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83-707: Puerto La Cruz ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpweɾto la ˈkɾus] ) is a port city located in Anzoátegui State , in Venezuela . It is the seat of the Juan Antonio Sotillo Municipality . The city has road connections to the state capital, Barcelona , to Lecheria and to Guanta . The city of Puerto La Cruz is located on the southern shore of the Caribbean. The elevation of the city varies between 767 and 64 metres (2,516 and 210 ft). The city position

166-492: A centralised system of local government officially called local administration as it is a branch of the Executive . The country is divided into 27 governorates ( محافظة muḥāfaẓah ; Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [moˈħɑfzˤɑ] ; genitive case : muḥāfaẓat  [moˈħɑfzˤet] ; plural: محافظات muḥāfaẓāt  [moħɑfˈzˤɑːt] ), the top tier of local administration. A governorate

249-470: A federal republic operates three tiers of government: federal (or central), states and local government. The country's constitution provides for each local government (which exists in a single tier countrywide), and its development areas and autonomous communities created by individual state legislation to have democratically elected local government heads. There is a ministry (or bureau) of local government and chieftaincy affairs in each state charged with

332-479: A Nazim (the word means "supervisor" in Urdu, but is sometimes translated as Mayor). Some districts, incorporating large metropolitan areas, are called City Districts. A City District may contain subdivisions called Towns and Union Councils. Council elections are held every four years. District Governments also include a District Coordination Officer (DCO), who is a civil servant in-charge of all devolved departments. Currently,

415-479: A [local] jurisdiction that has adequate political, administrative, and fiscal autonomy and authority to respond to the needs and priorities of its constituents". Questions regarding the empowerment of local government institutions, the structure and nature of local political leadership, and the extent of local self-governance and municipal autonomy are key questions of public administration and governance. Local elections are held in many countries. Egypt has

498-865: A capacity for 18 thousand spectators, and the Enzo Hernández Stadium; in basketball, Marinos de Anzoátegui is present, with headquarters in the Luis Ramos Gymnasium (informally called "the devil's cauldron" ("La Caldera del Diablo")), with a capacity for 5,500 spectators; in soccer, the Deportivo Anzoátegui is present, whose headquarters is the José Antonio Anzoátegui Stadium, with a capacity for 40,000 spectators. 10°4′N 64°43′W  /  10.067°N 64.717°W  / 10.067; -64.717 Local government List of forms of government Local government

581-547: A capacity of 18,000 spectators. The city is also home to the professional basketball team Marinos de Anzoátegui (formerly known as Marinos de Oriente), which plays in the Polideportivo Simón Bolívar (formerly known as Polideportivo Luis Ramos), better known today as the Caldera del Diablo. The city has 2 football stadiums. The Jose Antonio Anzoátegui stadium , with a capacity of 40,000 spectators, hosted some of

664-441: A chairperson and a number of members. In 1997, a parliamentary act was passed to reserve three seats (out of 12) in every union for female candidates. Dhaka is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. The cities with a city corporation, having mayoral elections, include Dhaka South, Dhaka North, Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Barisal, Rangpur, Comilla and Gazipur. Other major cities, these and other municipalities electing

747-418: A mayor and councilors for each ward, include Mymensingh, Gopalganj, Jessore, Bogra, Dinajpur, Saidapur, Narayanganj, Naogaon and Rangamati. Both the municipal heads are elected for a span of five years. The administrative divisions of Brunei mainly consist of daerah , mukim and kampung or kampong . They are organised hierarchically, with daerah being the first level and kampong the third level. All

830-437: A mixed election system (uninominal by electoral circuits with proportional representation of minorities through party list vote) of the population of the state and its municipalities. The state has 15 legislators, 14 belong to the official party and one to the opposition. Anzoátegui comprises 21 municipalities ( municipios ), listed below: Based on the 2001 census information, the estimated population of Anzoátegui State in 2007

