which emphasized demands for full equality and liberation. The term "Gay Pride" was claimed to be coined either by Jack Baker and Michael McConnell , an activist couple in Minnesota, or by Thom Higgins , another gay rights activist in Minnesota. Higgins,
2033-406: A more emotional connection than earlier researchers liked to acknowledge. The ideal held that both partners would be inspired by love symbolized by Eros , the erastes unselfishly providing education, guidance, and appropriate gifts to his eromenos, who became his devoted pupil and assistant, while the sexuality theoretically remained short of penetrative acts and supposedly would consist primarily of
2140-549: A sign "I am a Lesbian" walked by. – The New York Times coverage of Gay Liberation Day, 1970 Christopher Street Liberation Day on June 28, 1970, marked the first anniversary of the Stonewall riots with the march, which was the first Gay Pride march in New York history, and covered the 51 blocks to Central Park . The march took less than half the scheduled time due to excitement, but also due to wariness about walking through
2247-457: A social and political philosophy, focused little on sexuality, whether homosexual or heterosexual . In contrast, the role of women is given little positive emphasis in Chinese history, with records of lesbianism being especially rare. Still, there are also descriptions of lesbians in some history books. Chinese literature recorded multiple anecdotes of men engaging in homosexual relationships. In
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#17328942405072354-773: A standstill. Even though the Royal Household of Spain approved publication of the interview and Pilar Urbano offered to share the interview recording, both Queen Sofía and the Royal Household have refuted the comments in question. In 2015 police dispersed the Pride parade using tear gas and rubber bullets. In 2016 and 2017, the Istanbul Governor's Office did not allow the Pride Parade to take place, citing security concerns and public order. In 2016, Ugandan police broke up
2461-565: A statement. According to Chief Marlon Macedo, the police alleged that the photographer was interfering with their work, did not have identification, and became aggressive when he was asked to move. Bené denied the allegations, saying the police were belligerent and that the scene was witnessed by "over 300 people", reported Agência Estado. In a 2008 interview for the biography La Reina muy cerca (The Queen Up Close), by Spanish journalist and writer Pilar Urbano , Queen Sofía of Spain sparked controversy by voicing her disapproval of LGBT pride. This
2568-489: A temptation to adult men as a whole, and not merely to a small minority of deviants." Muslim—often Sufi —poets in medieval Arab lands and in Persia wrote odes to the beautiful wine boys who served them in the taverns. In many areas the practice survived into modern times, as documented by Richard Francis Burton , André Gide , and others. Homoerotic themes were present in poetry and other literature written by some Muslims from
2675-483: Is " Two-Spirit ". In a traditional culture that holds these roles as sacred, these individuals are recognized early in life, raised in the appropriate manner, learning from the Elders the customs, spiritual, and social duties fulfilled by these people in the community. While this new term has not been universally accepted—it has been criticized as a term of erasure by traditional communities who already have their own terms for
2782-701: Is Beautiful ", gay civil rights pioneer and participant in the Annual Reminders Frank Kameny originated the slogan "Gay is Good" in the early 1960s to counter social stigma and personal feelings of guilt and shame . Early on the morning of Saturday, June 28, 1969, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons rioted following a police raid on the Stonewall Inn , a gay bar at 43 Christopher Street in Greenwich Village , Manhattan , New York City. This riot and further protests and rioting over
2889-492: Is currently due to continue until at least 2022. In 2016, there was a rumour started that Cardiff Council had dropped support for the event. In an official statement, the Pride Cymru chair said she was told by the council that they'd "made a choice not to allow events during the summer of 2017". There was strong local opposition to the decision and the issue prompted a personal appeal from Sir Ian McKellen in which he compared
2996-484: Is interpreted to prohibit same-sex intercourse as sinful. Ancient commentary on this passage suggests that those engaging in sodomy could be killed without permission from a high priest . These prohobitions had an influence during the implementations of other religions in the region such as during the spread of Buddhism in Central Asia, and eventually supplanted by the domination of Islam and Sharia Law. Homophobia
3103-419: Is no straight or heterosexual civil rights movement. (federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific racial/ethnic group or sexual minority , (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies LGBTQ history LGBTQ history dates back to
