Executive:
60-519: Federal Parliament : Judiciary: The Provincial Assembly ( Nepali : प्रदेश सभा ; Pradesh Sabha ) is the unicameral legislative assembly for a federal province of Nepal . According to Article 176 of the Constitution of Nepal 2015 , following the dissolution of the provincial assembly all the members forming the Provincial Assembly are elected. The term for the Provincial Assembly
120-588: A "dishonour to the people's mandate"; he also expressed concern that having Koirala as president could cause the development of a separate power center from the government, in addition to noting Koirala's advanced age and health problems. Prachanda said that the President should come from a smaller party rather than from the Nepali Congress or the CPN (UML). Koirala said on 15 June that he would not "run around pleading" for
180-476: A 33% reservation for women in all public offices including the federal parliament. On 16 March 2018, Dr. Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe was elected as the deputy speaker of the house. Women's representation in the parliament has increased since the Constituent Assembly , which eventually guaranteed provisions for women's representation on the constitution. Both houses of the federal parliament currently meet at
240-474: A brief press conference at Narayanhiti, stating his acceptance of the republic and promising cooperation. He also said that he intended to stay in Nepal, asserted that he held no property outside of Nepal, and expressed his hope that he would be allowed to keep his property. He left Narayanhiti on the same evening and went to his new residence at Nagarjuna. Shortly after another meeting between Prachanda and Koirala,
300-418: A fully proportional election system. However, an absolute majority could not be achieved because the then largest party in the parliament, Nepali Congress , vehemently opposed the idea. Later, the problem was resolved when all of the parties agreed to an election where 60% of the elected seats would be allocated by the proportional system, and the remaining 40% by the direct system of election. On 15 December,
360-399: A new constitution due to differences over restructuring the state. The second Nepalese Constituent Assembly was converted into a legislative parliament of Nepal after the promulgation of the constitution on 20 September 2015. The second Nepalese Constituent Assembly was formed after the failure of the first Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution. The Legislature Parliament of Nepal
420-537: A new constitution was touted as the cornerstone of a 2006 peace deal struck with the Maoists-rebels, ending the Nepali Civil War in 2006 that forced Nepal's king Gyanendra to cede power, which he had seized in the year 2005. The election held great symbolic value for many in the impoverished Himalayan nation, where 60% of the 27 million people are under age 35 and many voted for the first time. The Maoists left
480-558: A polling station in Galkot and then set fire to it; 15 attackers were said to have been arrested. The Maoist leadership said that it was investigating this and that it was not trying to interfere with the election or disrupt it. In Chitwan district, "scuffles among party representatives" led to the suspension of voting at three polling stations. In Janukpur , a candidate was fired upon but was not injured; in Sarlahi district, an independent candidate
540-569: A proportionate electoral system, 240 members through election in constituencies and 17 on recommendation by the Council of Ministers. The first delay for holding the assembly occurred due to the lack of preparation on behalf of the Election Commission as well as the seven parties that were at the helm of the government. The second delay, on 5 October 2007, occurred because the Maoists demanded that
600-489: A republic be declared before the election and that a fully proportional system be used in the election instead of a mixed system. A compromise was agreed to on 4 November: the election would use a fully proportional system, but the republic would only be declared immediately after the Constituent Assembly election. On 4 November, most parties in the interim parliament voted in favour of a Maoist proposal calling for
660-542: A simple majority vote in the Constituent Assembly. Addressing a rally in Gorkha district on 1 June, Prachanda gave Koirala an ultimatum to present his resignation to the Constituent Assembly within two or three days, warning that if he failed to do so, the Maoist members of the government would resign and the party would lead street protests. After Gyanendra requested that the government make arrangements for his residence on 1 June,
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#1732890720321720-400: A simple majority vote of the Constituent Assembly.< Despite the Maoist desire to have a neutral figure as president, the Nepali Congress proposed Koirala for the position. The Constituent Assembly held its second sitting on 5 June; due to the three major parties' deadlock, this sitting was very brief, lasting less than a half-hour, and took no major decisions. On 11 June, Gyanendra gave
780-511: Is entitled to lead the government. Communist Party of Nepal (United) list MP Sunil Babu Pant is the first openly gay MP elected in Nepal. The official and final list of members elected under the PR system was released on 8 May 2008; this meant the first meeting of the CA (which has to be held within 21 days of the publication of the final result) would be held before the end of May 2008. On 12 May 2008, it