913-687: A separate level of government, provided they are also able to raise and spend some funds on their own initiative and own responsibility." Other definitions for local governments are less prescriptive and emphasize the political or representative nature of local governments. For instance, OECD defines local governments as "decentralized entities whose governance bodies are elected through universal suffrage and which has general responsibilities and some autonomy with respect to budget, staff and assets." The Local Public Sector Alliance defines local government institutions as "a corporate body (or institutional unit) that performs one or more public sector functions within

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996-593: A smaller number of loya jirga delegates— according to allotted numbers assigned to each district. The delegates then took part in the Loya Jirga. The warlords who rule various regions of the country exert local control. The transitional government is attempting to integrate local governing authorities with the central government, but it lacks the loyalty from the warlords necessary to its governing authority. More traditional elements of political authority—such as Sufi networks, royal lineage, clan strength, age-based wisdom, and

1079-956: A third or fourth level of government, whereas in unitary states , local government usually occupies the second or third level of government. The institutions of local government vary greatly between countries, and even where similar arrangements exist, country-specific terminology often varies. Common designated names for different types of local government entities include counties , districts , cities , townships , towns , boroughs , parishes , municipalities , municipal corporations , shires , villages , and local government areas . The same term may be used in different countries to refer to local governance institutions with vastly different institutional features, powers, or functions. In addition to general-purpose local governments, some countries have special-purpose local governments ( special districts ), such as independent school districts , elected water boards , or local service districts . Although there

1162-640: A three-tier system of local self-government in rural areas in India; The Israeli Ministry of Interior recognizes four types of local government in Israel: Since the Meiji restoration , Japan has had a local government system based on prefectures . The national government oversees much of the country. Municipal governments were historical villages. Now mergers are common for cost effective administration. There are 47 prefectures . They have two main responsibilities. One

1245-535: A tree called caderoms, this includes resistant or environmentally adapted varieties. As for the flora, the species of wood trees that are most abundant are oil, pylon, carob, oak, quebrahacho, puy, araguaney, apamate, etc. The fruits present in the State are the merey, mango, guácimo, sarrapia, merecure, querebero, corn, among others. The characteristic flora of the State of Anzoàtegui can be seen in its streets and patios of many houses, and even its squares are decorated with

1328-603: A wide range of services to local residents," while "the scope of their authority is generally much less than that of central government or state governments, and they may or may not be entitled to levy taxes." They are often heavily dependent on grants (transfers) from higher levels of government, and they may also act, to some extent, as agents of central or regional governments. They should also be able to appoint their own officers, independently of external administrative control. Even when local governments act as agents of central or state governments to some extent, they can be treated as

1411-475: Is 1,477,900 inhabitants. According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was: The most used language at official level in education, commerce and by the general population is Spanish , there are several indigenous minority tribes located in some points of the state that speak other languages besides this one. According to article 8 of the Constitution of Anzoátegui State of May 30, 2002,

1494-448: Is a generic term for the lowest tiers of governance or public administration within a particular sovereign state . Local governments typically constitute a subdivision of a higher-level political or administrative unit, such as a nation or state. Local governments generally act within the powers and functions assigned to them by law or directives of a higher level of government. In federal states , local government generally comprises

1577-577: Is administered by a governor , who is appointed by the President of Egypt and serves at the president's discretion. Governors have the civilian rank of minister and report directly to the prime minister , who chairs the Board of Governors and meets with them on a regular basis. The Minister of Local Development coordinates the governors and their governorate's budgets. In recent years , Mali has undertaken an ambitious decentralization program, which involves

1660-472: Is also a terminal for the export/import of the crude oil processed at the city's refinery. Puerto La Cruz does not have its own airport and uses Generál José Antonio Anzoátegui International Airport , in the nearby city of Barcelona. According to various sources, local authorities awaited the signature of President Hugo Chávez after negotiating an agreement between the mayors of Puerto La Cruz (Sotillo Municipality) and Barcelona (Bolivar Municipality) and