3210-609: Is seen by the fact that they prayed for divine blessing on it. It seems clear that the Mesopotamians saw nothing wrong in homosexual acts between consenting adults. The ancient Law of Moses (the Torah ) forbids men from lying with men (i.e., from having intercourse) in Leviticus 18 and gives a story of attempted homosexual rape in Genesis 19 , in the story of Sodom and Gomorrah , after which
3317-420: Is the promotion of the rights, self-affirmation , dignity, equality , and increased visibility of lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer ( LGBTQ ) people as a social group . Pride, as opposed to shame and social stigma , is the predominant outlook that bolsters most LGBTQ rights movements. Pride has lent its name to LGBTQ-themed organizations, institutes, foundations, book titles, periodicals,
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3424-421: Is thus nowhere condemned as licentiousness, as immorality, as social disorder, or as transgressing any human or divine law . Anyone could practice it freely, just as anyone could visit a prostitute , provided it was done without violence and without compulsion, and preferably as far as taking the passive role was concerned, with specialists. That there was nothing religiously amiss with homosexual love between men
3531-501: Is usually referred to in Japan as wakashudō (若衆道, lit. ' way of the wakashū ' ) and nanshoku (男色, lit. ' male colors ' ). The institution of wakashudō in Japan is in many ways similar to pederasty in ancient Greece . Older men usually engaged in romantic and sexual relationships with younger men (the wakashū ), usually in their teens . In the classic Japanese literature The Tale of Genji , written in
3638-466: The Civic Center (now Richard J. Daley) Plaza . The date was chosen because the Stonewall events began on the last Saturday of June and because organizers wanted to reach the maximum number of Michigan Avenue shoppers. Subsequent Chicago parades have been held on the last Sunday of June, coinciding with the date of many similar parades elsewhere. Subsequently, during the same weekend, gay activist groups on
3745-622: The Heian Era , men are frequently moved by the beauty of young boys. In one scene the hero is rejected by a lady and instead sleeps with her young brother: "Genji pulled the boy down beside him ... Genji, for his part, or so one is informed, found the boy more attractive than his chilly sister". Some references also contain references to emperors involved in homosexual relationships and to "handsome boys retained for sexual purposes" by emperors. In other literary works can be found references to what Leupp has called "problems of gender identity ", such as
3852-472: The Sesotho notion of sex, where an act is not considered a sex act if one partner was not male. As Lesotho became more modernized , those communities were exposed to Western culture and thus homophobia . Anthropologist K. Limakatsuo Kendall hypothesizes that as Western ideas spread, the idea that women could be sexual with one another, coupled with homophobia, began to erase the motsoalle relationships. By
3959-472: The Workers' Party opposed the bill as enhancing "the possibility of discrimination and prejudice". The bill was nevertheless passed by the city council, but never received the signature of mayor Gilberto Kassab . A Brazilian photographer was arrested after refusing to delete photos of police attacking two young people participating in a gay pride parade on October 16, 2011, in the city of Itabuna, Bahia, reported
4066-406: The commodification of non-heterosexual identity and culture, and in particular the (over) commercialization of pride events. "Straight pride" and "heterosexual pride" are analogies and slogans that contrast heterosexuality with homosexuality by copying the phrase "gay pride". Originating from the culture wars in the United States, "straight pride" is a form of conservative backlash as there
4173-565: The keikan ( 鶏姦 ) code, a sodomy law criminalizing homosexual practices. Several members of Korea's nobility class and Buddhist monks have been known to declare their attraction to members of the same sex. Some Korean emperors from a thousand years ago were also known for having male lovers. In Thailand, homosexuality has been documented as early as the Ayutthaya period (1351 to 1767). Temple murals have been found which depict same-sex relations between men and between women. Concubines from
4280-468: The rainbow flag and other pride flags , the lowercase Greek letter lambda (λ) , the pink triangle and the black triangle , these latter two reclaimed from use as badges of shame in Nazi concentration camps . In the earlier decades of the 20th century before the term "Pride" became widely used, gatherings and protests by the LGBTQ+ community were often referred to as Homophile demonstrations reflecting
4387-636: The 1980s, the ritual feasts that were once celebrated by the community for motsoalles had vanished. Today, motsoalle relationships have largely disappeared. Among the Zande people of Congo, there was a social institution similar to pederasty in Ancient Greece . E. E. Evans-Pritchard also recorded that male Azande warriors routinely took on boy-wives between the ages of twelve and twenty, who helped with household tasks and participated in intercrural sex with their older husbands. The practice had died out by
