84-662: Maharana Pratap Sagar , also known as Pong Reservoir or Pong Dam Lake is a large reservoir in Fatehpur, Jawali and Dehra tehsil of Kangra district of the state of Himachal Pradesh in India . It was created in 1975, by building the highest earthfill dam in India on the Beas River in the wetland zone of the Siwalik Hills . Named in the honour of Maharana Pratap (1540–1597), the reservoir or
168-670: A 66 MW Francis turbine -generator located inside the Bhatoli phakorian. The dam's elevation to the power house provides a maximum of 95.1 m (312 ft) in hydraulic head . The large reservoir created by this dam resulted in a major displacement of people from the state of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 90,702 people were displaced and 339 villages affected. The displaced people were to be resettled in Rajasthan. However, as of February 2014, 9732 requests for land allotment were still pending. Himachal Pradesh threatened Rajasthan that they will file
252-679: A Presidential reference on Punjab Termination of Agreements Act, 2004 is pending before the Honorable Supreme Court . Hence, the further hearings of the Tribunal and its final report are now enjoined on the outcome of the Supreme Court hearing of the Presidential reference. The presently incomplete SYL link canal , to connect the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers to transfer Haryana's share of water,
336-633: A bed slope of 366 feet per mile (69.3 m/km), from its source at Trilokinath to its confluence with the Ravi. This valley was also exploited for its forest wealth during the English period. Another major tributary that joins the Ravi River, just below Bharmour, the old capital of Chamba, is the Seul River from the northern direction. The valley formed by the river was also exploited for its rich timber trees. However,
420-611: A cluster of ancient temples located 7 km from Jawali , a tehsil of Kangra district, which remain completely submerged in the waters of the reservoir for eight months of the year but emerge during March–June due to lower water level in these months. A regional water-sports centre has been established in the Pong Dam Reservoir, which offers focused activities such as canoeing, rowing, sailing, and water skiing, apart from swimming. Training programmes are organized in water safety and rescue measures with three-tier water-sports courses:
504-524: A contempt of court in Supreme Court if land is not allotted. Ravi River 30°35′N 71°49′E / 30.583°N 71.817°E / 30.583; 71.817 The Ravi River ( / ˈ r ɑː v i / ) is a transboundary river crossing northwestern India and eastern Pakistan . It is one of five rivers associated with the Punjab region . Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960,
588-556: A counterclaim to the exclusive claims of Punjab, Haryana claims that a small part of Haryana state lying north in Panchkula district is part of the Sutlej river basin area in addition to Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in India. Thus Haryana claims to be a riparian state of the Indus river basin. Following the reorganisation of the state of Punjab in 1966, Haryana State was created. This was followed by
672-510: A directive of the Government of India , planning for the development of the Ravi and Beas rivers was initiated concurrently with the treaty negotiations, which involved four riparian states of Punjab, PEPSU (this was merged with Punjab and subsequently Punjab was divided, and additionally the Haryana state was created), Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) within the ambit of
756-604: A length of 720 kilometres (450 mi). Flowing westward, it is hemmed by the Pir Panjal and Dhauladhar ranges, forming a triangular zone. The Ravi River originates in the Himalayas in the Multhan tehsil of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It follows a north-westerly course and is a perennial river. It is the smallest of the five Punjab rivers that rise from glacier fields at an elevation of 14,000 feet (4,300 m), on
840-404: A major increase from the average annual count of 18,887 for the period 1988–1995. The main bird species reported are the bar-headed goose ( Anser indicus ) , northern lapwing , ruddy shelduck , northern pintail , common teal , Indian spot-billed duck , Eurasian coot , red-necked grebe , black-headed gulls , plovers , black stork , terns , water-fowl and egrets . The avian habitats in
924-502: A north–south direction until Largi, from where it turns sharply at nearly a right angle and flows in a westerly direction up to the Pong Dam. The river traverses a total length of about 116 km (72 mi) from the source to the Pong Dam. The reservoir drains a catchment area of 12,561 km (4,850 sq mi), out of which the permanent snow catchment is 780 km (301 sq mi). Monsoon rainfall between July and September