840-431: Is five years, except when dissolved earlier. Candidates for each constituency are chosen by the political parties or stand as independents. Each constituency elects one member under the first-past-the-post system of election. Since Nepal uses a parallel voting system, voters cast another ballot to elect members through the party-list proportional representation . The current constitution specifies that 60 percent of
900-555: Is the bicameral federal and supreme legislature of Nepal established in 2018. It consists of the National Assembly and the House of Representatives as parallel houses. The former Parliament of Nepal was dissolved by King Gyanendra in 2002, on the grounds that it was incapable of handling the Maoist rebels. The country's five main political parties had staged protests against
960-806: The International Convention Centre in New Baneshwor, Kathmandu. A new parliament building is being constructed in the premises of the Singha Durbar complex, which houses most government offices. 2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election Girija Prasad Koirala Congress Pushpa Kamal Dahal CPN (Maoist) Executive: Federal Parliament : Judiciary: Constituent Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 10 April 2008, having been postponed from earlier dates of 7 June 2007 and 22 November 2007. The Constituent Assembly
1020-652: The Nepalese Armed Forces . The office was created in May 2008 after the country was declared as a republic. The first President of Nepal was Ram Baran Yadav . The current president is Ram Chandra Poudel . He is the third president of the country. The House of Representatives ( प्रतिनिधि सभा , Pratinidhi Sabha ) has 275 members. 165 members are elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting and 110 elected through proportional electoral system where voters vote for political parties, considering
1080-654: The United Madhesi Democratic Front ( Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum , Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party , Sadbhavana Party ) did so, as well as some others (including the Anandisingh Devi -led NSP(A), Nepal Samyabadi Dal , Rastriya Janashakti Party – who had stated they would boycott the election unless the Madhesi issue was resolved –, Nawa Janabadi Morcha , Nepali Rastriya Janabhavana Party , Rastriya Bikas Party and Rastrabadi Yuba Morcha ). Shortly before
1140-434: The CPN (M) appearing to have won the election, Prachanda pledged that the party would work together with other parties in crafting the new constitution, and he assured the international community, particularly India and China, that the party wanted good relations and cooperation. He also said that the party had expressed its commitment to multi-party democracy through the election and that it would be faithful to its mandate from
1200-486: The CPN (M) ministers announced their resignations and sent a joint resignation letter to Prachanda on 12 June. According to the CPN (M) Minister for Local Development, Dev Gurung , the purpose of the resignations was to "accelerate the process of formation of a new government and bring an end to the current transitional period". However, some considered the resignations to be a means of increasing pressure on Koirala. The resignations were not immediately submitted to Koirala by
1260-493: The CPN (M) postponed its deadline for the government to step aside to allow for this period. On 5 June, the CPN (M) softened its position, deciding at a meeting of its Central Secretariat that it would not press its claim to the presidency and that it would instead favor having a member of civil society become president. The party expressed continued opposition to a proposal that would allow the Prime Minister to be dismissed by
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#17328907203211320-435: The CPN (M), and therefore were not made effective. Gurung said that he expected a coalition government to be formed by 18 June. Also on 12 June, CPN (UML) General Secretary Jhal Nath Khanal asserted that a member of his party should become president. On 14 June he blamed the CPN (M) for the deadlock. At a meeting with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) General Secretary C. P. Mainali on 14 June, Koirala stressed
1380-427: The CPN (UML) as president. A leading member of the CPN (UML) said that the two parties had agreed on the candidacy of Madhav Kumar Nepal , the former General Secretary of the CPN (UML). However, a leading member of the CPN (M) disputed this, saying that the two parties were closer to an agreement but that their party had not agreed to support a CPN (UML) candidate; he said that both Nepal and Sahana Pradhan (whose name
1440-951: The Constituency Delimitation Commission report, Koshi Province has 56 provincial seats under the FPTP ( first-past-the-post ) across 14 districts. Each district of Madhesh province has 8 provincial assembly seats, totalling to 64 seats under FPTP. Bagmati has 66 provincial assembly seats under FPTP. Gandaki has 36 provincial assembly seats under FPTP. Lumbini has 52 provincial assembly seats under FPTP. Karnali has 24 provincial assembly seats under FPTP. Sudurpashchim has 32 provincial assembly seats under FPTP. Federal parliament of Nepal Confidence & Supply (3) Opposition (28) Confidence & Supply (29) Opposition (68) Executive: Federal Parliament : Judiciary: The Federal Parliament of Nepal ( संघीय संसद नेपाल , Saṅghīya Sansada Nēpāla )