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4494-532: The Americas prior to European colonization, a number of nations had respected roles for homosexual, bisexual, and gender-nonconforming individuals; in some Indigenous communities, these social and spiritual roles are still observed. While the Indigenous cultures that preserve (or have adopted) these roles have their own names, in their own languages, for these individuals, a modern, pan-Indian term that some have adopted
4601-779: The Annual Reminder, in order to be more relevant, reach a greater number of people, and encompass the ideas and ideals of the larger struggle in which we are engaged—that of our fundamental human rights—be moved both in time and location. We propose that a demonstration be held annually on the last Saturday in June in New York City to commemorate the 1969 spontaneous demonstrations on Christopher Street and this demonstration be called CHRISTOPHER STREET LIBERATION DAY. No dress or age regulations shall be made for this demonstration. We also propose that we contact Homophile organizations throughout
4708-602: The CSD committee, Robert Kastl, countered Butler's allegations and pointed out that the organizers already awarded a counseling center for lesbians dealing with double discrimination in 2006. Regarding the allegations of commercialism, Kastl further explained that the CSD organizers do not require small groups to pay a participation fee (which starts at €50 and goes up to €1500 ). He also distanced himself from all forms of racism and Islamophobia . Some social movements and associations have criticized modern iterations of pride, viewing it as
4815-539: The Civil Courage Award (Zivilcouragepreis) of the Christopher Street Day Parade in Berlin, Germany, at the award ceremony, arguing and lamenting in a speech that the parade had become too commercial, and was ignoring the problems of racism and the double discrimination facing homosexual or transsexual migrants. According to Butler, even the organizers themselves promote racism. The general manager of
4922-512: The Classical World notes that "Athenaeus echoes this comment (603a) and so does Ammianus (30.9). It seems to be the general opinion of antiquity." In book XIII of his Deipnosophists , the Roman Greek rhetorician and grammarian Athenaeus , repeating assertions made by Diodorus Siculus in the first century BCE ( Bibliotheca historica 5:32), wrote that Celtic women were beautiful but that
5029-498: The L Out , a gender-critical feminism group. The disruption was planned with Merched Cymru, Wales Women's Rights Network, and the LGB Alliance . Signs held by the group included quotes of "Lesbian, not queer", "TransActivism Erases Lesbians", and "Lesbians Don’t Like Penises". The protesters were approached by South Wales Police officers and asked to move aside. Many in the community found the disruption disappointing and upsetting on
5136-632: The Pacific due to the aggressive discriminatory impositions of Western conservatism on the region. The earliest references to homophobia in South Asia are from Zoroastrianism around 250 BC. During the Parthian Empire , which encompassed the region currently known as Pakistan, the Zoroastrian text Vendidad was written. It contains provisions that are part of sexual code promoting procreative sexuality that
5243-562: The UK's diversity and our values of equality, inclusion and freedom". The US embassy in the Emirates also posted a picture of the flying American and Pride flags on its Abu Dhabi residence, stating that it supported "dignity and equality of all people". While the move was remarkable, it faced backlash online and was extensively criticized by the locals over social media. Many called it "disrespectful" and "insulting". The term Wrath Month , which started as
5350-895: The United States constituted an extremely repressive legal and social period for LGBT people . In this context American homophile organizations such as the Daughters of Bilitis and the Mattachine Society coordinated some of the earliest demonstrations of the modern LGBT rights movement. These two organizations in particular carried out pickets called " Annual Reminders " to inform and remind Americans that LGBT people did not receive basic civil rights protections. Annual Reminders began in 1965 and took place each July 4 at Independence Hall in Philadelphia . The anti-LGBT discourse of these times equated both male and female homosexuality with mental illness. Inspired by Stokely Carmichael 's " Black
5457-736: The United States, the month of June is recognized as Pride Month whereas in Canada, it's a full season. For the first time in the history of an Arab monarchy, diplomatic embassies in the United Arab Emirates supported the LGBTQ community by raising the rainbow flag to celebrate Pride Month 2021. The UK embassy in the UAE posted a picture on Twitter of the Pride flag alongside the Union Jack , affirming their "pride in