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#17330859924621008-530: A notification by the Government of India dated 24 March 1976 allocating the surplus waters between Punjab and Haryana in due consideration of the powers conferred by Sub Section (I) of Section 78 of the Punjab Reorganization Act, 1966 (31 of 1966). The allocation was challenged in the Supreme Court by Haryana. A tripartite agreement followed on 31 December 1981, based on the revised mean annual flows from
1092-579: A period of 20 years (between 1972–1973 and 1991–1993), the river coursing along the India–Pakistan border meanders substantially in the alluvial plains of the Amritsar, Pathankot, and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab. This has resulted in successive damage in India as a result of the river changing its course towards India. The reason attributed to this change in the course of the river is massive river training structures/bunds constructed by Pakistan in its part of
1176-462: A scarcity of boats for tourism and a dearth of berthing facilities. Locals have been demanding a water sports centre at Dehra for decades. Centuries old traditional wooden boats are still made by some families in Dehra, though the number of such craftsmen is decreasing. The following protection measures have enabled preservation of the reservoir ecosystem . Pong Dam The Pong Dam , also known as
1260-475: A secondary source for pollution of the river water, even though some control over unauthorised discharges into the river have been checked. Hence, measures to check metal re-mobilization from sediments into the river flows need attention. The worst affected drainage is the Hadharaam drain, a tributary of the Ravi River. It is also a trans-border problem involving both India and Pakistan. A UNDP funded special programme
1344-409: A storage dam on the Ravi River was initially planned in 1912, envisaging a 61 metres (200 ft) high dam. A committee later conducted a survey of the area, but it was not until 1954 that geologists fully inspected the project area. In 1957, a storage Dam was proposed on the Ravi River for irrigation purposes only. The power generation aspect was not considered then. It was only in 1964 that the project
1428-520: Is 11.52 million acre-feet (14.21 cubic kilometres) (MAF) out of which 6.971 MAF is available upstream of Madhopur headworks . Most of the water generated below the Madhopur headworks (4.549 MAF) is flowing into Pakistan from India. On the Ravi River, the earliest project built was the Madhopur Headworks , in 1902. It is a run-of-the river project (no storage envisaged) to divert flows through
1512-678: Is U-shaped with a river bed scattered with boulders and glacial morainic deposits. The main Ravi River flows through the base of Dalhousie hill, past the Chamba town. It is at an elevation of 856 metres (2,807 ft) (where a long wooden bridge existed to cross the Ravi River). It flows into the south-west, near Dalhousie , and then cuts a gorge in the Dhauladhar Range, before entering the Punjab plain near Madhopur and Pathankot . It then flows along
1596-399: Is a major source of water supply into the reservoir, apart from snow and glacier melt. The project area experiences hot summers, with maximum temperature of 40 °C (104 °F), with hot and humid climate. Winters are fairly cold and mostly dry. The dam acts as a sponge for flood flows, and reservoir regulation prevents the inundation of surrounding upland areas from routine flooding during
1680-420: Is active (live) capacity. The reservoir has a normal elevation of 426.72 m (1,400 ft) and catchment area of 12,560 km (4,849 sq mi). The reservoir reaches from the dam to 41.8 km (26 mi) upstream in length and covers a surface of 260 km (100 sq mi). Located at the base of the dam is its power house. It is supplied with water via three penstocks which each meet
1764-635: Is also formed by another major tributary that joins the Seul River, the Baira-Nalla. Its sub-basin is in the Chamba district, located above Tissa. Baira drains the southern slopes of the Pir Panjal Range . The valley has an elevation variation between 5,321 and 2,693 metres (17,457 and 8,835 ft). Tant Gari is another small tributary that rises from the subsidiary hill ranges of the Pir Panjal Range east of Bharmour. The valley formed by this stream