1743-418: Is also characterized by dull yellow flowers. Its stem is fleshy and rich in sucrose (20-25%) and 10-20% of reduced sugars. The Cují or Prosopis Juliflora is native to Peru, Chile and Argentina. Silica sands, limestone, coal, oil, petroleum and natural gas. Thermal waters Hot Waters Urica Bergantine to Aguas de Minas Umbrella The State organizes its administration and public powers through the Constitution of

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1826-652: Is at Latitude 10° 13' N and Longitude 64° 37' W. Typical temperatures vary between 25–28 °C (77–82 °F). Borders are represented by Mochima National Park , the North Eastern region, and the Coastal Mountains. The history of this settlement began with the arrival of the Spanish to the northern coast of what would eventually become Venezuela. In 1780, the Christian Mission of Pozuelos (English: small wells )

1909-405: Is divided into several unions , with each union consisting of multiple villages. In the metropolitan areas, police stations are divided into wards, which are further divided into mahallas . There are no directly elected officials at the divisional or district levels, although elected chairs of subdistricts also sit on district councils. Direct elections are held for each union (or ward), electing

1992-456: Is located in Jose. The largest proportion of the so-called "Orinoco Belt" is located in the south of the state, constituting the largest oil reserve on the planet. The agricultural activity has been experiencing a growth based, fundamentally, in the increase of the occupied surface after having passed a prolonged period of stagnation, as a consequence of the development of the oil activity. According to

2075-562: Is mediation between national and municipal governments. The other is area wide administration. Local government is the lowest level in the system of government in Malaysia —after federal and state. It has the power to collect taxes (in the form of assessment tax), to create laws and rules (in the form of by-laws) and grants licenses and permits for any trade in its area of jurisdiction, in addition to providing basic amenities, collecting and managing waste and garbage as well as planning and developing

2158-611: Is no single, commonly accepted definition of the term, the most precise definition of local governments is provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) , which divides the general government sector into three sub-sectors (central, state, and local government) and defines local governments as "institutional units whose fiscal, legislative, and executive authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes." The IMF further notes that local governments "typically provide

2241-563: Is one of the largest petrochemical complexes in Latin America. Anzoátegui also prospers in the fishing industry, tourism, small-scale agriculture and extensive cattle raising. The economy of Anzoátegui State is characterized by the predominance of oil and agricultural activities, however, there are favorable expectations of development in the secondary and tertiary sectors, with the installation of important industries such as: automotive, construction materials, oil derivatives, agro-industry, and on

2324-581: Is the capital of the state, was founded by the Spanish colonists in 1677 as "New Barcelona of the Holy Hill" ( Nueva Barcelona del Cerro Santo ) later shortened simply to Barcelona. The present day Anzoátegui State was also included in the Province of Cumaná, which in turn was part of the Captaincy General of Venezuela, along with other provinces (Guayana, Maracaibo, Caracas, Margarita and Trinidad). In 1810 it

2407-836: Is the lowest administrative level in Brunei and headed by a ketua kampong or village head. Its population varies from a few hundreds to tens of thousands. The subdivisions of Georgia are autonomous republics ( Georgian : ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა , avtonomiuri respublika ), regions (მხარე, mkhare ), and municipalities (მუნიციპალიტეტი, munits'ipaliteti ). Local government is the third tier of government in India , after Union Government and State Government . The urban local bodies (municipalities) are for urban governance and panchayati raj institutions (panchayats) for rural governance. Urban Local Bodies (ULBs): Rural Local Bodies: Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), knowns as " Panchayats " are

2490-475: Is the second marine park decreed in the country, it is shared with the state of Sucre, it gathers several islands and islets such as Chimanas, Mono, Picuda Grande, Caracas, Venado, borracha. On the coastal side it occupies a mountainous area with a group of beaches, gulfs and coves. The mountainous part is made up of sedimentary rocks of steep relief with slopes that fall abruptly towards the sea. They are giant cliffs devoid of vegetation, which form strange figures in

