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41-672: Prads-Haute-Bléone ( French pronunciation: [pʁats ot bleɔn] ; Prats Auta Blèuna in Vivaro-Alpine ) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department and in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. The people of Prads-Haute-Bléone are called Pradins. The neighboring communes of Prads-Haute-Bléone are Méolans-Revel , Allos , Villars-Colmars , Thorame-Basse , Draix , La Javie , Beaujeu and Verdaches . The village lies on

82-527: A Cour colongère  [ fr ] . The two communities of Chanolles and Champourcin which had eight feus each count of 1315, were heavily depopulated by the crises of the 14th century (the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War ), and were annexed by Blegiers in the 15th century. Champourcin and Chanolles churches were of the chapter of Digne. The death of Queen Jeanne I opened a succession crisis in

123-465: A primary education to boys. No instruction was given to girls, nor under the Falloux Laws of 1851, which required the opening of a girls school in the communes with more than 800 inhabitants, nor did the first Duruy Law (1867), which lowered the threshold to 500 inhabitants, concern Blegiers. The commune took advantage of subsidies from the second Duruy Law (1877) to build new schools everywhere. Only

164-462: A flow was triggered resulting in a blackish marl-limestone detrital mass and marl-shale colluvium . If the distance travelled by the flow is reduced (700 m), it carries large blocks and upon arrival, the materials and the largest blocks are very close to the hamlet the entire flow remaining in an unstable state. The name of the village, as it appears for the first time the 9th century ( Colonia in Prato )

205-474: A high tone in some languages is that the listener is immediately being alerted to the fact that they are being asked a question. Vivaro-Alpine is an endangered language. There are approximately 200,000 native speakers of the language worldwide. Transmission of the language is very low. Speakers of Vivaro-Alpine typically also speak either French or Italian. Medvedev%E2%80%93Sponheuer%E2%80%93Karnik scale The Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale , also known as

246-513: A meter) limestone and shale marl. The commune is crossed by the Bléone and Galabre . The commune has 7,500 hectares (19,000 acres) of woods and forests, or 45% of its area. With respect to seismic activity , the area of Prads-Haute-Bléone is in zone 4 (medium risk) according to the probabilistic classification EC8 of 2011. The municipality of Prads-Haute-Bléone is also exposed to three other natural hazards: The municipality of Prads-Haute-Bléone

287-408: A zone of talus), in l'Adret and located beneath the summit of Belle Valette. In the autumn of 1967, already marked by heavy rains, the cracks in the ground expanded. During the winter of 1967–1968, the successions of freeze-thaw lubricated the sliding surfaces. The rainy spring only aggravated the instability of the land. During the autumn 1968 rains, more than a year after the start of the sequence,

328-410: Is classified as an Indo-European, Italic, Romance, or Western-Romance language. Vivaro-Alpine shares the palatization of consonants k and g in front of a with the other varieties of North Occitan (Limosino, Alverniate), in particular with words such as chantar ("cantare," to sing) and jai ("ghiandaia," jay). Southern Occitan has, respectively, cantar and gai. Its principal characteristic

369-539: Is derived from the Latin pratum (pré). The plural is recent. The Bléone name means Wolf River . Mariaud appears in the texts at the beginning of the 13th century, but in the form of Mariano : According to Ernest Nègre , the place name derived from the proper Roman name of Marianus , which has evolved from Mariaudo (1319), by attraction to the Provençal local maridado , meaning wedding. Other hypotheses exist. Blegiers

410-524: Is exposed to any of the risks of technological origin identified by the prefecture. The predictable natural risk prevention plan  [ fr ] (PPR) of the municipality was approved in 1993 for the risk of land movement; the DICRIM  [ fr ] does not exist. The commune was the subject to an avalanche, in 2009. In July 2005, the municipality also had significant mudslides after heavy rains. The following list includes earthquakes felt strongly in