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#17330859924621848-466: Is also provided with drinking water supply. The water-quality parameters recorded for the reservoir are: Pong Dam Lake was declared a Ramsar Wetland site on account of its rich waterfowl diversity for conservation and sustainable use of the wetland. This recognition was based on a proposal formulated by the Himachal State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, Shimla submitted to
1932-734: Is an integral part of the Indus River Basin and forms the headwaters of the Indus basin. The waters of the Ravi River drain into the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean) through the Indus River in Pakistan. The river rises in the Bara Bhangal, Kangra District in Himachal Pradesh , India. The river drains a total catchment area of 14,442 square kilometres (5,576 sq mi) in India after flowing for
2016-662: Is bounded by the rugged Dhauladhar mountain range, the low foothills of the Himalaya on the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic plains , and the mountain streams cutting through valleys. The Beas River , on which the Pong Dam is located, is one of the five major rivers of the Indus basin. The river flows from the Beas Kund near Rohtang Pass , in the upper Himalayas, and traverses generally in
2100-399: Is discharged through a gated chute spillway ( pictured ) located on the left abutment of the dam. The confirmed ruling features of the dam are detailed below: The hydro-power plant located downstream, on the right side of the spillway structure, was initially planned for an installed capacity of 360 megawatts (480,000 hp), with six generating units: 6x60 megawatts (80,000 hp). This
2184-503: Is now stuck in a dispute in the Supreme Court of India due to objections by Punjab. Punjab is contemplating to construct 206 MW Shahpurkandi dam project hydro electric project on the Ravi River between Ranjitsagar dam and Madhopur head works. This stretch of the river is forming boundary between J & K state and Punjab state. Since Punjab had unilaterally exited from the earlier water sharing agreements, J & K state refused
2268-436: Is stated to give to each female mahseer to breed at least once before being caught. Mahseer angling in the Pong Dam reservoir is said to be the only one of its kind in the country. The reservoir was declared as a bird sanctuary in 1983. A 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) belt from the periphery of the lake has been declared as buffer zone for the management of the bird sanctuary. The national, as well as international, significance of
2352-548: The Beas Dam , is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Beas River in the state of Himachal Pradesh , India, just upstream of Talwara . The purpose of the dam is water storage for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. As the second phase of the Beas Project, construction on the dam began in 1961 and was completed in 1974. At the time of its completion, the Pong Dam was the tallest of its type in India. The lake created by
2436-454: The Beas River as it enters the plains at Talwara , also called as another temple of modern India . It is an earth core gravel shell dam of 435 ft (132.6 m) height above the deepest foundation, and it is the highest earthfill dam in India. The reservoir or the lake has a storage capacity of 8,570 million cubic metres (303 billion cubic feet). The designed maximum flood discharge of 437,000 cu ft/s (12,400 m/s)
2520-478: The Indus Waters Treaty , signed by India and Pakistan. Within India, the river is under the jurisdiction of the riparian states of Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir, and Himachal, and non-riparian states of Haryana, and Rajasthan, but the management is presided by the Supreme Court of India and the Ravi Beas Tribunal, set up in 1986 for the purpose. The annual flow in India up to the final crossing point in Pakistan
2604-521: The Kangra railway line, which connects Pathankot to Jogindernagar . The reservoir is connected by a good network of roads to major cities in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab . Distance from the main cities Apart from the airports at Chandigrah and Amritsar which are far off, the closest airport to the reservoir is Pathankot and Gaggal. Maharana Pratap Lake to Bharmar Distance 12 km. The reservoir
Maharana Pratap Sagar - Misplaced Pages Continue
2688-517: The Upper Bari Doab Canal (also known as Central Bari Doab Canal) to provide irrigation in the command area of the then unified India. Government of India has assessed the pre-partition use in India (Punjab) at 1.821 cubic kilometres (1,476,000 acre⋅ft). Prior to partition, it irrigated 335,000 hectares of land in Gurdaspur , Amritsar and Lahore districts. The hydropower potential of