2573-558: The Antilles . Also, at 50 kilometres (31 mi), the José Plant Complex is one of the primary processing facilities of the largest Venezuelan oil company , PDVSA and is a major refining hub for the crude extracted in the states of Monagas and Anzoátegui . Puerto La Cruz is the terminus of the 145 km (90 mi) Carapito-Puerto la Cruz oil pipeline, the 155 km (96 mi) San Joaquin -Puerto la Cruz oil pipeline and

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2656-687: The Copa América 2007 matches among teams from Brazil, Mexico, Chile and Ecuador. The stadium is the home ground of the football team Deportivo Anzoátegui , which plays in the First Division of Venezuela . The other stadium, the Salvador de la Plaza stadium, hosts the football team Inter Anzoátegui, which plays in the Third Division. Sports clubs TV Radio Periodicals It has two editions for Anzoátegui (North and Central-South) and one for

2739-668: The barangay . The country remains a unitary state and the National Government continues to have strong influence over local government units. A province is led by a governor along with the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (Provincial Council) composed of board members. A mayor leads a city or municipality while the Sangguniang Panlungsod (City Council) and the Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Council) constitute

2822-408: The 184 km (114 mi) Anaco -Puerto la Cruz gas pipeline. The city is the gateway to a large national park . The beaches of Mochima National Park surround the city. Places such as Isla de Plata, Playa Conoma, Isla Arapo and Playa Arapito are known for their beauty. To the west of the city is the terminal of one of the main ferry lines linking Isla Margarita with the mainland, while to

2905-643: The Agricultural Statistical Yearbook of the MAC 89/91, the main items cultivated in the state are: soy, peanuts, corn, cotton, cane, sorghum, coffee, cocoa, cambur, roots and tubers. Another relevant agricultural activity is the exploitation of forest resources: according to the statistics of the Venezuelan Autonomous Forest Service (SEFORVEN), for the year 1990 the entity had a production of wood in rolls of 1 033 100 m³ (0,18 % of

2988-485: The Apamate a particular beauty and fill the main streets of Barcelona with its flowers. There is one tree in particular that can be found in most of the towns in the State of Anzoàtegui, and in particular in the arid areas of the state. eL Cuji: Prosopis Juliflora (scientific name) is a tree up to 10–15 m high, typical of arid and semi-arid regions, chestnut green in colour, with flexible branches with long and strong thorns. It

3071-601: The Chinese company Transtech Engineering Corporation for the construction of a network of modern mass transportation . The target date for the launch of this initiative was August 2007, but since the announcement in March of that year has not been re-appointed over the project. The first phase of construction of the Metro urban network is expected to last approximately two years to complete. According to various estimates, this would reduce by 50%

3154-632: The Governor's Office between 2016 and 2017. Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard . The state legislature is the unicameral Legislative Council of the State of Anzoátegui, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, and they can be reelected for new consecutive periods, under

3237-659: The Mayor is the supreme of each local government which is elected every 5 (Five) year by local public. Local government is the third tier of government in Pakistan , after Federal Government and Provincial Government. There are three types of administrative unit of local government in Pakistan: There are over five thousand local governments in Pakistan. Since 2001, these have been led by democratically elected local councils, each headed by

3320-494: The Peshawar parties to ensure access to weapons that were doled out to the parties by the government of Pakistan for distribution to fighters inside Afghanistan. The Taliban set up a shura (assembly), made up of senior Taliban members and important tribal from the area. Each shura made laws and collected taxes locally. The Taliban set up a provisional government for the whole of Afghanistan, but it did not exercise central control over

3403-708: The Philippines. There was an attempt to institute an autonomous region in the Cordillera , but that failed and instead the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) was established. Local governments have limited taxing authority. Most of their funds come from the national government via the Internal Revenue Allotment There are three levels of local government in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia :

