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35-622: Planting Peace is a nonprofit humanitarian organization founded for the purpose of "spreading peace in a hurting world". The organization specializes in diverse global causes, including orphanages in Haiti and India , international deworming efforts, rainforest preservation, and anti-bullying programs. In 2007 Planting Peace founder Aaron Jackson was honored as a CNN Hero for his relief efforts deworming millions of children in Haiti. In March 2013 Planting Peace gained international attention when they created

70-550: A GPS receiver, an APRS encoder, and a radio transmitter module. Other experimental payload modules include an Amateur Radio crossband repeater, and a digital camera , all of which is contained within an insulated foam box suspended below the balloon. A BalloonSat is a simple package designed to carry lightweight experiments into near space. They are a popular introduction to engineering principles in some high school and college courses. BalloonSats are carried as secondary payloads on ARHAB flights. One reason BalloonSats are simple

105-598: A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and converts it to a digital radio transmission. Other flights may use an analog beacon and are tracked using radio direction finding techniques. Long duration flights frequently must use high frequency custom-built transmitters and slow data protocols such as radioteletype (RTTY), Hellschreiber , Morse code , and PSK31 , to transmit data over great distances using little battery power. The use of amateur radio transmitters on an ARHAB flight requires an amateur radio license, but non-amateur radio transmitters are possible to use without

140-472: A high-altitude balloon. Geostationary balloon satellites ( GBS ) are proposed high-altitude balloons that would float in the mid- stratosphere (60,000 to 70,000 feet (18 to 21 km) above sea level) at a fixed point over the Earth's surface and thereby act as an atmospheric satellite . At those altitudes, air density is around 1/15 to 1/20 of what it is at sea level . The average wind speed at these levels

175-584: A license. In addition to the tracking equipment, other payload components may include sensors, data loggers, cameras, amateur television (ATV) transmitters or other scientific instruments. Some ARHAB flights carry a simplified payload package called BalloonSat . A typical ARHAB flight uses a standard latex weather balloon, lasts around 2–3 hours, and reaches 25–35 km (16–22 mi) in altitude. Experiments with zero-pressure balloons , superpressure balloons , and valved latex balloons have extended flight times to more than 24 hours. A zero-pressure flight by

210-612: A relief trip to Haiti, Jackson saw the poor living conditions of many of the country's children, and decided to open an orphanage for street children in Haiti. In 2004, they opened a home for seven children in Port-au-Prince . As of 2013, Planting Peace is operating four orphanages in Haiti and two in India. In 2005 Jackson began an effort to provide de-worming medicine to children in Haiti. As of 2013, Planting Peace has provided de-worming medicine to over 13 million children worldwide, including

245-466: Is a series of Canadian-based high-altitude balloon experiments by a group of Amateur Radio operators and experimenters from Sherwood Park and Edmonton, Alberta. The experiments started in the year 2000 and continued with BEAR-9 in 2012, reaching 36.010 km (22.376 mi). The balloons are made of latex filled with either helium or hydrogen . All of the BEAR payloads carry a tracking system comprising

280-455: Is an organization dedicated to distributing aid . Many professional aid organisations exist, both within government, between governments as multilateral donors and as private voluntary organizations or non-governmental organisations. The International Committee of the Red Cross is the world's second oldest humanitarian organisation and is unique in being mandated by international treaty to uphold

315-734: Is clean from government pressure and lobbyist money ( Roodman (2004), Knack (2001). With further research on donor failure when it comes to meeting YoY standards we can find whether or not donors give because of self-interest High-altitude balloon The most common type of high-altitude balloons are weather balloons . Other purposes include use as a platform for experiments in the upper atmosphere. Modern balloons generally contain electronic equipment such as radio transmitters , cameras , or satellite navigation systems, such as GPS receivers. Hobbyists frequently purchase weather balloons because of their ease of use, low price point, and widespread commoditisation. These balloons are launched into what

350-505: Is defined as " near space ", defined as the area of Earth's atmosphere between the Armstrong limit (18–19 km (11–12 mi) above sea level), where pressure falls to the point that a human being cannot survive without a pressurised suit, and the Kármán line (100 km (62 mi) above sea level ), where astrodynamics must take over from aerodynamics in order to maintain flight. Due to

385-475: Is known for extreme ideologies, especially those against gay people . It was headed by Fred Phelps and consists primarily of members of his family; in 2011, the church stated that it had about 40 members. The church is headquartered in a residential neighborhood on the west side of Topeka about three miles (5 km) west of the Kansas State Capitol . In March 2013 Planting Peace painted the house with