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#17328942405075564-647: The West Coast of the United States held a march in Los Angeles and a march and "Gay-in" in San Francisco . The next year, Gay Pride marches took place in Boston , Dallas , Milwaukee , London , Paris , West Berlin , and Stockholm . By 1972 the participating cities included Atlanta , Brighton , Buffalo , Detroit , Washington D.C. , Miami , and Philadelphia , as well as San Francisco. Frank Kameny soon realized
5671-491: The abolition of Section 28 in 2003, which had prohibited local authorities from "promoting" homosexuality. A celebrated achievement in LGBTQ history occurred when Queen Beatrix signed a law making Netherlands the first country to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001. Male homosexuality has been acknowledged in China since ancient times and was mentioned in many famous works of Chinese literature. Confucianism , being primarily
5778-419: The act of frottage or intercrural sex . Although this was the ideal, realistically speaking, it is probable that in many such relationships fellatio and penetrative anal intercourse did occur. The hoped-for result was the mutual improvement of both erastes and eromenos, each doing his best to excel in order to be worthy of the other. Men could also seek adolescent boys as partners as shown by some of
5885-492: The annual observance of LGBT History Month began in the United States, and it has since been picked up in other countries. This observance involves highlighting the history of the people, LGBTQ rights and related civil rights movements. It is observed during October in the United States, to include National Coming Out Day on October 11. In the United Kingdom it has been observed during February since 2005 to coincide with
5992-516: The birth of the gay liberation movement. Certainly it was the birth of gay pride on a massive scale." In the 1980s there was a major cultural shift in the Stonewall Riot commemorations. The previous more loosely organized, grassroots marches and parades were taken over by more organized and less radical elements of the gay community. The marches began dropping "Liberation" and "Freedom" from their names under pressure from more conservative members of
6099-549: The bureaucracy. The duo Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum , manicurists in the Palace of King Niuserre during the Fifth Dynasty of Egyptian pharaohs, c. 2400 BCE, are speculated to have been gay based on a representation of them embracing nose-to-nose in their shared tomb, though critics say that they were likely brothers. King Neferkare and General Sasenet , a Middle Kingdom story, has an intriguing plot revolving around
6206-455: The cities were soon destroyed with "brimstone and fire, from the Lord" and the death penalty was prescribed to its inhabitants and to Lot's wife who was tuned into a pillar of salt because she turned back to watch the cities' destruction. In Deuteronomy 22:5, cross-dressing is condemned as "abominable". In pre-modern Islam there was a "widespread conviction that beardless youths possessed
6313-410: The city with gay banners and signs. Although the parade permit was delivered only two hours before the start of the march, the marchers encountered little resistance from onlookers. The New York Times reported (on the front page) that the marchers took up the entire street for about 15 city blocks. Reporting by The Village Voice was positive, describing "the out-front resistance that grew out of
6420-668: The community, replacing them with the philosophy of "Gay Pride" (in San Francisco, the name of the gay parade and celebration was not changed from Gay Freedom Day Parade to Gay Pride Day Parade until 1994). The Greek lambda symbol and the pink triangle , which had been revolutionary symbols of the Gay Liberation Movement, were tidied up and incorporated into the Gay Pride, or Pride, movement, providing some symbolic continuity with its more radical beginnings . The pink triangle
6527-575: The concept of homosexuality and transexuality in a neutral manner. In South Asia the Hijra are a caste of third gender or transgender people who live a feminine role. Hijra may be born male or intersex , and some may have been born female. In the age of the Abbasid Caliphate , some references and anecdotes to same-sex love affairs and social views on gender and sexuality can be found in literary texts such as recorded poems. In Jawāmiʿ al-ladhdha ,
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#17328942405076634-632: The conclusion that many emperors in the Han dynasty had one or more male sex partners. However, except in unusual cases, such as Emperor Ai, the men named for their homosexual relationships in the official histories appear to have had active heterosexual lives as well. With the rise of the Tang dynasty , China became increasingly influenced by the sexual morals of foreigners from Western and Central Asia, and female companions began to replace male companions in terms of power and familial standings. The following Song dynasty
6741-456: The context of local opposition. In August 2011, São Paulo city alderman Carlos Apolinário of the right-wing Democrats Party sponsored a bill to organize and sponsor "Heterosexual Pride Day" on the third Sunday of December. Apolinário, an Evangelical Protestant , stated that the intent of the parade was a "struggle ... against excesses and privileges". Members of Gay Group of Bahia [ ar ; ast ; es ; fr ; it ; pt ] and