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3486-629: The Powers of Nazim are also held by the DCO. Local government in the Palestinian National Authority -controlled areas are divided into three main groups: Municipal councils, village council and local development committees. The Local Government Code of 1991 provides for the three levels of Local Government Units or LGUs in the Philippines : (1) the province (2) city and municipality , and (3)

3569-559: The Soviet occupation and the development of country-wide resistance, local areas came increasingly under the control of mujaheddin groups that were largely independent of any higher authority; local commanders, in some instances, asserted a measure of independence also from the mujaheddin leadership in Pakistan, establishing their own systems of local government, collecting revenues, running educational and other facilities, and even engaging in local negotiations. Mujaheddin groups retained links with

3652-454: The State of Anzoátegui, which establishes two fundamental powers: executive and legislative. The 2002 Constitution remains in force and governs the State. It is composed of the Governor of Anzoátegui State and a group of state secretaries, appointed by him. The current governor is Antonio Barreto Sira of the opposition party Acción Democrática, after Nelson Moreno's "interim" management of the PSUV in

3735-612: The Unare River became a key supply site. However, The first Spanish settlement in the land of the Cumanagotos occurred in 1586 under the command of the Captain of Conquest Cristobal Cobos, who confronted the Cayaurima chieftain, and whose defeat was decisive for the foundation of the first city, San Cristóbal de la New Ecija. The first foundation, was followed by more than sixty years of war, until

3818-765: The Unare river and the islets of Píritu, the tribes of the Píritus and Chacopatas were located. The Palenques had formed a village in Aripata, on the right bank of the Unare, where the population of Clarines is located, but its domains encompassed the Tramojo, Chocopire and Güere River lagoons to the south. The tribe of the Cochismas was located on the banks of the Guanare River and the Guaribes occupied

3901-770: The administrative divisions are under direct governance of the government through the Ministry of Home Affairs. There are four districts in Brunei: Brunei-Muara , Belait , Tutong and Temburong . The administrative level of mukim lies below the district. At present, there are 38 mukims, with 17 in Brunei-Muara, 8 in Tutong, 8 in Belait and 5 in Temburong District. A mukim is headed by a penghulu. A village (Malay: kampung or kampong)

3984-563: The area that irrigated the river of the same name. Inland, other tribes like the Quacos and Cores occupied territories up to the banks of the Orinoco River. Since 1499 the first Spanish incursions to the beaches of Anzoátegui began through the Maracapana (Dairy) hill in search of pearls sources. With the appearance of Cubagua and its pearly potential, the stretch of land included between Cumana and

4067-552: The area under its jurisdiction. Gaunpalika (Rural Council) and Nagarpalika (Municipal council) are the local level divisions in Nepal . Which is ruled by third level of government after Federal and Provincial government. In Nepal there are total 753 local levels government (including 6 Metropolises , 11 Sub-metropolises , 276 Municipalities and 460 Gaunpalikas ). And there are total 6,743 wards are formed under these 753 local levels. These local government are ruled by local leaders and

4150-409: The arrival of Juan de Orpí, to whom the audience of Santo Domingo assigns the conquest of the province of the cumanagotos. He achieved his goal and in 1636 he founded Nueva Barcelona, near San Cristóbal, which coexisted between 1638 and 1670 as towns rivals because of the government dependency they had. Today's Barcelona emerged on January 1, 1671, through the action of Father Manuel Yanques, who orders

4233-545: The capital district of Bamako , seven regions subdivided into 46 cercles, and 682 rural community districts (communes). The state retains an advisory role in administrative and fiscal matters, and it provides technical support, coordination, and legal recourse to these levels. Opportunities for direct political participation, and increased local responsibility for development have been improved. In August–September 1998, elections were held for urban council members, who subsequently elected their mayors. In May/June 1999, citizens of

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4316-483: The cercles will be reinstituted (formerly grouping arrondissements) with a legal and financial basis of their own. Their councils will be chosen by and from members of the communal councils. The regions, at the highest decentralized level, will have a similar legal and financial autonomy, and will comprise a number of cercles within their geographical boundaries. Mali needs to build capacity at these levels, especially to mobilize and manage financial resources. Nigeria as