2772-659: The Budhil and Nai or Dhona join 64 kilometres (40 mi) downstream from its source. The Budhil River rises in Lahul range of hills and is sourced from the Manimahesh Kailash Peak and the Manimahesh Lake , at an elevation of 4,080 metres (13,390 ft), and both are Hindu pilgrimage sites. The entire length of Budhil is 72 kilometres (45 mi) where it has a bed slope of 314 feet per mile (59.5 m/km). It flows through
2856-607: The Chamera-II of 300 MW capacity in the upstream of Chamera-I commissioned in 2004. The major multipurpose project ( irrigation , hydropower , flood control , development of fisheries , tourism and so forth) built on the river is the Ranjit Sagar Dam (also known as Thein dam as it is in Thein village). The left bank is in Punjab and the right bank is in Jammu and Kashmir. It is located on
2940-695: The Indo–Pak border for 80 kilometres (50 mi) before entering Pakistan and joining the Chenab River . The total length of the river is about 725 kilometres (450 mi). The Ujh River is another major tributary of the Ravi River. Its source is in the Kailash mountains at an elevation of 4,300 metres (14,100 ft), close to the Bhaderwah Mountains in the Jammu district. After flowing for 100 kilometres (62 mi), it joins Ravi at Nainkot in Pakistan. As
3024-706: The Indus river system were allocated river wise, with certain stipulations, as per the Indus Water Treaty (1960), between India and Pakistan. India got exclusive use of the three eastern rivers (the Ravi , the Beas and the Satluj ) and Pakistan got the exclusive use of the three western rivers (the Indus , the Jhelum and the Chenab ). Following this treaty, India prepared a master plan to utilize
3108-677: The Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab together with three eastern rivers: the Sutlej , the Beas, and the Ravi. To establish the ownership of these waters, Indus Water Treaty was signed between India and Pakistan on 1 April 1960, under the monitoring of the World Bank. The treaty, under Article 5.1, envisages the sharing of waters of the rivers Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, Jhelum, and Chenab which join the Indus River on its left bank (eastern side) in Pakistan. According to this treaty, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej, which constitute
3192-515: The Pong Dam Wetlands. The interception of the migratory birds on their trans-Himalayan fly path, during each migration season, has enriched the biodiversity values of the reservoir. The Pong reservoir and its catchment have the following rich flora and fauna. The reservoir peripheral land area has mixed perennial and deciduous pine forests on hills. Eucalyptus trees have also been grown in the area. The forest growth provides enough sustenance to
3276-464: The Pong Dam reservoir and its tributaries. Before the reservoir was built, catfishes , mirror carps and a few coarse fish were the dominant fish fauna in the Beas River. With the emergence of the reservoir, commercial fishing was encouraged as an important programme not only to provide employment to about 1500 fishermen but also to promote the eco-tourism potential. A planned operation of fish stocking
3360-512: The Pong site and an embankment design was recommended. In 1959, extensive studies were carried out and recommended an embankment dam with a gravity section. A final design was issued and construction began in 1961 on the dam which was called Beas Project Unit II - Beas Dam. The Pandoh Dam 140 km (87 mi) upstream being the Beas Project Unit I. It was completed in 1974 and the power station
3444-575: The Ramsar Bureau, Switzerland through the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests of the Government of India . The large reservoir and its strategic location in the extreme north-west of the northern plains has attracted migratory birds from the plains of India and Central Asian countries and Siberia . More than 220 bird species of 54 families have been recorded. The two-day waterfowl census, which ended on 1 Feb 2015, recorded over 130,000 birds in
Maharana Pratap Sagar - Misplaced Pages Continue
3528-411: The Ravi River from Lahore Siphon to Baloki headworks indicates heavy contamination of the water and sediment with Cd, Cr, Pt, and Cu. Recent reports suggest that the river stands as the most contaminated globally, with pharmaceutical residues such as paracetamol, nicotine, caffeine, and medications for epilepsy and diabetes detected in its waters. The river sediments are highly contaminated and have become
