Port Martin , or Port-Martin , is an abandoned French research base at Cape Margerie on the coast of Adélie Land , Antarctica , as well as the name of the adjacent anchorage .
31-501: The site was discovered in 1950 by the Fifth French Antarctic Expedition under André-Frank Liotard [ fr ] and a landing made on 18 January 1950. The base was established by Liotard and a team of 11 men who raised the main building with several annexes to house scientific activities. It was named for expeditioner André-Paul Martin [ fr ] (aka J.A. Martin), originally second-in-command of
62-558: A Historic Site or Monument (HSM 46), following a proposal by France to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting . [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from "Port Martin" . Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey . This Adélie Land location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . French Antarctic Expedition#1949-1951 The French Antarctic Expedition
93-649: A one-star rank; and rear-admiral (two-star), a two-star rank. Rear admiral is a two-star rank in the Sri Lanka Navy . In Sweden , rear admiral is a two-star admiral rank of the Swedish Navy . The Royal Navy maintains a rank of rear admiral. Note that the rank of rear admiral is quite different from the honorary office Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom . In the United States, there have been two ranks with
124-506: A rank of rear admiral; refer to Australian Defence Force ranks and insignia . The abbreviation is RADM. Since the mid-1990s, the insignia of a Royal Australian Navy rear admiral is the Crown of St. Edward above a crossed sword and baton, above two silver stars, above the word "Australia". Like the Royal Navy version, the sword is a traditional naval cutlass . The stars have eight points, unlike
155-519: A secondary base on Petrel Island , some 60 kilometres (37 mi) to the west in the Géologie Archipelago . On the night of 23–24 January 1952 the Port Martin base was largely destroyed by a fire which burnt down its main building. There were no deaths nor injuries incurred but the base personnel were evacuated to Petrel Island, where they overwintered , and Port Martin abandoned. Since 1952
186-652: A small peninsula on the SE side of Biscoe Bay , adding to the honours for John Biscoe – who may have landed in the vicinity in 1832. While the name "Presqu'ile de Biscoe" has not endured, the resurvey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1955 named Biscoe Point for the rocky point found in the approximate location of Charcot's Presqu'ile. Loubet Land was explored in January 1905 and named after Émile Loubet , then President of France . Rabot Island
217-415: A vice admiral, who commanded the lead ships that bore the brunt of a battle. In the rear of the squadron, a third admiral commanded the remaining ships and, as this section was considered to be in the least danger, the admiral in command of it was typically the most junior. This has continued into the modern age, with rear admiral the most junior admiralty of many navies. The Royal Australian Navy maintains
248-561: Is any of several French expeditions in Antarctica . In 1837, during an 1837–1840 expedition across the deep southern hemisphere, Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville sailed his ship Astrolabe along a coastal area of Antarctica which he later named Adélie Land , in honor of his wife. During the Antarctic part of this expedition, Dumont d'Urville team performed the first experiments to determine
279-596: Is junior to the three-star rank vice-admiral and four-star rank admiral, who is generally a Chief of Naval Staff of the Navy. The highest ordinary rank currently filled in the Royal New Zealand Navy is rear admiral and this is the rank held by the Chief of Navy unless that person is also Chief of Defence Force . The Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) has two ranks with the title of rear admiral: rear-admiral (one-star),
310-409: Is senior to a commodore and brigadier-general , and junior to a vice-admiral and lieutenant-general . The rank insignia for a rear-admiral is two silver maple leaves beneath a silver crossed sword and baton, all surmounted by St Edward's Crown , worn on gold shoulder boards on the white short-sleeved shirt or the tropical white tunic. The service dress features a wide strip of gold braid around