6848-439: The countries that Britain colonized. In Cambodia , homosexuality and same-sex marriages are openly supported by the monarchy, which has called on its government to legalize marriage equality. In East Timor , Asia's youngest independent country since 2002, prime ministers and presidents have openly supported the LGBTQ community since 2017 when the nation celebrated its first pride march with religious and political leaders backing
6955-657: The country and suggest that they hold parallel demonstrations on that day. We propose a nationwide show of support. All attendees to the ERCHO meeting in Philadelphia voted for the march except for Mattachine Society of New York, which abstained. Members of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) attended the meeting and were seated as guests of Rodwell's group, Homophile Youth Movement in Neighborhoods (HYMN). Meetings to organize
7062-605: The culture of the indigenous Aboriginal peoples since pre-colonial times, while homosexual terminologies are indigenous to Tiwi Islanders. In New Zealand , Maori culture has records of homosexuality through their indigenous epics, where queer people are referred to as takatāpui . In Hawaii , queer people, referred to as māhū , are widely accepted since pre-colonial times. Intimate same-sex relationships, referred as moe aikāne , are supported by indigenous rulers or chieftains without any form of stigma. British colonialism and Christian churches have left an anti-LGBTQ legacy in parts of
7169-436: The early 20th century, after Europeans had gained control of African countries, but was recounted to Evans-Pritchard by the elders with whom he spoke. During the 1930s Evans-Pritchard recorded information about sexual relationships between women, based on reports from male Azande. According to male Azande, women would take female lovers in order to seek out pleasure and that partners would penetrate each other using bananas or
7276-438: The festival has continued to grow. It now attracts up to 50,000 people over the three days of the Pride Cymru Big Weekend Festival and is considered to be one of the fastest-growing LGBTI events in the UK. Pride Cymru was relocated from Bute Park to City Hall Lawns in 2017, due to a booking clash with the Champions League final that year. However, the Big Weekend has continued to be held at the City Hall Lawns ever since. The event
7383-405: The first law against consensual, non-monetized homosexuality in China. However, the punishment designated, which included a month in prison and 100 heavy blows, was actually the lightest punishment which existed in the Qing legal system. In Dream of the Red Chamber , written during the Qing dynasty, instances of same-sex affection and sexual interactions described seem as familiar to observers in
7490-456: The first recorded instances of same-sex love, diverse gender identities, and sexualities in ancient civilizations, involving the history of lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender , and queer ( LGBTQ ) peoples and cultures around the world. What survives after many centuries of persecution—resulting in shame, suppression, and secrecy—has only in more recent decades been pursued and interwoven into more mainstream historical narratives. In 1994,
7597-454: The flag's colors were originally eight and had specific meanings in relation to the LGBT+ community. The design has undergone revisions over the years, but it remains a widely recognized symbol of LGBTQ+ identity and activism. From both outside and inside the LGBT community, there is criticism and protest against pride events. Bob Christie's documentary Beyond Gay: The Politics of Pride evaluates gay pride events in different countries within
7704-521: The following nights were the watershed moment in the modern LGBT rights movement and the impetus for organizing LGBT pride marches on a much larger public scale. On November 2, 1969, Craig Rodwell , his partner Fred Sargeant, Ellen Broidy , and Linda Rhodes proposed the first pride march to be held in New York City by way of a resolution at the Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations (ERCHO) meeting in Philadelphia. That
7811-566: The gender identity of the partner. An example of described homosexuality between men are the two poets Abū Nuwās and al-Buturī known for their affection for slave boys ( ghulām ) or socially inferior boys. In one story, al-Buturī's is selling Nasīm, a slave boy, to the son of a vizier, only to regret it later and buy him back at great financial sacrifice. Abū Nuwās explicitly describes his affection for young male lovers in his poems, often referring to socially subordinate boys such as Christian tavern boys, student from mosques, or apprentices in
7918-405: The greatest mistakes of his life". The image of gays retaliating against police, after so many years of allowing such treatment to go unchallenged, "stirred an unexpected spirit among many homosexuals". Kay Lahusen , who photographed the marches in 1965, stated, "Up to 1969, this movement was generally called the homosexual or homophile movement... Many new activists consider the Stonewall uprising
