The peak Prestahnúkur ( Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈpʰrɛstaˌn̥uːkʏr̥] ) with a height of 1,223 m (4,012 ft), is in the Western Volcanic Zone to the west of the Highlands of Iceland to the west of Langjökull glacier, or to be more specific, to the west of Geitlandsjökull glacier, a part of the Langjökull. The volcano Prestahnúkur includes the terrain under the Geitlandsjökull glacier continuous to the peak and also includes fissure fields to its north and south.
32-469: The central volcano Prestahnúkur consists of a rhyolite tuya that was formed entirely under ice, and has been dated as 89 ± 24 ka , but another dating is about 60 ka. Two vents have been found. At the base of the northern flank is a geothermal area, with the rhyolite and hot springs suggesting that a long-lived magma chamber is or has been present. There has been intermittent seismic activity, mostly in an area about 8 km (5.0 mi) wide centred at
64-433: A single batch of magma over a relatively short time span of less than 20 years. It was for some time a popular exploited construction material, partly for export. But the mine has been closed. The fissure swarm lavas are basaltic olivine tholeiite . The name means "peak of the priests". The origin of the name was an expedition of two priests into the highlands in the 17th century. It was seen as quite an enterprise at
96-474: Is a large island off the southeast side and near the northeastern extremity of the Antarctic Peninsula , from which it is separated by Prince Gustav Channel . Rising to 1,630 metres (5,350 ft), it is irregularly shaped and extends 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) in a north–south direction. James Ross Island is separated from Trinity Peninsula , at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula to
128-402: Is descriptive, this being one of the most active glaciers on the island. 64°24′S 57°41′W / 64.400°S 57.683°W / -64.400; -57.683 . A point formed by a rock cliff surmounted by ice, located 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) east-northeast of Cape Foster. First surveyed by SwedAE, 1901-04, under Otto Nordenskjold. Resurveyed by FIDS in 1948,
160-465: Is similar geologically and in appearance to Terrapin Hill in the northeast portion of the island; hence the application of a related name. 64°23′S 57°22′W / 64.383°S 57.367°W / -64.383; -57.367 . An isolated, steep-sided, flat-topped rock mass, 400 metres (1,300 ft) high, on the southeast extremity of James Ross Island. First seen, roughly surveyed, and given
192-416: Is situated not far from the mountain and it is possible to access the mountain by a bad jeep track and climb it. Central volcano A central volcano is a type of volcano formed by basalts and silica -rich volcanic rocks . They contain very few or no volcanic rocks of intermediate composition , such that they are chemically bimodal . Large silicic eruptions at central volcanoes often result in
224-556: Is unclear and may overlap with that of the Hengill volcanic system. Intraglacial volcanic formations in the fissure swarm include tuyas produced by fissure eruptions through single vents and tindars . Apart from the Hrúðurkarlar tindars which cut obliquely across the swarm, the tindars parallel the fissure swarm at a strike of about 30°. The central volcanoes rhyolite has for Iceland a high silica content of about 77%, and must have come from
256-462: Is under ice just north of the central volcano and is undated, but older. The Ok shield volcano rises to a height of 1,141 m (3,743 ft) to the east-nor-east of the central volcano. To the south-east of the central volcano some of the fissure swarm is now covered by lava from the Skjaldbreiður shield volcano which is in a neighbouring volcanic system. The southern extent of the fissure swarm
288-519: The South Dakota School of Mines & Technology discovered the bones of a theropod dinosaur on the island. Nicknamed "Naze" after the northerly Naze Peninsula on which it was found, the Late Cretaceous remains include an upper jaw and teeth, and most of the lower legs and feet. Little information is available, but the shape of the leg and feet indicate it was a runner. In 2019, it was given
320-645: The Antarctic the ship of the above Swedish expedition. 69°09′S 57°14′W / 69.150°S 57.233°W / -69.150; -57.233 . A glacier, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) long, on the east side of James Ross Island. It flows into Erebus and Terror Gulf just north of Cape Gage. Surveyed by FIDS in 1945 and 1953. Named by UK-APC for John A. Coley of FIDS, meteorological assistant at Hope Bay in 1952 and 1953. 64°10′S 57°05′W / 64.167°S 57.083°W / -64.167; -57.083 . A rocky promontory forming
352-603: The Prince Gustav Channel passable for the first time. Mendel Polar Station , the first Czech Antarctic Base, is located on the island. James Ross Island was charted in October 1903 by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition (SwedAE) under Otto Nordenskiöld , who named it for Sir James Clark Ross , the leader of a British expedition to this area in 1842 that discovered and roughly charted a number of points along