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420-452: Is less than that at the surface. A propulsion system would allow the balloon to move into and maintain its position. The GBS would be powered with solar panels. A GBS could be used to provide broadband Internet access over a large area. Laser broadband would connect the GBS to the network , which could then provide a large area of coverage because of its wider line of sight over the curvature of

455-858: Is part of a course taught by Space Grant at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Often the design of a BalloonSat is under weight and volume constraints. This encourages good engineering practices, introduces a challenge, and allows for the inclusion of many BalloonSats on an ARHAB flight. The airframe material is usually Styrofoam or Foamcore, as they are lightweight, easy to machine, and provide reasonably good insulation. Most carry sensors, data loggers and small cameras operated by timer circuits. Popular sensors include air temperature, relative humidity, tilt, and acceleration. Experiments carried inside BalloonSats have included such things as captive insects and food items. Before launch, most BalloonSats are required to undergo testing. These tests are designed to ensure

490-546: Is that they do not require the inclusion of tracking equipment; as secondary payloads, they already are being carried by tracking capsules. Space Grant started the BalloonSat program in August 2000. It was created as a hands-on way to introduce new science and engineering students interested in space studies to some fundamental engineering techniques, team working skills and the basics of space and Earth science. The BalloonSat program

525-404: Is the application of analog and digital amateur radio to weather balloons and was the name suggested by Ralph Wallio (amateur radio callsign W0RPK) for this hobby. Often referred to as "The Poor Man's Space Program", ARHAB allows amateurs to design functioning models of spacecraft and launch them into a space-like environment. Bill Brown (amateur radio callsign WB8ELK) is considered to have begun

560-649: The Dominican Republic , Republic of the Sudan , North Korea , and Haiti. In 2009, Planting Peace purchased 624 acres (253 ha) of rain forest land in Peru . The group has also planted over one million moringa tree seeds in Haiti as part of reforestation efforts. In 2012, Planting Peace purchased a home across the street from Westboro Baptist Church , an anti- LGBT hate group in Topeka, Kansas . The Westboro Baptist Church

595-971: The Geneva Conventions . The Sovereign Order of Malta , established in 1099 as the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, has an unbroken tradition of over 900 years of hospitaller activities, continuing to this day. Even in its modern guise under international law, it was recognized at the Congress of Verona of 1822, and since 1834 headquartered in Palazzo Malta in Rome, decades before the Red Cross . Aid can be subdivided into two categories: humanitarian aid (emergency relief efforts, e.g. in response to natural disasters), and development aid (or foreign aid ), aimed at helping countries to achieve long-term sustainable economic growth, with

630-658: The Mediterranean Sea . The flight lasted 57 hours and 2 minutes. It became the first successful U.S. transcontinental and the first successful transatlantic amateur radio high-altitude balloon. Since that time, a number of flights have circumnavigated the Earth using superpressure plastic film balloons. Each year in the United States, the Great Plains Super Launch (GPSL) hosts a large gathering of ARHAB groups. Balloon Experiments with Amateur Radio (BEAR)

665-568: The Spirit of Knoxville Balloon Program in March 2008 lasted over 40 hours and landed off the coast of Ireland, over 5,400 km (3,400 mi) from its launch point. On December 11, 2011, the California Near Space Project flight number CNSP-11 with the call sign K6RPT-11 launched a record-breaking flight traveling 6,236 mi (10,036 km) from San Jose, California , to a splashdown in

700-526: The BalloonSat crew can prepare the BalloonSat at the launch site. Besides conducting scientific activities, schools, influencers and other individuals have launched a wide variety of novelty payloads to the stratosphere with high-altitude balloons. These have included teddy bears, LEGO figurines, hamburgers, pizza, Cornish pasties , garlic bread , bacon and cans of beer. Japanese electronics manufacturer Toshiba attempted to record an advertisement in near space with an armchair and cameras tethered to

735-418: The BalloonSat will function properly and return science results. The tests include a cold soak, drop test, function test, and weighing. The cold soak test simulates the intense cold temperatures the BalloonSat will experience during its mission. A launch and landing can be traumatic, therefore the drop test requires the BalloonSat to hold together and still function after an abrupt drop. The function test verifies

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770-518: The Equality House, a rainbow-colored home located directly across the street from Westboro Baptist Church , an anti-LGBT group. In 2016, members of Planting Peace walked across Antarctica with a Pride flag in "a symbolic effort to declare full human rights for all lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people living in or visiting Antarctica." Planting Peace was founded in 2004 by American Aaron Jackson and Haitian John Louis Dieubon. While on