8025-564: The march began in early January at Rodwell's apartment in 350 Bleecker Street . At first there was difficulty getting some of the major New York City organizations like Gay Activists Alliance (GAA) to send representatives. Craig Rodwell and his partner Fred Sargeant, Ellen Broidy, Michael Brown , Marty Nixon, and Foster Gunnison Jr. of Mattachine made up the core group of the CSLD Umbrella Committee (CSLDUC). For initial funding, Gunnison served as treasurer and sought donations from
8132-503: The march on a Sunday, and so as to mark the date of the start of the Stonewall uprising, the CSLDUC scheduled the date for the first march for Sunday, June 28, 1970. With Dick Leitsch's replacement as president of Mattachine NY by Michael Kotis in April 1970, opposition to the march by Mattachine ended. There was little open animosity, and some bystanders applauded when a tall, pretty girl carrying
8239-556: The matings which have taken place among their sheiks and their sheiks' sons....Most of the boys used in sodomy are between twelve and eighteen years of age." In the late 1940s, a Siwan merchant told the visiting British novelist Robin Maugham that the Siwan men "will kill each other for boy. Never for a woman". The Middle Assyrian Law Codes (1075 BCE) state: If a man has intercourse with his brother-in-arms, they shall turn him into
8346-569: The medieval period onward and which celebrated love between men. In fact these were more common than expressions of attraction to women. The Ottoman Empire In a world before sexual preferences defined identity, men who desired other men were not thought of as members of a biologically determined, distinctive subculture with a constant nature. Because men and women were not thought of as opposites, same-sex relationships were not considered to go against nature. (In fact, women were thought of as biologically imperfect men.) Among Indigenous peoples of
8453-475: The men preferred to sleep together. Diodorus went further, stating that "the young men will offer themselves to strangers and are insulted if the offer is refused". Rankin argues that the ultimate source of these assertions is likely to be Poseidonius and speculates that these authors may be recording male "bonding rituals". Same-sex relationships did not replace marriage between man and woman, but occurred before and beside it. A mature man would not usually have
8560-671: The money paid for a woman was a little over one pound." The archaeologist Count Byron de Prorok reported in 1937 that "an enthusiasm could not have been approached even in Sodom ... Homosexuality was not merely rampant, it was raging...Every dancer had his boyfriend...[and] chiefs had harems of boys. Walter Cline noted that, "all normal Siwan men and boys practice sodomy ...the natives are not ashamed of this; they talk about it as openly as they talk about love of women, and many if not most of their fights arise from homosexual competition....Prominent men lend their sons to each other. All Siwans know
8667-540: The movement. In some societies of Melanesia , especially in Papua New Guinea , same-sex relationships were, until the middle of the last century, an integral part of the culture. Third gender concepts are prevalent in Polynesia , such as Samoa , where traditional same-sex marriage have been documented and trans people are widely accepted prior to colonization. In Australia , non-binary concepts have been recorded in
8774-488: The national homophile organizations and sponsors, while Sargeant solicited donations via the Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop customer mailing list and Nixon worked to gain financial support from GLF in his position as treasurer for that organization. Other mainstays of the organizing committee were Judy Miller, Jack Waluska, Steve Gerrie and Brenda Howard of GLF. Believing that more people would turn out for
8881-569: The negative attitude toward the LGBT community with that seen in India and China on his travels. Under intense pressure, Cardiff Council reversed its decision and awarded Pride Cymru a slot later in August to move it away from other major events taking place. The organisers would instead take over the running of the council's Big Weekend open-air music festival. The 2022 parade was disrupted by protesters from Get
8988-421: The newspaper Correio 24 horas. According to the website Notícias de Ipiau, Ederivaldo Benedito, known as Bené, said four police officers tried to convince him to delete the photos soon after they realized they were being photographed. When he refused, they ordered him to turn over the camera. When the photographer refused again, the police charged him with contempt and held him in jail for over 21 hours until he gave
9095-576: The people being grouped under this new term, and by those who reject what they call the "western" binary implications, such as implying that Natives believe these individuals are "both male and female" —it has generally received more acceptance and use than the anthropological term it replaced. Anthropologists Stephen Murray and Will Roscoe reported that women in Lesotho engaged in socially sanctioned "long term, erotic relationships", named motsoalle ( lit. ' Special Friend ' ). Often,