3612-634: The Ravi River system has been assessed at 2294 MW, of which only 1638 MW has been harnessed cumulatively, thus leaving 656 MW wasted opportunity. The hydropower potential developed since the 1980s is through the installation of the Baira Suil Hydroelectric Power Project of 198 MW capacity, the Chamera-I of 540 MW capacity commissioned in 1994, the Ranjitsagar Multipurpose Project of 600 MW capacity completed in 1999 and
3696-644: The Ravi River was known as Irāvatī ( Sanskrit : इरावती ). The Ravi was known as Purushni or Irawati to Indians in Vedic times and as Hydraotes ( Ancient Greek : 'ϒδραώτης ) and Hyarotis (Ὑαρῶτις) to the Ancient Greeks. Part of the Battle of the Ten Kings was fought on a river, which according to Yaska (Nirukta 9.26) refers to the Ravi river at Punjab . The Ravi River, a transboundary river of India and Pakistan,
3780-676: The Ravi flows past Lahore in Pakistan (26 kilometres (16 mi) below Amritsar in India) it is called "The river of Lahore" since that city is on its eastern bank. After passing through Lahore the river takes a turn at Kamalia and then debouches into the Chenab River, south of the town of Ahmadpur Sial. On its western bank is the town of Shahdara Bagh with the Tomb of Jahangir and the Tomb of Noor Jahan . According to satellite imagery studies carried out over
3864-432: The Shiromani Akali Dal, on 24 July 1985. This accord stipulated that The farmers of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan will continue to get water not less than what they are using from the Ravi Beas system as on 1.7.1985. Waters used for consumptive purposes will also remain unaffected. Quantum of usage claimed shall be verified by the Tribunal referred to in paragraph 9.2 below. 9.2 The claim of Punjab and Haryana regarding
3948-403: The above accord, Ravi & Beas Waters Tribunal (RBWT) came to be set up in April 1986, in pursuance of paragraphs 9.1 & 9.2 of Punjab Settlement (Rajiv-Longowal Accord, 1985) inter-alia to adjudicate the claims of Punjab and Haryana in Ravi-Beas waters. The Terms of Reference were set and also the time for submission of the report. The Tribunal submitted its report on 30 January 1987. However,
4032-429: The already developed Bhakra Nangal Dam project on the Sutlej River. A review of the flows in the two river systems revealed that prior to the partition of the country and up to the time of the signing of the Indus Treaty, 3.86 cubic kilometres (3,130,000 acre⋅ft) of water was used by major irrigation systems such as the Upper Bari Doab Canal System (1959) and the Lower Bari Doab Canal System (1915). The unused flow in
4116-431: The ancient capital of Bharmwar, now known as Bharmour in Himachal Pradesh. During 1858–1860, the Raja of Bharmour had considered the Budhil valley as an excellent source of Deodar trees for supply to the British Raj . However, a part of the forest surrounding the temple was considered sacred and declared a reserved area. The second tributary, the Nai, rises at Kali Debi pass, and flows for 48 kilometres (30 mi), with
4200-448: The basic course, intermediate course, and advanced course. Modern infrastructure facilities have been created with a 75-bed hostel and a 10-suite rest house. It is said to be the only centre of its type in the country. The reservoir is also used for water sports at Dehra which lies on National Highway en route to Jwalamukhi Temple and Dharamshala, though nothing much is done by governments in the past. People can boat at Dehra although there's
4284-516: The dam is 35,500,000 m (46,432,247 cu yd) and its crest sits at an elevation of 435.86 m (1,430 ft) above sea level. The dam's spillway is located on its southern bank and is a chute-type controlled by six radial gates . Its maximum discharge capacity is 12,375 m /s (437,019 cu ft/s). The reservoir created by the dam, Maharana Pratap Sagar , has a gross capacity of 8,570,000,000 m (6,947,812 acre⋅ft) of which 7,290,000,000 m (5,910,099 acre⋅ft)
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#17330859924624368-421: The dam, Maharana Pratap Sagar , became a renowned bird sanctuary. The idea for a dam on the Beas at the Pong site was first proposed in 1926 and subsequent surveys of the Indus River and its tributaries were ordered by the Punjab Government in 1927. Interest in the dam declined after the report deemed the project difficult because of flood waters. In 1955, geological and hydrological studies were carried out on
4452-406: The eastern rivers, are allocated for exclusive use by India before they enter Pakistan. However, a transition period of 10 years was permitted in which India was bound to supply water to Pakistan from these rivers until Pakistan was able to build the canal system for utilisation of waters of Jhelum, Chenab, and the Indus itself, allocated to it under the treaty. Similarly, Pakistan has exclusive use of
