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43-448: It was founded by Saint Norbert of Xanten in 1120 on waste land that had previously belonged to the Abbey of St. Vincent, Laon , to which it had been given by a former Bishop of Laon ; the monks of St. Vincent's had tried in vain to cultivate it. As shown in the charter of donation the place was called "Præmonstratus" , or "pratum monstratum", probably from a clearing ( pré or meadow) made in

86-532: A community that would be somewhat monastic as far as house ministry. The whole idea was that his active priests needed an ascetic and contemplative haven and that was the purpose of the abbey discipline. Norbert chose a valley in the Forest of Coucy (a grant from Barthélemy de Jur , the Bishop of Laon ), about 10 miles from Laon, named Prémontré . Hugh of Fosses, Evermode of Ratzeburg , Antony of Nivelles, seven students of

129-744: A missionary bishop to the Ruthenians ( Ruthenia ), and Abbot of Weissenburg in Alsace . He was elected in the autumn of 968, received the pallium at Rome, and at the end of the year was solemnly enthroned in Magdeburg. The archdiocesan area of Magdeburg was rather small; it comprised the Slavonic districts of Serimunt, Nudizi , Neletici , Nizizi , and half of northern Thuringia , which Halberstadt resigned. The cathedral school especially gained in importance under Adalbert's efficient administration. The scholastic Othrich

172-537: A number of miracles. In settlement after settlement he encountered a demoralized clergy, lonely, often practicing concubinage and feeling that the official Church cared little about them. In Paris he would have witnessed the Canons of St. Victor , who had adopted the ascetic ideals of William of Champeaux . At Clairvaux and Citeaux he would have seen the Cistercian reforms among the monks. He also became acquainted with

215-782: A perpetual lack of funds, gave some occasion for the spread of Lutheranism in his diocese, although himself opposing the Reformation . It is not true that he became a Lutheran and wished to retain his see as a secular principality, and just as untrue that in the Kalbe Parliament in 1541 he consented to the introduction of the Reformation in order to have his debts paid. His successors were the zealous Catholics John Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1545–1550), who however could accomplish very little, and Frederick IV of Brandenburg , who died in 1552. Administrators who were secular princes now took

258-447: A state of worldliness. He declined higher religious roles because he didn't want the restraints that came with the positions. He later underwent a profound conversion after he was thrown from a horse when a bolt of lightning frightened the animal. Following this incident, he went to Xanten and pursued a devout, penitent life. He adopted such strict discipline that it killed his first three disciples. This may be why he failed to reform

301-505: A transfer. The estates belonging to the convent founded in 937 were converted into a mense for the new archbishopric, and the monks transferred to the Berge Convent. The abbey church became the Cathedral of St. Maurice . Its ecclesiastical province included the existing dioceses of Brandenburg and Havelberg and the newly founded dioceses of Merseburg , Zeitz , and Meißen . ( Lebus

344-477: A wealthy glass manufacturer in the early 1790s. Having passed through several hands, the property was bought by Paul-Armand de Cardon de Garsignies, Bishop of Soissons , whose successor sold it to the Département of Aisne, by whom the buildings were converted into an asylum or psychiatric hospital . Of the old abbey as it was from the 12th to the 16th centuries hardly anything remains, but three large buildings of

387-736: Is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church located in the German states of Saxony-Anhalt (bulk), Brandenburg and Saxony (smaller fringes each). The town was one of the oldest emporia of the German trade for the Wends who dwelt on the right bank of the Elbe. In 805 it is first mentioned in history. In 806 Charlemagne built a fortress on the eastern bank of the river opposite Magdeburg. The oldest church

430-470: Is also credited to this time. Magdeburg first played an important part in the history of Germany during the reign of Otto the Great (936-73). In 929 King Otto I granted the city to his English-born wife Edith as dower. She had a particular love for the town and often lived there. The emperor also continually returned to it. In September 937, Otto and his wife founded a Benedictine monastery at Magdeburg, which

473-877: The Apostolic Vicariate of the Northern Missions between 1670 and 1709, and again from 1780 to 1821. Between 1709 and 1780 the Apostolic Vicariate of Upper and Lower Saxony was the competent Catholic jurisdiction. In 1821, the area was transferred in Catholic respect to the Diocese of Paderborn . In 1994, the Diocese of Magdeburg was founded in the area. 1180: Gained Imperial immediacy on breakup of duchy of Saxony 1480: Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt administered by archbishops of Magdeburg 1566: Archdiocese ruled by Lutheran administrators 1680: Prince-Archbishopric secularised to duchy The archbishop of Magdeburg