4399-466: The characteristic trees of the region. It is important to mention, the Cayenne, which is found throughout the region: it is a tall and sometimes arborescent bush of 8-10 mts high that presents the following characteristics. The flowers are striking and large at their best, growing up to 15.24 cm. in diameter and occur in many colors such as orange, red, pink, white, yellow and salmon, and remain for most of

4482-563: The city also has a good efficient sports infrastructure; however, work has been carried out in the local sports complex for its full restoration, and to turn it into a real sports town because in these years there has been an increase in the Eastern sports fans. The city is the home of the baseball team Caribes de Anzoátegui (formerly known as Caribes de Oriente). The team plays at the Estadio Alfonso Chico Carrasquel , which has

4565-524: The city council, the municipal council and the municipality. The city council is the highest level of local government. The municipal councils began in 2005 and is the second level of local government. The municipality is the third level of local government. There are 178 municipalities across the kingdom. The first began in Jeddah during the Othmanic period. Each municipality is run by its city's mayor. Collectively,

4648-525: The city, from north to south, and from east to west. Among them are: Puerto La Cruz has several ports from which many destinations, attractions, and shopping facilities can be reached. Margarita Island can be reached by the transport service operated by Conferry and Gran Cacique Express (which resumed its activities in December 2006). The beaches located on the islands of Mochima National Park may also be reached from Lechería. In Guaraguao, Puerto La Cruz, there

4731-445: The communes elected their communal council members for the first time. Female voter turnout was about 70% of the total, and observers considered the process open and transparent. With mayors, councils, and boards in place at the local level, newly elected officials, civil society organizations, decentralized technical services, private sector interests, other communes, and donor groups began partnering to further development. Eventually,

4814-568: The depths species like corocoro, snapper, grouper, curvina, roncador, cazón, the blue shark and widow are abundant. The coves are rich in crustaceans and molluscs. The following islands in Anzoátegui State are part of Mochima National Park: The State of Anzoátegui has teams in various sports; in professional baseball, the team "Caribes de Anzoátegui" stands out, with headquarters in the Alfonso Chico Carrasquel Stadium, with

4897-487: The development of Puerto La Cruz and other coastal towns. International restaurant company Churro Mania originated in the Anzoateguian city of Lecheria. Industrial: Crude and refined petroleum, natural gas and its derivatives, coal, cement, food products and beverages. Forestry: olive, araguaney, ceiba, cereiba, cereipo, cují, jobo and vera. Minerals: siliceous sands, limestone, coal, oil, etc. Mochima National Park

4980-429: The east is a private marina that caters for tourists and visitors. Day trips are available to visit national park islands such as Playa El Faro, Los Chimanas, Cachicamo and Isla Borracha. In addition to tourism, the major international banks have established their regional headquarters in the city. A large number of commercial businesses, and large shopping centers are progressively being developed. Large avenues cross

5063-472: The eviction of previously founded villages with the proposal of strengthen the defence against threats from indigenous tribes, and then establish the New Barcelona of San Cristóbal de Cumanagotos. In its surroundings were formed villages of missions and doctrines, highlighting among them Our Lady of Clarines, founded in 1594; Nuestra Señora de la Concepción de Píritu, founded in 1656, which was incorporated into

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5146-447: The first church was built, and slowly the name of the town was changed to Puerto de la Santa Cruz (English: Port of the Holy Cross ), later shortened to Puerto La Cruz. Puerto La Cruz is home to Puerto La Cruz refinery, one of the largest oil refineries in the country, which, with its 200,000 barrels (32,000 m) per day processing capacity, supplies the domestic market and exports to other Caribbean countries such as Cuba and