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#1732898999599384-567: The UK-APC in 1987 after Reinhard Förster (1935-87), West German geologist from the University of Munich, who was a member of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) field party to the area, 1985-86. 64°03′S 57°18′W / 64.050°S 57.300°W / -64.050; -57.300 . A high ice-free point 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) west-northwest of Ula Point on
416-416: The central volcano, but as no dyke intrusions have been observed, so it is unproven that the volcano is active. In 2009 geologists in their research of earthquake events in the area showed that volcanic fissures lie in direction southwest-northeast and reach under the glaciers Þórisjökull and Geitlandsjökull - Langjökull . The Prestahnúkur fissure swarm has subsequently been defined as extending both to
448-646: The characteristic color of the exposed rock cliffs. 64°22′30″S 57°46′13″W / 64.375°S 57.7702778°W / -64.375; -57.7702778 A bay entered west of Jefford Point on the south side of James Ross Island. Named by UK Antarctic Place-names Committee (UK-APC) (2006) in association with Swift Glacier which flows southward into the bay. 64°22′S 57°46′W / 64.367°S 57.767°W / -64.367; -57.767 . A steep glacier about 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) long, close west of Jefford Point. Named by UK-APC following FIDS surveys, 1958-61. The name
480-762: The descriptive name "The Watch Tower" by Otto Nordenskjold of the SwedAE in March 1902. 64°23′00″S 57°23′00″W / 64.3833333°S 57.3833333°W / -64.3833333; -57.3833333 . A small glacier flowing south-southeast to Admiralty Sound along the west side of The Watchtower. Named by UK-APC in 1995 after Michael Kingsley Howarth (b. 1932), Deputy Keeper of Paleontology, British Museum (Natural History), 1980-92, and author of Falklands Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) Scientific Report No. 21, Alexander Island. [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of
512-525: The east extremity of James Ross Island and the west side of the north entrance to Admiralty Sound . Discovered by a British expedition 1839-43, under James Clark Ross , who named it for V. Admiral William Hall Gage , a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty. From west to east 64°23′S 58°13′W / 64.383°S 58.217°W / -64.383; -58.217 . A rocky point 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) southeast of Cape Broms, on
544-740: The eastern side of the island. The style, "James" Ross Island is used to avoid confusion with the more widely known Ross Island in McMurdo Sound . Two dinosaur-bearing formations are present on the island, both from the Upper Cretaceous : the Santa Marta Formation and the Snow Hill Island Formation . These are two of only three known formations to have dinosaur fossils in Antarctica. The first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica
576-653: The formation of one or more calderas . Central volcanoes can be stratovolcanoes or shield volcanoes . Central volcanoes undergo periodic eruptions throughout their lifetime, which can span more than a million years. In Iceland, volcanic systems are normally named after an associated central volcano. The largest known glaciovolcanic central volcano on Earth is Mount Haddington , a glacier-covered shield volcano on James Ross Island in Antarctica. James Ross Island James Ross Island ( 64°10′S 57°45′W / 64.167°S 57.750°W / -64.167; -57.750 ( James Ross Island ) )
608-489: The name Imperobator antarcticus . It was large, about the size of Utahraptor . It is the second Antarctic theropod discovered, after Cryolophosaurus . An ornithopod was found in the Snow Hill Island Formation by Argentine paleontologists Rodolfo Aníbal Coria and Juan José Moly in 2008. In 2013, Coria named it Trinisaura santamartaensis . In 2015, an iguanodontid found in 2002 by Fernando Novas
640-608: The north and south of the central volcano with a total length between 40–80 km (25–50 mi) and width up to 20 km (12 mi). To the north the Hallmundarhraun lava flow is believed to have most likely erupted sometime between 782 and 860 CE and extends well beyond Eiríksjökull . The Jökulkrókur lava to its west is between 1800 to 4500 years BP and one of the Geitlandshraun lava flows to its south-east has been dated to 8900 years BP. The other Geitlandshraun lava flow
672-639: The northeast coast of James Ross Island. Surveyed by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) first in 1945, then again in 1953. The UK-APC name is descriptive; when viewed from seaward the feature resembles a skep type beehive. 64°05′S 57°09′W / 64.083°S 57.150°W / -64.083; -57.150 . A low ice-covered point on the northeast coast of James Ross Island, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) northwest of Cape Gage. First seen and roughly surveyed by SwedAE, 1901-04, under Otto Nordenskjold. Resurveyed by FIDS in 1945. Named by UK-APC for Anton Olsen Ula, boatswain on
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#1732898999599704-594: The northwest, by the Prince Gustav Channel . Vega Island is to the north of the island, separated from James Ross Island by the Herbert Sound . Erebus and Terror Gulf is to the northeast. Seymour Island and Snow Hill Island are to the southeast. It is in the James Ross Island group . The island was connected to the Antarctic mainland by an ice shelf until 1995, when the ice shelf collapsed, making