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516-551: The Conversion of Saint Paul . At the conclusion of the Council of Liège (1131), Pope Innocent II and Norbert came to Laon and stayed with Bishop Bartholomew. They also visited Prémontré Abbey and were delighted to see some five hundred religious – priests, clerics, and lay-brothers – all united in the observance of their duties under Abbot Hugh of Fosse. It was the original Premonstratensian custom to establish double monasteries , but in

559-533: The Court of Rome that he succeeded in being named commendatory abbot of Prémontré, and in 1535 took possession of the abbey and all its revenues. Cardinal Francis was succeeded by Cardinal Ippolito d'Este , the papal legate in France, who also held the abbey in commendam until he died in 1572. The historian of the abbey Charles Taiée calls these two cardinals "les fléaux de Prémontré" ("the scourges of Prémontré"). After

602-561: The Diocese of Laon in France. On Christmas Day, 1120, Norbert established the Canons Regular of Prémontré . For a Rule of life, Norbert chose the Rule of St. Augustine as was common among communities of priests -‘canons’. In addition he adapted some of the customs of the Cistercians. Even more of these would be brought in later by Norbert's successor, Abbot Hugh of Fosse. In effect he produced

645-619: The Saalkreis including Halle upon Saale , Oebisfelde and environs as well as Jüterbog and environs. The prince-archbishopric maintained its statehood as an elective monarchy until 1680. Then the Brandenburg-Prussia the prince-archbishopric of Magdeburg. After being secularised , the state was transformed into the Duchy of Magdeburg , a hereditary monarchy in personal union with Brandenburg. The 1994-founded modern Diocese of Magdeburg

688-591: The eastern marches . Among successors worthy of mention are the zealous Gero (1012–23) and St. Norbert , prominent in the 12th century (1126–34), the founder of the Premonstratensian order. Archbishop Wichmann (1152–92) was more important as a sovereign and prince of the Holy Roman Empire than as a bishop. Wichmann sided with the emperor in the Great Saxon Revolt and was rewarded by recognising

731-547: The schism following the election of Pope Innocent II in 1130, Norbert supported Innocent and resisted Antipope Anacletus II . In Norbert's last years, he was chancellor and adviser to Lothair II, the Holy Roman Emperor, persuading him to lead an army in 1133 to Rome to restore Innocent to the papacy. When Norbert died in Magdeburg on 6 June 1134, both the canons at the cathedral and the canons at St. Mary's Abbey claimed

774-568: The "Apostle of Antwerp". In 1126 Pope Honorius II appointed Norbert to the Archbishopric of Magdeburg , where he put into practice the precepts he instituted at Prémontré. Several assassination attempts were made as he began to reform the lax discipline of his see. He was instrumental in protecting the Church's rights against the secular power during the Investiture Controversy . In

817-688: The 17th and 18th centuries are still standing, part of one of which is used as a church, dedicated to Saint Norbert. Most of the site is still in use as the psychiatric hospital founded in 1867. [1] [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " Abbey of Prémontré ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. 49°32′50″N 3°24′38″E  /  49.54722°N 3.41056°E  / 49.54722; 3.41056 Norbert of Xanten Norbert of Xanten , O. Praem (c. 1075 – 6 June 1134) (Gennep-Magdeburg), also known as Norbert Gennep ,

860-565: The Archbishopric of Magdeburg fell to August, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels . In the Treaty of Westphalia (1648), the expectancy to the archbishopric was promised to Brandenburg-Prussia upon the death of August. When the Saxon prince died in 1680, the archbishopric was secularised by Brandenburg and transformed into the Duchy of Magdeburg . The remaining Catholics in the area were under the jurisdiction of

903-566: The Cistercian administrative system that created an international federation of monasteries with fair amount of centralized power, though local houses had a certain amount of independence. These reforms, written up in their “Charter of Charity” would affect him significantly in his own future work. At the Council of Reims in October 1119, Pope Calixtus II requested Norbert to found a religious order in