5229-516: The following subdivisions: The rayons are further divided into municipalities ( Bələdiyyə ). Bangladesh is divided into eight administrative divisions, each named after their respective divisional headquarters: Barisal , Chittagong , Dhaka , Khulna , Rajshahi , Sylhet , Rangpur and Mymensingh Division . Divisions are divided into zila . There are 64 zila in Bangladesh, each further divided into upazila or thana . The area within each police station, except for those in metropolitan areas,

5312-430: The great hero of Venezuelan independence, José Antonio Anzoátegui (1789-1819), this state was originally called the Province of Barcelona, receiving that name from the province of Barcelona in present-day Spain and maintained that name from the beginning of the 18th century until 1821 and then between 1830 and 1864, when its name was replaced by "Estado Barcelona", a name it kept until 1909. The city of Barcelona , which

5395-402: The individual considers himself to belong, whether a subtribe, village, valley, or neighborhood. Local governing authority relies upon these forms of identity and loyalty. Armenia is subdivided into eleven administrative divisions . Of these, ten are provinces, known as marzer ( մարզեր ) or in the singular form marz ( մարզ ) in Armenian . Azerbaijan is administratively divided into

5478-479: The kingdom's municipalities make up the Ministry of Municipality and Rural Affairs (MoMRA). The Republic of China government in Taiwan consists of special municipality governments, provincial city governments and county governments for their local governments. They also have councils in each of those three local government levels. Turkey has two levels of local government; provinces (Turkish: iller) and districts (Turkish: ilçeler). The territory of Turkey

5561-422: The legislative branches of a city and municipality, respectively. A barangay is headed by the Barangay Captain and the Barangay Council . Barangays can be further divided into puroks and sitios but their leadership is unelected. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also provides for the existence of autonomous regions. The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) is the only autonomous region in

5644-403: The like—still exist and play a role in Afghan society. Karzai is relying on these traditional sources of authority in his challenge to the warlords and older Islamist leaders. The deep ethnic, linguistic, sectarian, tribal, racial, and regional cleavages present in the country create what is called "Qawm" identity, emphasizing the local over higher-order formations. Qawm refers to the group to which

5727-508: The local shuras. The process of setting up the transitional government in June 2002 by the Loya Jirga took many steps involving local government. First, at the district and municipal level, traditional shura councils met to pick electors—persons who cast ballots for Loya Jirga delegates. Each district or municipality had to choose a predetermined number of electors, based on the size of its population. The electors then traveled to regional centers and cast ballots, to choose from amongst themselves

5810-445: The national total). In the cattle activity they emphasize: cattle with 614 097 heads; pigs with 100 097 heads and birds with 4 019 816 units. The development of the state has been centered in the coastal strip, where 50% of the population is located, generating conflicts of use by the occupation of the space between the tourist, industrial oil, mining, residential and commercial activities. Tourism currently plays an important role in

5893-409: The official language of the state is Spanish. In addition, the Kariña language (which is one of the aboriginal tribes of the state) and the other indigenous languages spoken in the state are official for the indigenous peoples. The economy of the state is dominated by the exploitation of oil and natural gas. The "José Antonio Anzoátegui Petrochemical Complex", located in José, to the east of Barcelona,

5976-655: The other hand, tourist, commercial and financial activities. The production of hydrocarbons represents an important part within the national context, occupying a considerable physical space. In the Anaco-Aragua sector in Barcelona and El Tigre are the aspects related to the extraction phase, while the industrial activities of refining are carried out in Puerto La Cruz and San Roque. Likewise, the Cryogenic Complex of Oriente

6059-577: The premontane rainforest appears. Sea birds abound in this area, such as the gull, the gannet and the earwig. Towards the heights are the paraulata, the maraquera pigeon, the guacharaca and the conoto. Among the few mammals that inhabit the cloudy areas are the cachicamo, the lapa, the jaguar, the fox and the capuchin monkey. On the islands of the park, fauna is scarce and consists of lizards and iguanas. Marine species are abundant such as: sardine, mackerel, horse mackerel, cataco, lampara, yellowfin and blackfin tuna, lebranche, mullet, mojarra and snook; while in