451-508: Is mentioned for the first time in charters in the second decade of the 12th century, in the form de Bligerio , derived from the Germanic name Blidegar , possibly Latinized as Blidegarius . Chanolles , cited in 1122 ( Canola ), comes from the Pre-Celtic oronym (mountain toponym) *Kan- . The name of the summit of Chappe at 1,667 metres (5,469 ft), bordering on Beaujeu , is maintained in

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492-723: Is now a de facto standard for evaluation of seismic intensity in European countries. MSK-64 is still being used in India , Israel , Russia , and throughout the Commonwealth of Independent States . The Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale is somewhat similar to the Modified Mercalli (MM) scale used in the United States. The MSK scale has 12 intensity degrees expressed in Roman numerals (to prevent

533-628: Is only since the Ferry Laws that Prads girls have attended school regularly. In the Middle Ages , during the 12th century, the village of Blégiers ( Bligerium ) moved to the Roche-de-Blégiers, on a hilltop site. The community had a consulate in the 13th century. Its population increased from 81 feus in 1315, with another 14 in 1471. At this time, it was still part of the Chapter of Digne that owned

574-536: Is the dropping of simple Latin dental intervocalics: The verbal ending of the first person is - o (like in Italian, Catalan, Castilian, and Portuguese, but also in Piemontese, which is neighboring): parlo for parli or parle ("io parlo"), parlavo for parlavi or parlave ("io parlavo"), parlèro for parlèri or parlère ("io ho parlato, io parlavo"). A common trait is the rhotacism of l (shift from l to r): In

615-587: The Comté de Provence  [ fr ] , the towns of the Union of Aix (1382-1387), supported Charles, Duke of Durazzo against Louis I, Duke of Anjou . The Lord of Chanolles, Louis le Roux, supported the Duke of Anjou as early as April 1382, this support was conditional on the participation of the Duke in the relief expedition to the Queen. The Lord of Blegiers, Louis Aymes, appears in

656-651: The Dauphiné area has also led to the use of dauphinois or dauphinois alpin to name it. Along with Ronjat and Bec, it is now clearly recognized as a dialect of its own. The UNESCO Atlas of World's languages in danger uses the Alpine Provençal name, and considers it as seriously endangered. Glottolog recognizes the Gardiòl variety of the dialect as a distinct language within the Occitanic language family. Vivaro-Alpine

697-460: The MSK or MSK-64 , is a macroseismic intensity scale used to evaluate the severity of ground shaking on the basis of observed effects in an area where an earthquake transpires. The scale was first proposed by Sergei Medvedev ( USSR ), Wilhelm Sponheuer ( East Germany ), and Vít Kárník ( Czechoslovakia ) in 1964. It was based on the experiences being available in the early 1960s from the application of

738-780: The Modified Mercalli intensity scale and the 1953 version of the Medvedev scale, known also as the GEOFIAN scale. With minor modifications in the mid-1970s and early 1980s, the MSK scale became widely used in Europe and the USSR . In early 1990s, the European Seismological Commission (ESC) used many of the principles formulated in the MSK in the development of the European macroseismic scale , which

779-689: The Tête de l'Estrop at 2,961 metres (9,715 ft) in the Massif des Trois-Évêchés at the border with Méolans-Revel. This is also the highest summit of the Provence Alps and Prealps . It is common with the type of high valleys of the Southern Alps, enjoying a climate which is very sunny, cold, dry, and with a snow line at approximately 1,800 metres (5,900 ft). During the two last major glaciations, Riss glaciation and Würm glaciation , major glaciers occupied

820-473: The 20th century. In 2013, a new artisanal sawmill was created in the village of Blegiers. At the end of 2015, the tertiary sector (shops, transport, services) had eight institutions (one salaried employee), in addition to seven institutions in the administrative sector (together with the health and social sector and education), with six people employed. According to the Observatoire départemental du tourisme ,

861-533: The Blegiers school was renovated. It is only with the Ferry Laws that girls became educated regularly. While the settlement was isolated, polyculture allowed most of the needs to be met. Wine was produced locally, but had a poor reputation. A polyculture, the highest in the Bléone Valley, was abandoned before World War I . The decline of self-sufficient polyculture continued after World War II, and harvesting wheat