1500-547: The Constituent Assembly Act (2007) , party list representation will be calculated using a result divisor method, the Sainte-Laguë method . The seats for first-past-the-post elections remained at 240, making the total number 601 seats instead of the earlier 497. The word "republic" was also included, but will have to be confirmed by the Constituent Assembly. The agreement was officially adopted on 23 December 2007 by
1560-624: The Constituent Assembly, only the Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal (RPP-Nepal) opposed the motion. Koirala said that Nepal was entering a new era and that "the nation's dream has come true", while celebrations took place in Kathmandu; 29 and 30 May were declared to be public holidays by the government. The Constituent Assembly also decided that Gyanendra should leave the Narayanhity Palace within 15 days. Earlier on 28 May,
1620-522: The Madhesi parties. Although he criticized the three main parties for focusing on their power struggle, he endorsed the Maoist claim to lead the government, while asserting that some of the key portfolios should be given to other parties. The Constituent Assembly went into indefinite recess on 18 June. The three main parties continued their discussions on that day, but did not reach an agreement. However, CPN (M) spokesman Krishna Bahadur Mahara said that they were getting closer to an agreement, and he said that
1680-548: The Maoists were worried that they lack support and were trying to avoid suffering an embarrassing election defeat at the polls. On 26 September 2007, the Nepali Congress abandoned its tacit support for a constitutional monarchy and called on the Constituent Assembly to call for the monarch's abdication. The nomination deadline was extended on 30 September 2007 upon the request of the Seven Party Alliance . The United Nations Security Council on 26 October 2007 called for
1740-607: The Nepali Congress, two from the Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal and one from Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party . Pro-monarchy politician Rudra Bahadur from the Rastriya Prajatantra Party , who had failed to be elected in his constituency, was found murdered on 18 April 2008 in his home. Around the same time, Prachanda stated that he would "take the initiative to talk to the king in person" in hopes of convincing him to abdicate; he said that, after leaving
1800-547: The President on recommendation of the government. They must include at least three women, one Dalit , and one member from disabled groups. Members serve staggered six year terms such that the term of one-third members expires every two years. There are 16 thematic committees in the federal parliament: ten in the House of Representatives, four in the National Assembly and two joint committees. The constitution of Nepal guarantees
1860-551: The decision to hold firm on the key issues and for its ministers to resign if an agreement was not reached later in the day. The party chose to support Ramraja Prasad Singh for the presidency. Upendra Yadav, the Coordinator of the Madhesi Janadhikar Forum, also said on 17 June that his party would not participate in the government and would instead be an opposition party, and he stressed the importance of cooperation among
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1920-428: The election on 10 April. Ahead of the election, the Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal party sought to form a front of royalist parties. Another monarchist alliance, Samyukta Samabeshi Morcha , was also formed before the election. An estimated 60% of the 17.6 million voters cast ballots, many of them lining up before dawn outside the 20,000 polling stations. The election of the 601-seat Constituent Assembly to write
1980-495: The election to be held before the end of 2007. An agreement with the United Democratic Madhesi Front was reached on 28 February 2008, thus ending their general strike. The agreement also included a provision increasing the proportion of seats reserved for the Madhesi minority from 20% to 30%. Furthermore, the parties were allowed to file for the election with an additional deadline set; the constituent parties of
2040-696: The election, Rishi Prasad Sharma , a CPN-UML candidate in Jahare Bazar town in Surket district, was killed, and the election there was delayed; another person was shot and killed by police during protests regarding Sharma's death. A Congress party rally on 7 April was attacked with a bomb; a bomb also went off near the UN mission in Kathmandu. On 8 April, police killed six Maoists who were engaged in clashes with Congress supporters in Dang district. Prachanda met with Koirala and emphasized
2100-455: The government and the Maoists stated they would rejoin the government shortly. The interim parliament approved the deal on 28 December, with 270 in favor and three opposed. The Election Commission gave the parties which wished to register for the polls a new deadline of 14 January 2008; parties which had previously registered did not have to re-register. On 11 January, the Cabinet decided to hold
2160-535: The government considered an amendment to the constitution. This amendment moved the deadline for Constituent Assembly elections from 15 December 2007 to 12 April 2008, and changed the membership of the Constituent Assembly: the seats for the proportional representation system were increased to 335 and the members nominated by the prime minister were increased to 26 from 17. As specified in the Election to Members of