9202-619: The pivotal change brought by the Stonewall riots. An organizer of gay activism in the 1950s, he was used to persuasion, trying to convince heterosexuals that gay people were no different from themselves. When he and other people marched in front of the White House, the State Department and Independence Hall only five years earlier, their objective was to look as if they could work for the U.S. government. Ten people marched with Kameny then, and they alerted no press to their intentions. Although he
9309-516: The police raid on the Stonewall Inn one year ago". There was also an assembly on Christopher Street. On Saturday, June 27, 1970, Chicago Gay Liberation organized a march from Washington Square Park ("Bughouse Square") to the Water Tower at the intersection of Michigan and Chicago avenues, which was the route originally planned, and then many of the participants extemporaneously marched on to
9416-467: The practice arose because from ancient times unmarried men and adolescent boys were required to live and work together outside the town of Shali, secluded for several years from any access to available women. In 1900, the German egyptologist George Steindorff reported that, "the feast of marrying a boy was celebrated with great pomp, and the money paid for a boy sometimes amounted to fifteen pound , while
9523-534: The present as do equivalent stories of romances between heterosexual people during the same period. Significant efforts to suppress homosexuality in China began with the Self-Strengthening Movement , when homophobia was imported to China along with Western science and philosophy. In 2006, a shrine for the god of homosexual love, Tu'er Shen , was established in Taiwan centuries after the original temple
9630-751: The royal Thai family were known in the ‘Samutthakhot Kham Chan’ ( สมุทรโฆษคำฉันท์ ), Thai literature from Ayuttaya times, to have lesbian relationships. Records of homosexuality are present since at least the 14th century in Vietnam . In the Philippines , same-sex marriage was documented as normalized as early as the 1500s through the Boxer Codex , while various texts have elaborated on the powerful roles gender non-conforming peoples had prior to Spanish colonization. Many of these gender non-conforming people became shamans known as babaylan , whose social status were on par with
9737-783: The ruling nobility. In Indonesia , the Serat Centhini records the prevalence of bisexuality and homosexuality in Javanese culture. Homosexuality has also been recorded as part of numerous indigenous cultures throughout Indonesia, where each culture has specific terminologies for gender non-conforming peoples, many of whom had high roles in society. Under British colonial rule, the British imposed Section 377 or its equivalent over territories it colonized in Asia, including Myanmar , Malaysia , Singapore , and Brunei . The law has left an anti-LGBTQ legacy in
9844-470: The same sex especially among kings and queens. Kamasutra , the ancient Hinduism based Indian treatise on love talks about feelings for the same sex. There are several depictions of same-sex sexual acts in Hindu temples like Khajuraho . Currently one of the earliest discovered references to homosexuality in South Asia comes from a Hindu medical journal written in the holy city of Varanasi in 600 BCE, which describes
9951-529: The similarity of both love bodies and the equality of their relationship to other women. The categorisation of different sex acts in Arabic-Islamic culture, was named according to the act rather than a particular orientation. A possible distinction according to El-Rouayheb is that of the active and passive part during the sexual intercourse. Thus, the act of two women haven intercourse was known as saḥḥāqāt, derived from saḥq for rubbing - in theory regardless of
10058-530: The so-called "Kreuzberger CSD" or "Transgenialer" ("Transgenial"/Trans Ingenious") CSD. Political party members are not invited for speeches, nor can parties or companies sponsor floats. After the parade, there is a festival with a stage for political speakers and entertainers. Groups discuss lesbian/transsexual/transgender/gay or queer perspectives on issues such as poverty and unemployment benefits (Hartz IV), gentrification, or "Fortress Europe". In June 2010, American philosopher and theorist Judith Butler refused
10165-446: The story of a youth's falling in love with a girl who is actually a cross-dressing male. Japanese shunga are erotic pictures which include same-sex and opposite-sex love. As Japan started it process of westernizing during the Meiji era , homophobia was imported from western sources into Japan and animosity towards same-sex practices started growing. In 1873 Ministry of Justice passed
10272-642: The story of the leftover peach (余桃), set during the Spring and Autumn Era , the historian Han Fei recorded an anecdote in the relationship of Mizi Xia (彌子瑕) and Duke Ling of Wei (衛靈公) in which Mizi Xia shared an especially delicious peach with his lover. The story of the cut sleeve (断袖) recorded the Emperor Ai of Han sharing a bed with his lover, Dong Xian (董賢); when Emperor Ai woke up later, he carefully cut off his sleeve, so as not to awake Dong, who had fallen asleep on top of it. Scholar Pan Guangdan (潘光旦) came to