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902-518: The authority of the college Saint-Martial in Avignon . The abbey was eventually looted, ransacked and abandoned during the French Wars of Religion . The tithes were levied by the Chapter of Digne . In 1843, the priest of the parish, Paul Charpenel, writes the annals of the parish of Prads, not published to date. One of the municipal measures from this period is the construction of a public fountain in

943-554: The commune (52%). At the end of 2015, the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, fishing) had 14 active institutions within the meaning of Insee (including non-professional operators and self-employment). The number of professional farms, according to the Agreste survey of the Ministry of Agriculture, is nine in 2010. It was 11 in 2000, and 18 in 1988. Currently, these operators are divided into sheep and vegetable farmers. From 1988 to 2000,

984-525: The conservation and the animation of the economic and social fabric in rural areas by maintaining a place in village life" . There is also a centre for excursions and hikes. In ancient times , Bodiontiques ( Bodiontici ) lived in the Valley of the Bléone , and were therefore the Gallic people who lived in the valleys of the current commune of Prads-Haute-Bléone. The Bodiontiques, who were defeated by Augustus at

1025-577: The department, Prads acquired schools well before the Jules Ferry laws : in 1863, it had three, located in Prads, la Favière and Tercier. These schools provided a primary education to boys. While the Falloux Laws of 1851, required the opening of a girls school in communes with more than 800 inhabitants, Prads maintained a girls school in the 1860s, but that school closed before the end of the Second Empire . It

1066-543: The dialects of the Alps, Vivaro-Alpine maintained the pronunciation of the r of the infinitive verbs (excepting modern Occitan). An estimated 70% of languages are estimated to have "interrogative intonation contours which end with rising pitch." However, Vivaro Alpine follows the opposite pattern with yes/no questions—an initial high tone followed by a fall. Questions that end in a rising pitch are so common that they are often considered "natural." One reason that questions begin with

1107-656: The domain and the Church of the Roche-de-Blégiers, before selling these in 1476 to the Bishop of Digne  [ fr ] . From that date, it was the Bishop who appointed the responsible chaplain of the souls of this parish, and who collects revenues attached to this church. Chanolles was reported as early as 814: The Polyptych of Wadalde indicated that the Abbey of Saint Victor in Marseille had

1148-464: The existence of an optical telegraph relay, known as Télégraphe Chappe  [ fr ] . The name of the locality of la Favière evokes a planted field of beans ( fèves  [ fr ] ); that of Combes designates a ravine (similar to combe ), downstream of the village of Prads. In 2017, the active population amounted to 69 people, including 10 unemployed. These workers are in majority employees (68%), and are in majority employed outside

1189-590: The junction of the dioceses of Digne , Senez , and Embrun . The Abbey of Cistercian monks of Notre-Dame de Faillefeu (or meadows: the Abbot was called "the Abbot of the meadows") was founded in 1144 by the monks of Boscodon  [ fr ] . They founded the Abbey of Valbonne  [ fr ] on 3 February 1199 (the date of the Charter of Foundation). In 1298, it belongs to the Cluny Abbey , and then passes under

1230-576: The lists of support to the Angevins in 1385, after the death of Louis I. In 1765, Blégiers had 257 inhabitants. The lordship of the place had belonged successively to the Grimaldi (14th century), Puget and Eissautier families. As Prads, Blégiers acquired schools well before the Jules Ferry laws : In 1863, it had four installed in Blégiers and the villages of Heyres, Chanolles and Chavailles. These schools provided

1271-400: The right bank of the Bléone , which has its source in the northeastern part of the commune and flows southwest through the middle of the commune. The municipality of Prads-Haute-Bléone extends over 16,500 hectares (41,000 acres). It is composed of nine hamlets ranging in elevation from 800 to 1,450 metres. The main settlement of Prads is at 1,048 metres (3,438 ft), and the highest peak is