4536-500: The flow series of 1921–60 assessed as 25.36 cubic kilometres (20,560,000 acre⋅ft)—including preparation use of 3.86 cubic kilometres (3,130,000 acre⋅ft) and transit losses in the Madhopur Beas Link of 260,000 acre-feet (0.32 km )—vis-a-vis the figure of 19.55 cubic kilometres (15,850,000 acre⋅ft) assessed in earlier allocation, which was based on the flow series of 1921–45. The revised assessed surplus supplies of 17,170,000 acre-feet (21.18 km ) (from flow and storage)
4620-423: The lake is a well-known wildlife sanctuary and one of the 49 international wetland sites declared in India by the Ramsar Convention . The reservoir covers an area of 24,529 hectares (60,610 acres), and the wetlands portion is 15,662 hectares (38,700 acres). The Pong Reservoir and Gobindsagar Reservoir are the two most important fishing reservoirs in the Himalayan foothills of Himachal Pradesh. These reservoirs are
4704-423: The leading sources of fish within the Himalayan states. Several towns and villages were submerged in the reservoir and many families were displaced as a result. The closest railway stations to the project are Mukerian , at 30 km (18.6 mi), and Pathankot , at 32 km (19.9 mi). Nagrota Surian and Jawali , located on the periphery of the reservoir, are connected by a narrow gauge railway line, on
4788-408: The lower reaches are in Pakistan. Following the partition of India in August 1947, a dispute arose between India and Pakistan on sharing of the waters of the Indus River Basin . The dispute was resolved with the intervention of the World Bank and a treaty was signed in 1960 on sharing of the Indus waters between India and Pakistan. The Indus system of rivers comprises the three Western rivers in
4872-422: The main stem of the Ravi River, about 24 kilometres (15 mi) upstream of Madhopur Headworks (built during pre-partition time). The project is an outcome of the development plan conceived for the use of the waters of three eastern rivers allocated to India under the Indus Treaty, namely the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi, for irrigation, hydropower generation and other consumptive uses. A proposal for building
4956-599: The migratory birds. The tree species of the forest area are acacia , jamun , shisham , mango , mulberry , ficus , kachanar, amla and prunus . A variety of shrubs, grasses and climbers have also been reported. The reservoir seasonal water-level variation between the maximum water level and the minimum draw-down level does not permit growth of much emergent vegetation, but some amount of submerged vegetation has been noticed. A wide variety of commercially viable fish, 27 species of 5 families, such as mahseer , catla , mirror carp , singhara (native) and others are recorded in
5040-408: The monsoon season. The reservoir stretch is 42 km long (26 mi) with a maximum width of 19 km (11.8 mi), and with a mean depth of 35.7 m (117 ft). While the surface water temperature varies between 22.2–25.1 °C (72.0–77.2 °F), the incoming river water has a temperature range of 6–26 °C (42.8–78.8 °F). Subsequent to the partition of India , the waters of
5124-562: The project construction. Also J & K state is going ahead with the construction of Ravi canal originating from Basantpur to irrigate 54,000 hectares (133,000 acres) of land in Jammu region. This canal would draw river water by pumping the water released downstream from the Rangitsagar reservoir for which J & K state is not required to take consent from Punjab as it is not bound by earlier river water sharing agreements. Transfer of surplus water from one basin to another, termed as interbasin water transfer has been effectively implemented on
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#17330859924625208-437: The region, has shown a marked growth in catch of mahseer fish, recording 20% of the total catch during 1999–2000 with the average size of the fish ranging from 1.5–1.7 kg (3.3–3.7 lb). This is attributed to the change in the Himachal Pradesh (HP) Fishing Rules, with an added clause which specifies the minimum catchable size for mahseer as 300–500 mm (10–20 in) or approximately 1.2 kg (2.6 lb). That rule
5292-407: The report was contested as Rajasthan also moved an application "seeking explanation and guidance regarding the report of this Ravi Beas waters Tribunal, 1987". The Tribunal is further examining the matter. It is yet to submit its further report to the Government on the pleas submitted by the party States and the Central Government also seeking explanation/guidance on its earlier report. In the meantime,