10379-531: The term "gay pride" in Chicago, setting off a powerful movement. Brenda Howard along with the bisexual activist Robert A. Martin (aka Donny the Punk) and gay activist L. Craig Schoonmaker are credited with popularizing the word "Pride" to describe these festivities. Karl Heinrich Ulrichs was one of the first openly gay activists and is considered a predecessor of the LGBT pride movement. The 1950s and 1960s in
10486-450: The world. At many colleges, which are not in session in June, LGBT pride is instead celebrated during April, which is dubbed "Gaypril". Pride month is not recognized internationally as pride celebrations take place in many other places at different times, including in the months of February, August, and September. In Canada, Pride Season refers to the wide array of Pride events held from June to September.[1] In other countries like
10593-427: The world. I call upon all Americans to observe this month by fighting prejudice and discrimination in their own lives and everywhere it exists. – Proclamation 8529 by U.S President Barack Obama, May 28, 2010 Three presidents of the United States have officially declared a pride month. First, President Bill Clinton declared June "Gay & Lesbian Pride Month" in 1999 and 2000. Then from 2009 to 2016, each year he
10700-504: Was also the inspiration for the homomonument in Amsterdam , commemorating all gay men and lesbians who have been subjected to persecution because of their homosexuality. Pride Month occurs in the United States to commemorate the Stonewall riots , which occurred at the end of June 1969. As a result, many pride events are held during this month to recognize the impact LGBTQ people have had in
10807-529: Was destroyed in Fujian by the Chinese government in the 17th century. Thousands of queer pilgrims have flocked the site to pray for good fortune in love. In 2019, Taiwan became the first country in the region to legalize marriage equality . Records of men who have sex with men in Japan date back to ancient times. However, they became most apparent to scholars during the Edo period . Historical practises of homosexuality
10914-442: Was discouraging of homosexual behaviors and non-traditional gender roles . However, Islamic law tolerated a smaller subsection of homosexual behaviors of pederasty , as the attraction to feminine male youth was viewed as natural and compatible with traditional Muslim gender roles. The Siwa Oasis was of special interest to anthropologists and sociologists because of its historical acceptance of male homosexuality. Some argue
11021-527: Was in addition to overstepping her official duties as a member of the Royal Family by censoring the Spanish Law on Marriage in how it names same-sex unions as "matrimonio" (marriage). Without using the slogan "Straight Pride", Queen Sofía was directly quoted as saying that if heterosexuals were to take the streets as the LGBT community does for Gay Pride parades, that the former collective would bring Madrid to
11128-692: Was in office, President Barack Obama declared June LGBT Pride Month. Later, President Joe Biden declared June LGBTQ+ Pride Month in 2021. Donald Trump became the first Republican president to acknowledge LGBT Pride Month in 2019, but he did so through tweeting rather than an official proclamation; the tweet was later released as an official "Statement from the President." Beginning in 2012, Google displayed some LGBT-related search results with different rainbow-colored patterns each year during June. In 2017, Google also included rainbow-coloured streets on Google Maps to display Gay Pride marches occurring across
11235-689: Was notably introduced to the region that now encompasses India through Islam, though the totality of homophobic laws was introduced during British colonialsm. Homophobic laws were only introduced to parts of South India and Sri Lanka through colonialism and not Islam. Throughout Hindu and Vedic texts there are many descriptions of saints, demigods, and even the Supreme Lord transcending gender norms and manifesting multiple combinations of sex and gender. There are several instances in ancient Indian epic poetry of same sex depictions and unions by gods and goddesses. There are several stories of depicting love between
11342-463: Was stunned by the upheaval by participants in the Annual Reminder in 1969, he later observed, "By the time of Stonewall, we had fifty to sixty gay groups in the country. A year later there were at least fifteen hundred. By two years later, to the extent that a count could be made, it was twenty-five hundred." Similar to Kameny's regret at his own reaction to the shift in attitudes after the riots, Randy Wicker came to describe his embarrassment as "one of
11449-512: Was the last dynasty to include a chapter on male companions of the emperors in official documents. During these dynasties, the general attitude toward homosexuality was still tolerant, but male lovers were increasingly seen as less legitimate compared to wives and men were usually expected to get married and continue the family line. During the Ming dynasty , it is said that the Zhengde Emperor had
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