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946-534: The Lutheran Sigismund of Brandenburg came of age and ascended to the see. All his successors were only administrators of the prince-archbishopric and Lutheran too, except the Catholic cleric Leopold William of Austria (1631–1635). In ecclesiastical respect the remaining Catholics and their parishes and abbeys in the former archdiocese were put under supervision of the Archdiocese of Cologne in 1648 and under

989-531: The Premonstratensian order. Archbishopric of Magdeburg The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was a Latin Catholic archdiocese (969–1552) and Prince-Archbishopric (1180–1680) of the Holy Roman Empire centered on the city of Magdeburg on the Elbe River. Planned since 955 and established in 967, the archdiocese had de facto turned void since 1557, when the last papally confirmed prince-archbishop,

1032-620: The United Kingdom, South America, Zaire, South Africa, India and Australia are involved in education, parochial ministry, university chaplaincy also youth work. St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wisconsin , is the first institution of higher education to be founded by the Norbertine order . St. Norbert College also houses the Center for Norbertine Studies, a collaborative partnership between the college and

1075-498: The archepiscopal and the cathedral capitular temporalities as a state of imperial immediacy within the Holy Roman Empire, thus Wichmann was the first to add the title secular prince to his ecclesiastical archbishop. Albrecht II (1205–32) quarrelled with Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg (1198–1215), because he had pronounced the pope's ban against the latter and this war greatly damaged the archbishopric. In 1208 he began to build

1118-605: The body. The two parties resorted to Lothair III who decreed the body should be buried in the Norbertine Abbey. In 1524, Martin Luther preached in the city and, as a result, Magdeburg became a Protestant city. Numerous attempts were made over the centuries by the Abbey of Strahov in Prague to retrieve Norbert's body. Only after several military defeats at the hand of Emperor Ferdinand II

1161-457: The canons of Xanten , who denounced him as an innovator at the Council of Fritzlar in 1118. He then resigned his benefice, sold all his property and gave the proceeds to the poor. He visited Pope Gelasius II , who gave him permission to become an itinerant preacher and he preached throughout lands in what is now western Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and northern France, being credited with

1204-507: The celebrated school of Anselm , and Ralph of Laon were among his first thirteen disciples. By the next year the community had grown to 40. They all took their vows and the Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré was founded. The young community at first lived in huts of wood and clay, arranged like a camp around the chapel of Saint John the Baptist , but they soon built a larger church and a monastery for

1247-467: The death of Cardinal d'Este a free election was held and Jean Des Pruets, Doctor of the Sorbonne , an earnest and zealous priest, was elected, and his election confirmed by Pope Gregory XIII , 14 December 1572. With great ability Des Pruets undertook the difficult task of repairing the financial losses and of promoting conventual discipline at Prémontré and other houses of the order. He died on 15 May 1596, and

1290-459: The forest. The name, however, easily lent itself to the adapted meaning of "locus praemonstratus" , "a place foreshown", as for example in the life of Godfrey of Cappenberg, one of Norbert's first disciples (1127): The founding tradition says that the Bishop of Laon and Norbert visited Prémontré about the middle of January and that the bishop gave the white habit to Norbert on 25 January, the feast of

1333-576: The general chapter of 1141 it was decided to remove the convents of nuns to at least one league's distance from the abbeys of men. Hugh died on 10 February 1161, and was succeeded by Philip, then Abbot of Belval in the Forest of Argonne . Abbot John II founded in 1252 a college or house of studies for Norbertine clerics at the University of Paris . At the death of Virgilius, forty-third Abbot General of Prémontré, Cardinal Francis of Pisa had intrigued so much at

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1376-602: The jurisdiction of the Apostolic Vicariate of the Northern Missions in 1670. In political respect the Erzstift , the archiepiscopal and capitular temporalities , had gained imperial immediacy as a prince-archbishopric in 1180. Its territory comprised only some parts of the archdiocesan area, such as the city of Magdeburg, the bulk of the Magdeburg Börde , and the Jerichow Land as an integral whole and exclaves in parts of

1419-543: The new order, but Norbert counseled him to remain a layman and marry. Norbert prescribed a few rules and invested Theobald with the white scapular of the order, and thus, in 1122, the Third Order of St. Norbert was instituted. He continued to preach throughout France, Belgium and Germany and was successful in combatting a eucharistic heresy in Antwerp proposed by one Tanchelm . In commemoration of this, Norbert has been proclaimed