5376-438: The requirements projected by the partner states. The operation manuals titled "Designer's Criteria for the Operation, Maintenance and Observation" for the Bhakra, Pong & Pando reservoirs, duly updated as required, provide the guiding rules for the efficient integrated operation of the reservoirs. The two reservoirs supply irrigation and drinking water to Punjab , Haryana , Rajasthan , Delhi and Chandigarh . Himachal Pradesh
5460-510: The reservoir area are categorized under the following heads: Around five thousand tourists visit the bird sanctuary during the winter season, and most of them come to watch migratory birds for the first time. Efforts are being made to encourage eco-tourism to attract more tourists to the reservoir. The periphery above the water surface area of the reservoir has recorded fauna species such as barking deer , sambar , wild boars, leopards and oriental small-clawed otters . The Bathu Temples are
5544-414: The reservoir during the summer and rainy season, after meeting with the irrigation requirements of the partner states, is released in a regulated manner during lean periods, in a fixed schedule of Filling Period–Depletion Period for both the reservoirs. The filling and depletion period for A technical committee of the Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB) authorizes the monthly releases appropriately honouring
5628-412: The river basin, which has a large number of terraces between Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges , is attributed to the truly Himalayan characteristics of the river reflecting the " cis-Himalayan tectonic ; structural, lithological and climatic conditions. Obviously it is different from the antecedent Indus and Sutlej". The upper reaches of the main Indus River and its tributaries lie in India whereas
5712-497: The river, close to the old course of the river. The shift in the course of the river is reported to be 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) towards India. In the transboundary Ravi River flowing from India to Pakistan, in urban areas of Lahore the pollution levels in the river discharge are reportedly very high, which is attributed to careless disposal of large amount of industrial and agricultural wastewater and faulty drainage systems in both countries. A 72-kilometre (45 mi) stretch of
5796-506: The rivers rather than sharing of their waters. Under this treaty, the two countries also agreed to exchange data and co-operate in matters related to the treaty. For this purpose, the treaty envisaged the creation of the Permanent Indus Commission , with a commissioner appointed by each country. The Indus Waters Treaty is the only international treaty that has been implemented over the last 60 years with due diligence and sincerity by both India and Pakistan, in spite of many wars fought between
5880-426: The sanctuary is enhanced because of its waterfowl diversity, which was evidenced by the increase of water fowl species from 39 prior to the reservoir to 54 species at post-reservoir stage. The number of birds reported, particularly during the winter period of November to March, has steadily increased over the years. The recent records indicate a water fowl count of 130,000 in 2004 and 142,000 during 2005 migratory birds –
5964-444: The shares in their remaining waters shall be referred for adjudication to a Tribunal to be presided over by Supreme Court Judge. The decision of this Tribunal will be rendered within six months and would be binding on both parties. All legal and constitutional steps in this respect to be taken expeditiously; 9.3 The construction of Sutlej Yamuna Link (S.Y.L.) canal shall continue. The canal shall be completed by August 1986. Following
6048-465: The southern side of the Mid Himalayas. It flows through Barabhangal, Bara Bansu, and Chamba districts . It flows in rapids in its initial reaches with boulders seen scattered in the bed of the river. The Ravi River in this reach flows in a gorge with a river bed slope of 183 feet per mile (34.7 m/km) and is mostly fed by snowmelt, as this region lies in a rain shadow . Two of its major tributaries,
6132-448: The two countries (the treaty was not revoked either by India or Pakistan during the 1965 or the 1971 war). Even prior to the partition of India in August 1947, India had developed projects on the river Ravi and Beas River system. When the treaty was under debate, India had taken advance action to develop the three rivers, which were eventually allocated to it under the treaty. According to
6216-508: The two river systems was assessed at 19.22 cubic kilometres (15,580,000 acre⋅ft), which was planned to be developed by the four states of J&K, PEPSU, Punjab and Rajasthan . However, with the merger of PEPSU with Punjab and subsequent bifurcation of Punjab into two states, a dispute arose on the allocation of Ravi and Beas waters for which a tribunal was set up under the Interstate River Water Disputes Act . As