2220-474: The government decided on 4 June to give another palace, the Nagarjuna Palace , to Gyanendra. Also on 4 June, Prachanda and Koirala met; at this meeting Prachanda demanded that the government step aside by 5 June and again threatened street protests On the same day, the three main parties held a meeting at which they again failed to reach an agreement, but the parties agreed on the need for a few more days and
2280-469: The government. If a party has no outright majority, parties can seek to form coalitions. The first provincial assembly elections in Nepal were held in two phases, on 26 November 2017 and on 7 December 2017. There are 550 provincial seats in all of the seven provinces of Nepal, in which 330 (60%) of the provincial seats will be elected through first-past-the-post voting and 220 (40%) of seats will be elected through proportional representation. seats As per
2340-437: The importance of power-sharing according to the popular mandate and consensus. Mainali expressed the view that the Maoists should be allowed to lead the government, while the post of President should go to someone from the Nepali Congress and the post of Chairman of the Constituent Assembly should go to someone from the CPN (UML). Meanwhile, Prachanda rejected the possibility of Koirala becoming president, saying that this would be
2400-438: The interim government on 18 September 2007, citing the non-fulfillment of their demands (which included declaration of a republic before the elections). They stated they would launch street protests in favour of a republic and to ensure the elections will be held, but would also keep to the ceasefire. The Prime Minister stated that declaring a republic through the interim parliament would lack legitimacy. According to some analysts,
2460-454: The king, arguing that he must either call fresh elections or reinstate the elected legislature. In 2004, the king announced that parliamentary elections would be held within twelve months; in April 2006, in response to major pro-democratic protests , it was announced that Parliament would be reestablished. After the success of the April 2006 people's movement, on 15 January 2007, the old parliament
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2520-412: The major parties agreed on the creation of the position of president, while the prime minister was to hold executive powers; however, they reached no agreement on exactly what powers the President should have or who should become president, and these deliberations led to a delay in the opening of the constituent assembly. On 29 May, the royal standard was removed from Narayanhity Palace and replaced with
2580-517: The members should be elected from the first-past-the-post system and 40 percent through the party-list proportional representation system. Women should account for one-third of the total members elected from each party and if one-third percentage are not elected, the party that fails to ensure so shall have to elect one-third of the total number as women through the party-list proportional representation. A party with an overall majority (more seats than all other parties combined) following an election forms
2640-480: The national army. However, the parties did not yet agree on a way to resolve the question of power-sharing. Later that day, the Seven-Party Alliance held a meeting at which Koirala said that he was prepared to resign at any time. The CPN (M) and the CPN (UML) leadership met early on 20 June, and afterwards Khanal said that the CPN (M) had "responded positively" to the CPN (UML)'s proposal to have someone from
2700-578: The national flag. Gyanendra reportedly said on 2 June that he accepted the Constituent Assembly's decision. 13 parties, including the CPN (M), the NC, and the CPN (UML), met at the Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction on 1 June; no agreement was reached regarding power arrangements. The CPN (M) pressed its demand for both the positions of President and Prime Minister, but the NC and CPN (UML) were unwilling to accept this. The NC wanted these positions to be chosen through
2760-428: The need to "show restraint and have a fair and free election". Gyanendra called "upon all adult citizens to exercise their democratic right in a free and fair environment". About 135,000 police troops were deployed to provide security for the election, and there were about 20,000 polling stations. Travel and the sale of alcohol were banned while the election was held. On election day, Maoists reportedly tried to seize
2820-415: The next meeting on 17 June did not produce an agreement. CPN (UML) General Secretary Khanal said on 17 June that it was important for the left-wing parties to work together. While saying that the CPN (UML) and the CPN (M) would cooperate in the future, he noted that it would be necessary for the parties to improve their difficult relationship. The CPN (M) Central Secretariat met on the same day and approved
2880-403: The party had postponed its deadline to 19 June. On 19 June, the three main parties reached an agreement providing for a constitutional amendment that would enable a government to be formed or dismissed by a simple majority vote of the Constituent Assembly, rather than the previously required two-thirds majority vote. An agreement was also concluded on the issue of integrating Maoist fighters into