6142-404: The province of Cumaná; San Miguel Jesús María and José de Caigua and Nuestra Señora del Pilar, among others. Until the decade of the 1930s, agriculture, fishing and livestock were the main activities of the state. Cotton and sugar cane, together with livestock and fishing, allowed since colonial times the structuring of small towns (Barcelona, Boca de Uchire, Clarines and Píritu). Named in honor of

6225-504: The responsibility of administration at that level. Nigeria has a total of 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). South Africa has a two-tiered local government system comprising local municipalities which fall into district municipalities, and metropolitan municipalities which span both tiers of local government. Afghanistan was traditionally divided into provinces governed by centrally appointed governors with considerable autonomy in local affairs. There are currently 34 provinces. During

6308-420: The sediments carried by the Unare river. The main rivers are Amana, Aragüita, Caris, Guanipa, Güere, Guario, Morichal Largo, Neverí, Pao, Tigre, Unare, Zuata and a sector of the lower Orinoco. The vegetation of the Anzoátegui State is typical temperate. It is largely determined by altitude, climate and season of the year, where areas of snow-covered scrub, cujíes and small southern species alternate. It also has

6391-578: The south, Guarico and Miranda to the west, and to the north by the Caribbean Sea provides water to the territory, as are the Unare and Neverí rivers (on the second slope) and the Zuata and Cabrutica rivers (on the first slope). Most of these rivers have their headwaters in the central tables. In the flat area of the coast, there are the Píritu and Unare lagoons, both of which are closed off by coastal ridges generated by

6474-631: The state of Sucre. Anzo%C3%A1tegui State Until 1535, the lands of Anzoátegui State had not been explored by Europeans. They were inhabited by various indigenous tribes: in the northeast, occupying part of the coast and even the interior and margins of the Guatapanare River (today the Neverí River) were Cumanagotes. Towards the mouth of the Uchire River, the Tumuzas and towards the center between

6557-406: The stone. The coastal vegetation is essentially thorny, where cactus and shrubs such as cuji, dividivi, yacure, guamacho, espinito and retama predominate. Towards the insular sector there are three species of buttonwood mangrove. Ascending there is an area where species like the vera palo santo, the guatacaro, the jobo pelón, the cardón and the araguaney can be observed. From the 900 m above sea level,

6640-411: The volume of traffic that is logged daily in this metropolitan area . This ambitious project involves an air transport infrastructure, with additional sections on land. In the city there are various universities, institutes and colleges, among which are the following: Universities Institutes Schools and Colleges International schools: Spanish Language Schools Despite the importance,

6723-524: The year. Most have bright flashes and are bell-shaped. A tree that abounds in its main squares and roads: El Colorado or Apamate, is one of the most beautiful, useful and most cultivated trees of the Venezuelan flora. In some regions of the country, it is also known by the names of Roble Colorado (Zulia), Orumo (Falcón). This tree can measure up to 30 m. and has as its habitat the deciduous forest. Its purple, pink, lilac and white flowers in different shades give

6806-623: Was founded by indigenous natives. On 9 April 1862, a group of 26 families from Margarita Island decided to settle in Pozuelos Bay. As time progressed, this settlement adopted the Virgen del Amparo (English: Virgin of Amparo ) and the Holy Cross (Spanish: Santa Cruz ) as their religious symbols, celebrating their patron saint on 8 November (Spanish: Dia de la Virgen del Amparo ) and iconography on 3 May (Spanish: Dia de la Santa Cruz ). By 1868

6889-402: Was separated from the province. It was in 1909 when it acquired the current political distribution. The State of Anzoátegui has an area of 43,300 km . It is the sixth largest state in the country. Anzoátegui is located between the coordinates 10°08'40" north and 64°40'38" west, in the northeastern region of the country. It borders with the State of Monagas and Sucre to the east, Bolivar to

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