1462-634: The place of the archbishop, and they, as well as the majority of the cathedral chapter and the inhabitants of the archdiocese, were usually Protestant. They belonged to the Hohenzollern House of Brandenburg , which had adopted Calvinism in 1613. Christian William was taken prisoner in 1631 after the sack of Magdeburg , and went over to the Catholic Church in Vienna . At the time of the Peace of Prague (1635) ,

1505-578: The present Cathedral of Magdeburg , which was only consecrated in 1263, and never entirely finished; Günther I (1277–79) hardly escaped a serious war with the Margrave Otto IV , who was incensed because his brother Eric of Brandenburg had not been elected archbishop. The Brandenburgers succeeded in forcing Günther I and Bernard III (1279–1281) to resign and in making Eric archbishop (1283–1295). Cardinal Albert of Brandenburg (1513–45), on account of his insecure position, as well as being crippled by

1548-735: The religious who joined them in increasing numbers. Going to Cologne to obtain relics for their church, Norbert is said to have discovered, through a dream, the spot where those of Ursula and her companions, of Gereon , and of other martyrs lay hidden. In 1125/6, the constitution for the order was approved by Pope Honorius II . Norbert gained adherents in Germany, France, Belgium and Hungary, and houses of his order were founded in Floreffe, Viviers, St-Josse, Ardenne, Cuissy, Laon, Liège, Antwerp, Varlar, Kappenberg, Nagyvárad ( Oradea / Großwardein ) and elsewhere. Count Theobald II of Champagne wanted to enter

1591-463: The stabilisation through Christianisation of the eastern territories. He wished to transfer the capital of the diocese from Halberstadt to Magdeburg, and make it an archdiocese. But this was strenuously opposed by the Archbishop of Mainz , who was the metropolitan of Halberstadt. When, in 962, Pope John XII sanctioned the establishment of an archbishopric, Otto seemed to have abandoned his plan of

1634-527: Was Archbishop of Magdeburg , founder of the Premonstratensian order of canons regular , and is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church . Norbert was canonized by Pope Gregory XIII in the year 1582, and his statue appears above the Piazza colonnade of St. Peter's Square in Rome. St. Norbert pursued worldly pleasures in the early part of his life. Even after he was ordained a subdeacon, he continued to live in

1677-465: Was added in 1424.) The new archdiocese was close to the unsecured border regions of the Holy Roman Empire and Slavic tribes, and was meant to promote Christianity among the many Slavs and others. On 20 April 967, the archbishopric was solemnly established at the Synod of Ravenna in the presence of the pope and the emperor. The first archbishop was Adelbert, a former monk of St. Maximin's at Trier, afterwards

1720-519: Was considered the most learned man of his times. Many eminent men were educated at Magdeburg. Othrich was chosen archbishop after Adalbert's death (981). Gisiler of Merseburg obtained possession of the See of Magdeburg by bribery and fraud. Upon his death in 1004, there followed a brief conflict between King Henry II and the cathedral canons before Tagino was installed as archbishop. Tagino and his suffragans were relied upon heavily for military service in

1763-755: Was dedicated to Sts. Peter, Maurice, and the Holy Innocents. The first abbots and monks came from St. Maximin's Abbey, Trier . After the wars of the years 940 and 954, the Polabian Slavs as far as the Oder , had been brought into subjection to German rule. However, the Magyars had advanced so far into Germany, that Augsburg was threatened. At the Battle of Lechfeld in 955 they were defeated and repelled. Otto immediately set to work to establish an archbishopric in Magdeburg, for

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1806-527: Was succeeded by two further zealous abbots, Longpré and Gosset; but the latter was succeeded by Cardinal Richelieu , as commendatory abbot. The last abbot general, L'Ecuy, was elected in 1781. At the French Revolution the abbey was suppressed and confiscated, and the site sold to a certain Cagnon, who demolished several buildings and sold the material. It was converted into a potassium and saltpetre factory by

1849-500: Was the abbot of Strahov able to claim the body. On 2 May 1627 the body was finally brought to Prague where it remains to this day, displayed as an auto-icon in a glass-fronted tomb. Norbert was canonized by Pope Gregory XIII in the year 1582, and his statue appears above the Piazza colonnade of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Premonstratensian (or Norbertine) Canons in Europe, the US, Canada,

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