341-424: Is usually equivalent to the rank of major general in armies. In the U.S. Navy and some other navies, there are two rear admiral ranks . The term originated in the days of naval sailing squadrons and can trace its origins to the Royal Navy . Each naval squadron was assigned an admiral as its head, who commanded from the centre vessel and directed the squadron's activities. The admiral would in turn be assisted by
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#1733086309831372-501: The 1837–1840 expedition as " TA 1 " ("TA" is for: "Terre Adélie", Adélie Land in French), while the 1951–1953 expedition is " TA 5 ". The next expedition in 1956 is " TA 6 ". Rear admiral Rear admiral is a flag officer rank used by English-speaking navies . In most European navies, the equivalent rank is called counter admiral . Rear admiral is usually immediately senior to commodore and immediately below vice admiral . It
403-730: The Royal Australian Navy when she was appointed Surgeon-General of the Australian Defence Force on 16 December 2011. In the Royal Canadian Navy , the rank of rear-admiral (RAdm) ( contre-amiral or CAm in French ) is the Navy rank equivalent to major-general of the Army and Air Force . A rear-admiral is a flag officer , the naval equivalent of a general officer . A rear-admiral
434-446: The approximate position of the South magnetic pole , and landed on Débarquement Rock in the Géologie Archipelago , ( 66°36′19″S 140°4′0″E / 66.60528°S 140.06667°E / -66.60528; 140.06667 ) just 4 km from the mainland, where he took mineral and animal samples. On his return to France in 1840 he was made rear admiral . Jean-Baptiste Charcot
465-568: The coastline). On their return trip from Antarctica, a party was briefly landed on 3 March 1949 on Sabrina Island , one of the Balleny Islands . The expedition also visited the newly-established Australian base of Macquarie Island , where they made a depot of 7,000 L fuel. André-Frank Liotard returned to Adélie Land in 1949–1951, again aboard Commandant Charcot . Eleven of the expedition party and 28 dogs were put ashore, and Port Martin Station
496-462: The cuff and, since June 2010, above it a narrower strip of gold braid embellished with the executive curl. On the visor of the service cap are two rows of gold oak leaves. A rear admiral in the Pakistani Navy is a senior and two-star rank naval officer, appointed in higher naval commands. Like most Commonwealth navies, the rear admiral rank is superior to commodore and captain. However, the rank
527-475: The expedition. The name "Pavie" was given in 1909 to an island, or possible cape, shown on the expedition's maps at 68°27′S 66°40′W / 68.450°S 66.667°W / -68.450; -66.667 . Viewed from a position some 15 to 17 miles southeast of Jenny Island, expedition surveyor Maurice Bongrain made sketches of this feature which were labeled both "Île Pavie" and "Cap Pavie". The area later became known as Pavie Ridge . Adelaide Island
558-570: The four pointed Order of the Bath stars used by the army (which are often referred to as "pips"). Prior to 1995, the RAN shoulder board was identical to the Royal Navy shoulder board. The Royal Navy shoulder board changed again in 2001 and the Australian and UK shoulder boards are now identical except for the word "Australia". Rear Admiral Robyn Walker AM , RAN became the first female admiral in
589-453: The group, who had died of a stroke off South Africa as the expedition was en route to the Antarctic. On 6 January 1951 the base team was relieved by 17-member team under the leadership of Michel Barré [ fr ] . Over the following year they enlarged the main building while continuing the research program. They, in turn, were relieved on 4 January 1952 while a smaller team of seven, led by Mario Marret [ fr ] , built
620-617: The leadership of Mario Marret. They were relieved in early 1953. This marks the end of French winterings in Adélie Land before the permanent Dumont d'Urville Station was established in 1956 on Petrel Island , replacing the old base built there in 1952. The French Polar Expeditions , which have carried out logistics in Adélie Land as of 1948, have adopted a numbering that leaves out Jean-Baptiste Charcot 's two voyages of exploration because they do not concern Adélie Land. Thus, they refer to
651-460: The leadership of René Garcia; the other in a hut to be erected in the Géologie Archipelago , some 65 km to the west of Port Martin, where an Emperor penguin rookery had been discovered by the 1949–1951 expedition. A fire destroyed Port Martin on 23 January 1952 on the eve the ship Tottan left, and the expedition main party had to re-embark. A small group of seven men decided however to be put ashore at Pointe Géologie , where they wintered under