2940-448: The people "to consolidate lasting peace". Gyanendra expressed satisfaction at "the enthusiastic participation of the Nepali people" in the election. Results from 17 April 2008 showed CPN (M) winning 116 seats, CPN (UML) 31 seats and the Nepali Congress 32 seats of the 218 seats declared so far. As of 17 April 26 women have secured seats in the new assembly, 22 from the CPN (M), one from
3000-434: The presidency. Prachanda, meanwhile, said that he expected the new government to be formed imminently, calling on other parties to support this and warning that anyone contravening the people's mandate would have a "heavy price" to pay. Another meeting of the three main parties on 16 June ended in continued disagreement on the key issues, and the CPN (M) said that it would submit the resignations of its ministers to Koirala if
3060-510: The seven declared seats, and was leading in 56 of the other 102 currently being counted; it was noted that the CPN (M) were more successful than analysts expected, as they were believed to be likely to come only in third place. Polls were ordered to be repeated in at least 60 polling stations across 16 constituencies and 10 districts, though that number is likely to increase. The numbers were announced to have increased to 98 polling stations, 21 constituencies, 12 districts on 14 April 2008. With
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#17328907203213120-420: The throne, Gyanendra could still live in Nepal and remain involved in business. The CPN (M) won a plurality of seats in the election: 220 out of 575 (the remaining 26 members are to be chosen by the government formed after the election), with 120 seats through first-past-the-post constituencies and 100 through proportional representation. The party has said that, because it won more seats than any other party, it
3180-410: The whole country as a single election constituency. The members of the house hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers . The National Assembly ( राष्ट्रिय सभा , Rastriya Sabha ) has 59 members. Eight members are elected from each of the seven provinces by an electoral college of each province, and three are appointed by
3240-415: Was announced that the first session of the CA would be held on 28 May 2008. The members of the CA were sworn in on 27 May 2008. At the first session of the Constituent Assembly on 28 May, it voted to declare Nepal a federal democratic republic, thereby abolishing the monarchy. 564 members of the Constituent Assembly voted on this motion, with 560 in favor and four opposed. Of all the parties represented in
3300-445: Was dissolved and replaced by a 330-member interim legislature of Nepal . The legislature drafted an interim constitution and a constituent assembly election was held in April 2008 . The 601-member assembly on 28 May 2008 abolished the 238-year-old monarchy and declared the country a republic. The constituent assembly, which was initially given two years to draft a new constitution, was dissolved on 27 May 2012 after its failure to draft
3360-568: Was dissolved on 21 January 2018 (7 Magh 2074 BS ). According to the Constitution of Nepal 2015 , Nepal has a two-chamber parliament ( संसद ), consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, with the President of Nepal acting as their head. The President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( नेपालको राष्ट्रपति , Nēpālakō rāṣṭrapati ) is the head of state of Nepal and commander in chief of
3420-718: Was followed by the Nepali Congress with 110 seats and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) with 103 seats. After months of power-sharing discussions and deliberations, CPN (M) Chairman Prachanda was elected as Prime Minister in August 2008. Due to its failure in drafting a new constitution, the CA was dissolved on 28 May 2012 after its original and extended total tenure of 4 years. The Election Constituency Delimitation Commission recommended these numbers and distribution of seats: 335 members would be elected through
3480-421: Was planned to draft a new constitution and therefore decide, amongst other things, on the issue of federalism . The number of eligible voters was around 17.5 million. The Constituent Assembly was originally set to have a term of two years. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN (M)), placed first in the election with 220 out of 575 elected seats, and became the largest party in the Constituent Assembly. It
3540-443: Was reported that the CPN (M) had won in three of the five constituencies where vote-counting had been completed. The Nepali Congress and the CPN (UML) each won one constituency. Early results also appeared favorable to the CPN (M) in 55 other constituencies where counting was continuing. A complete count in all 240 constituencies was expected to take several weeks. Results from later on the same date showed that CPN (M) has won five of
3600-479: Was shot and killed. An activist was killed in clashes in Sunsari district. Despite such incidents, the election was deemed generally peaceful although held in a 'general atmosphere of fear and intimidation.' Although voting was called off at 33 polling stations, the overall national voter turnout stood approximately at 60%. In many places, there was applause at the beginning and ending of voting. On 12 April 2008, it
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