736-619: The records being lost in a fire at Hope Bay, it was surveyed again by FIDS in 1952. Named by UK-APC for Brian Jefford, FIDS surveyor at Hope Bay in 1948, and at Admiralty Bay in 1949. 64°22′00″S 57°35′00″W / 64.3666667°S 57.5833333°W / -64.3666667; -57.5833333 . A ridge, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long, trending north-northwest – south-southeast, midway between Jefford Point and Tortoise Hill, southeast James Ross Island. Named by UK Antarctic Place-names Committee (UK-APC) in 1995 after Simon Andrew Lomas (b. 1965), British Antarctic Survey (BAS) geologist who
768-735: The south side of James Ross Island. Discovered by a British expedition 1839-43, under James Clark Ross , who named it for Captain Henry Foster, RN, leader of a British expedition in the Chanticleer , 1828-31. The cape was mapped by the SwedAE under Nordenskjold, 1901-04. 64°23′S 57°52′W / 64.383°S 57.867°W / -64.383; -57.867 . A prominent round hill 860 metres (2,820 ft) high with distinctive convex slopes, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) inland between Cape Foster and Jefford Point. Named by UK-APC following FIDS surveys, 1958-61. The name records
800-451: The southwest coast of James Ross Island, flowing southwest into Carlsson Bay. Probably first seen by Doctor Otto Nordenskjold in 1903. Surveyed by FIDS in 1945. Named by UK-APC for Murdo F. Tait, FIDS meteorological observer at Hope Bay in 1952 and 1953. 64°27′S 57°59′W / 64.450°S 57.983°W / -64.450; -57.983 . A cape lying 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southeast of Carlsson Bay on
832-642: The southwest side of James Ross Island. First seen and surveyed in 1903 by the SwedAE under Nordenskjold, who named it Cape Nygren after G. Nygren, Swedish chemist who contributed toward the cost of the expedition. It was resurveyed by the FIDS in 1952. Point is considered a more suitable descriptive term for this feature than cape. 64°24′S 58°04′W / 64.400°S 58.067°W / -64.400; -58.067 . A square bay, 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) in extent, entered 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) northwest of Cape Foster on
864-419: The southwest side of James Ross Island. First seen and surveyed in 1903 by the SwedAE under Nordenskjold, who named it for J. Carlsson of Sweden who contributed toward the cost of the expedition. The bay was resurveyed by the FIDS in 1952-53. 64°22′S 58°02′W / 64.367°S 58.033°W / -64.367; -58.033 . A glacier about 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) long on
896-427: The time when they went into this region. They explored especially a valley behind the Þórisjökull called Þórisdalur, which had a bad reputation in sagas and folk stories because it was believed to be haunted by ghosts and that lawless people would be living there. As is clear today, they found nothing of the sort, but they were regarded as heroes when they came back from this expedition. The highland road Kaldadalsvegur
928-868: The west, include: From west to east 64°07′S 57°49′W / 64.117°S 57.817°W / -64.117; -57.817 . A rock crag rising to 905 metres (2,969 ft) high northwest of Mount Haddington . It provides the highest exposure of volcanic rock on the island. Named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1987 after William R. Flett, geologist on Operation Tabarin at Deception Island (Base Leader), 1943-44, and Hope Bay, 1944–45. 64°01′S 57°33′W / 64.017°S 57.550°W / -64.017; -57.550 . Cliffs located east-northeast of Stark Point, running east–west for 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) and rising to 550 metres (1,800 ft) high in northern James Ross Island. Named by
960-669: Was Antarctopelta oliveroi , a medium-sized ankylosaur found on James Ross Island by Argentinian geologists Eduardo Olivero and Roberto Scasso in 1986. The dinosaur was recovered from the Campanian stage of the Upper Cretaceous Santa Marta Formation , about 2 km (1.2 mi) south of Santa Marta Cove on the north part of the island. The ankylosaur was not formally named until 2006. In December 2003, U.S. paleontologist Judd Case from Saint Mary's College of California and U.S. geologist James Martin from
992-484: Was a member of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) field party in the area, 1994-95. 64°22′S 57°30′W / 64.367°S 57.500°W / -64.367; -57.500 . A hill more than 500 metres (1,600 ft) high, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) west of The Watchtower at the southeast corner of James Ross Island. Named by UK-APC following FIDS surveys, 1958-61. The feature
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1024-422: Was named Morrosaurus antarcticus by Sebastian Rozadilla, Federico Lisandro Agnolin, Fernando Emilio Novas, Alexis Rolando Aranciaga Mauro, Matthew J. Motta, Juan Manuel Lirio Marcelo and Pablo Isasi. The genus name refers to the site of El Morro on James Ross Island, where the remains of the species were found. The specific name refers to Antarctica. Download coordinates as: Notable features, clockwise from
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