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1312-652: The same time as other peoples present on the Trophy of the Alps (before 14 BC) are attached to the Roman province of Alpes Maritimae at its inception. The communities of Blegiers, Champourcin, Chanolles, Chavailles, Mariaud and Prads were all of the Bailli of Digne . The locality of Prads appears for the first time in charters in the High Middle Ages , as Prato , dependent upon the Abbey of Saint Victor in Marseille . It stood at

1353-732: The southern entrance to the town (Champourcin, Chanolles, Blegiers) are situated in limestone mountains of the Jurassic period. Further upstream and to left bank of the Bléone , the Carton and the Chau ridges are more recent limestone formations of the Upper Cretaceous . In front of these formations at the right bank, the Galabre ridge which separates the Bléone Valley is composed of Bathonian limestone. This has beds of marl , alternating with shallow (less than

1394-599: The succession of Jeanne I , the Lord of Mariaud, Gui de Saint-Marcial, supported Louis as the Duke of Anjou from the spring of 1382. It had 195 inhabitants in 1765. As Prads and Blégiers, Mariaud acquired a school well before the Jules Ferry laws, for the hamlet of Vière. Also as with Blégiers and Prads, no instruction was given to girls by the Falloux Laws of 1851, and nor did the first Duruy Laws of 1867 apply to Mariaud. Again, it

1435-531: The tourist function is very important for the municipality, with more than five tourists accommodated per capita, despite a low capacity of accommodation for tourist purposes: Secondary residences complement the capacity: with a number of 212, they represent 65% of dwellings. The bistro at the Trois Évêchés, which carries the Bistrot de Pays  [ fr ] brand, adheres to a charter which aims to "contribute to

1476-475: The town. They exceed a macro-seismic intensity level V on the MSK scale (sleepers awake, falling objects). The specified intensities are those felt in the town, the intensity can be stronger at the epicentre : On 5 and 6 November 1968, Prads had one of the first landslides of magnitude which was studied in detail by geomorphologists. It was produced in the Ravin de la Frache (an Occitan term that precisely refers to

1517-604: The usable agricultural land (SAU) had significantly increased, from 943 hectares (2,330 acres) to 1,426 hectares (3,520 acres). The SAU has dropped during the last decade, to 589 hectares (1,460 acres). At the end of 2015, the secondary sector (industry and construction) had 8 establishments, employing one worker. The hydroelectric power plant of Chanolles used the waters of the Bléone . The turbine had an output of 210 kW . Formerly, hydropower sawmills were installed in Champourcin, Blegiers and Prads. They all ceased operation in

1558-522: The valleys of the commune. A first glacier, reduced, occupied the top of the Valley of the Galebre (formerly commune of Mariaud). A great glacier flowed into the Bléone Valley; It received tributaries from the glacier valleys of the ravine of Bussing, Riou and the ravine of Jet des Eaux and Riou de l’Aune. The Riss glacier descended to Blegiers; the Würm glaciation was less thick and stopped below Heyre. The valleys of

1599-627: The village, under the Second Republic , in 1850. The coup d'état of 2 December 1851 by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte against the Second Republic caused an armed uprising in the Basses-Alpes, in defense of the constitution. After the failure of the uprising, severe repression descended on those who stood up to defend the Republic, which included an inhabitant of Prads. As with many municipalities of

1640-499: Was stopped in 1958. The community of Mariaud appears in texts in 1218 ( Mariaudum ). With a consul from 1237, it had 50 feus in 1315, but only 10 by 1471. The Church of Mariaud reported to the Abbey of Saint-Ruf  [ fr ] in Valence , but it was the Prior of Beaujeu , who collected the tithe . In the conflict between Charles, Duke of Durazzo and Louis I, Duke of Anjou in

1681-546: Was with the Ferry Laws that Mariaud girls became educated regularly. In 1939, after displacement of the village, the main settlement became Vière at Saume Longue. During the French Revolution , the communes of Blegiers and Prads each had a patriotic society, both created after the end of 1792. Vivaro-Alpine dialect Vivaro-Alpine had been considered as a sub-dialect of Provençal , and named provençal alpin (Alpine Provençal) or Northern Provençal. Its use in

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