6300-470: The valley has large terraces, which are very fertile and known as "the garden of Chamba". Crops grown here supply grains to the capital region and to Dalhousie town and its surrounding areas. One more major tributary that joins the Ravi River near Basohli (J&K) is the Seva. This river was also exploited for its forest resources, (controlled by the then Raja of Chamba) originating from the Jammu region. The valley
6384-613: The waters of 3 rivers which came to its share. and the Bhakra Dam was constructed across Satluj River. Then, the Beas River was tapped in two stages, with the Pong Dam forming the second stage development. Ravi River has also been developed through the Ranjit Sagar Dam Project or Thein Dam. All three river developments are multipurpose in nature involving irrigation, water supply and hydropower generation. The Beas Dam has been built on
6468-516: The waters of the Ravi and two other rivers ( Sutlej and Beas River ) were allocated to India. Subsequently, the Indus Basin Project was developed in Pakistan, which transfers waters from western rivers of the Indus system to replenish the portion of the Ravi River lying in that country. Many inter-basin water transfers, irrigation , hydropower and multipurpose projects have been built in India. According to ancient history traced to Vedas ,
6552-412: The western rivers Jhelum, Chenab, and Indus but with some stipulations for the development of projects on these rivers in India. Pakistan also received one-time financial compensation for the loss of water from the eastern rivers. Since 31 March 1970, after the 10-year moratorium, India has secured full rights for use of the waters of the three rivers allocated to it. The treaty resulted in partitioning of
6636-469: Was allocated as: Share of Punjab 4.22 million acre-ft (MAF); Share of Haryana 3.50 MAF; Share of Rajasthan 8.60 MAF; Quantity earmarked for Delhi Water supply 0.20 MAF; Share of Jammu & Kashmir 0.65MAF with some specific provisions. However, the legality of this agreement was challenged by Punjab. This was followed by the Punjab accord signed by the then Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi and Sant Harchand Singh Longowal , President of
6720-508: Was conceived for multipurpose development and submitted to Government of India for approval. Finally, in April 1982, the project was approved for construction by the Government of India. The project, as built now, has a 160-metre (520 ft) high earth gravel shell dam with a gross irrigation potential of 348,000 hectares (860,000 acres) of land and power generation of 600 MW (4 units of 150 MW capacity each). The geomorpohological setting of
6804-423: Was later commissioned between 1978 and 1983. About 150,000 people were displaced by the dam's large reservoir under a poorly planned and executed relocation program. The Pong Dam is a 133 m (436 ft) tall and 1,951 m (6,401 ft) long earth-fill embankment dam with a gravel shell. It is 13.72 m (45 ft) wide at its crest and 610 m (2,001 ft) wide at its base. The total volume of
6888-453: Was later upgraded to 6x66 megawatts (89,000 hp), totalling a capacity of 396 megawatts (531,000 hp) as of 2012. Water from the reservoir is led into the power house through penstock pipes, each of 5.025-metre (16.5 ft) diameter. Reservoir operation is a crucial aspect since both Bhakra Dam and Pong Dam Projects necessitate their operation in an 'integrated manner' to achieve optimal benefits of irrigation and power. Water stored in
6972-404: Was launched in 2006 to address the issue in both countries. The northern portion surrounding the Ravi is the lifeline of many different flora, notably deodar , walnut , holly oak , mulberry , alder , edible pine , Himalayan cypress , chinar , Daphne papyracea , north Indian rosewood , olive , and Toxicodendron acuminatum . The waters of the Ravi River are allocated to India under
7056-605: Was launched with first introduction of common carp in 1974 and Indian major carps or silver carp in 1976–77. This resulted in a shift in the catch structure of the reservoir, with carps accounting for 61.8% of the total landings in 1987–88. The present fish stocks in the reservoir, in the sequence of their abundance are: 1) rohu , Aorichthys seenghala , 2) Labeo calbasu (native), 3) Tor putitora (Himalayan mahseer), 4) Cirrhinus mrigala , 5) Wallago attu , 6) Cyprinus carpio , 7) Labeo dero , 8) Catla catla and 9) Channa sp. The reservoir, unlike other reservoirs in
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