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#1733086309831682-681: The legendary corvette ARA Uruguay . Within a year of returning from the Second Expedition, Charcot commanded a new expedition from 1908 to 1911. Sailing on the ship Pourquoi-Pas? IV (Why Not? IV), the expedition explored the Bellingshausen Sea , the Amundsen Sea , and discovered, charted and named several features. Loubet Land was named for Émile Loubet , the President of France during Charcot's earlier expedition. Charcot Island
713-630: The site has remained largely undisturbed. What remains in Port-Martin are the base's ancillary buildings, including a weather shelter and its coal and supply sheds, beneath a covering of snow. It represents an optimal site to design archeological methods and techniques in extreme climatic conditions. It is considered a valuable archaeological as well as a historic site and is protected under the Antarctic Treaty System as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.166. It has also been designated
744-565: Was appointed leader of a 1904–1907 French Antarctic Expedition, aboard the ship Français , exploring the west coast of Graham Land portion of the Antarctic Peninsula . The expedition reached Adelaide Island in 1905 and took pictures of the Palmer Archipelago and Loubet Coast . They roughly surveyed, the SW coast of Anvers Island in 1904. They gave the name "Presqu'ile de Biscoe" to
775-588: Was changed in 1960 to avoid confusion with nearby Nansen Island , so named in 1898 by a Belgian expedition . Bonaparte Point ( 64°47′S 64°05′W / 64.783°S 64.083°W / -64.783; -64.083 ) was charted and named for Prince Roland Bonaparte , then President of the Paris Geographical Society . Logistics support for this expedition was provided by the Argentine Navy ( Armada de la República Argentina ), employing
806-465: Was established some 60 km to the west of Cape Denison where Douglas Mawson had wintered 40 years before. The party spent a full year doing weather and astronomical research. The expedition charted and named Français Glacier Tongue , Ionosphere Bay and Parasite Bay , among others. In 1950–1952, Michel Barré led a party of seventeen that wintered at Port Martin . Two parties were planned to winter in Adélie Land in 1952: one in Port Martin under
837-506: Was first charted by the expedition and named after Charles Rabot . They mapped Watkins Island but did not name it. They also charted Arthur Harbour . Mount Francais ( 64°38′S 63°27′W / 64.633°S 63.450°W / -64.633; -63.450 ) in the Trojan Range was named after the expedition ship Français . Lavoisier Island was named 'Ile Nansen' after Fridtjof Nansen , Norwegian Arctic explorer. The name
868-526: Was first seen and roughly mapped in 1910 by the expedition. This aborted expedition was led by André-Frank Liotard in 1948–1949. With a total of 62 members, 30 dogs, and 200 tons of equipment aboard Commandant Charcot , it was planned to leave a party of eleven in Adélie Land , where a base was to be constructed. But, with heavy ice pack in February 1949, the ship could never reach the Antarctic coast (southernmost point: latitude 66°11', an estimated 45 miles from
899-558: Was first seen from a distance in 1909, but it was not recognised as a bay. The Mikkelsen Islands were named after Otto Mikkelsen, a Norwegian diver who inspected the damaged hull of the Pourquoi-Pas at Deception Island . Marguerite Bay was discovered in 1909 and Charcot named the bay after his wife. Jenny Island , in Marguerite Bay, was discovered and named by Charcot for the wife of Sub-Lieutenant Maurice Bongrain, second officer of
930-582: Was first surveyed by the expedition. They also discovered Millerand Island , which was likely named for Alexandre Millerand , French statesman. Douglas Range was seen from a distance. Rothschild Island was named after Baron Edouard Alphonse de Rothschild (1868–1949), head of the French branch of the Rothschild family and president of the Rothschild Brothers bank. The northern portion of Wilkins Sound
961-604: Was named for the Captain himself. The expedition moored aboard ship in a cove on the southeast side of Petermann Island , which they named Port Circumcision because it was spotted 1 January 1909, the traditional day for the Feast of the Circumcision . Renaud Island was first charted and named. Fallieres Coast was first explored in January 1909, and Charcot named for Clément Armand Fallières , then President of France. Mikkelsen Bay