805-1080: The Soviet Osoaviakhim-1 at 22,000 m (22.0 km), and the American Explorer II at 22,066 m (22.1 km). Notable crewed high altitude balloon flights include three records set for highest skydive: Uncrewed high-altitude balloons are used as research balloons , for educational purposes, and by hobbyists. Common uses include meteorology, atmospheric and climate research, collection of imagery from near space, amateur radio applications, and submillimetre astronomy . High-altitude balloons have been considered for use in telecommunications and space tourism . Private companies such as Zero 2 Infinity , Space Perspective , Zephalto , and World View Enterprises are developing both crewed and uncrewed high-altitude balloons for scientific research, commercial purposes, and space tourism. High-altitude platform stations have been proposed for applications such as communications relays. In many countries,

840-674: The aim of achieving poverty reduction . Some aid agencies carry out both kinds of aid, whilst others specialise on one aspect. With a lack of oversight within the Charity realm, there are Non-development assistance committees, and development assistance committees. Within the last few decades DACs have been the main character in the research on the charity's effectiveness. Through vigorous study we will be looking into both forms of charity and there effectiveness based on five factors.( transparency, overhead costs, aid specialization, selective allocation, and effective delivery channels) to see which form of

875-565: The bureaucratic overhead required for high altitude balloon launches is minimal when the payload is below a certain weight threshold, typically on the order of a few kilograms. This makes the process of launching these small HABs accessible to many students and amateur groups. Despite their smaller size, these HABs still often ascend to (and past) altitudes on the order of 30,000 m (98,000 ft), providing easy stratospheric access for scientific and educational purposes. These amateur balloon flights are often informed in their operations by

910-521: The colors of the rainbow flag in tribute to the gay pride flag , and dubbed the Equality House , to "serve as the resource center for all Planting Peace anti-bullying initiatives and will stand as a visual reminder of our commitment, as global citizens, to equality for all". The house soon received international media attention from outlets such as Time magazine, The Washington Post , and Good Morning America , among others. Proceeds raised from

945-575: The committee is most effective. (Dreher & Fuchs, 2015;) explain that both companies apply most aid to their country of origin. Although DAC agencies have more refined and easy obtain records showing their reporting and the lowest overhead costs, they engage in much worse effective aid practices in the remaining four factors.( Brech & Potrafke, 2014; Dreher et al., 2009; Fleck & Kilby, 2010; Frot et al., 2014; Fuchs et al., 2014; Kuziemko & Werker, 2006; Maizels & Nissanke, 1984; Neumayer, 2003). All in all, both DAC and Non-DAC have flaws; neither

980-555: The first pride flag into space using a high-altitude balloon . They did so to declare space LGBTQ friendly. "The primary purpose of this declaration is to support the ongoing fight for the fundamental human rights of our LGBTQ family, moving us closer to a universal understanding that all people deserve to live freely and love freely without fear and discrimination," the Planting Peace website states. Humanitarian organization An aid agency , also known as development charity ,

1015-588: The ground station. Smaller packages called micro or pico trackers are also built and run under smaller balloons. These smaller trackers have used Morse code , Field Hell , and RTTY to transmit their locations and other data. The first recorded amateur radio high-altitude balloon launches took place in Finland by the Ilmari program on May 28, 1967, and in Germany in 1964. Amateur radio high-altitude ballooning ( ARHAB )

1050-661: The house go toward launching a national anti-bullying program, and The Equality House itself serves as a drop-in center and home for volunteers. In June 2013, a lesbian couple was married in front of the Equality House. The Westboro Baptist Church protested with signs, but the wedding progressed anyway. In April 2016, Planting Peace put up a billboard in Mississippi to protest a new state law which allowed individuals to deny service to LGBT members for religious reasons. The billboard depicted Jesus saying, "Guys, I said I hate figs and to love thy neighbor." In June, Planting Peace acquired

1085-468: The house next to the Equality House and painted it the colors of the transgender flag. This was done to further their support of the queer community. In July, the peace organization sponsored a billboard of presidential candidates Donald Trump and Ted Cruz poised to kiss. It was displayed in Cleveland, Ohio , leading up to the 2016 Republican National Convention . On August 17, 2016, Planting Peace sent

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1120-677: The low cost of GPS and communications equipment, high-altitude ballooning is a popular hobby , with organizations such as UKHAS assisting the development of payloads. In France during 1783, the first public experiment with hydrogen-filled balloons involved Jacques Charles , a French professor of physics, and the Robert brothers , renowned constructors of physics instruments. Charles provided large quantities of hydrogen , which had only been produced in small quantities previously, by mixing 540 kg (1,190 lb) of iron and 270 kg (600 lb) of sulfuric acid . The balloon took 5 days to fill and

1155-444: The modern ARHAB movement with his first launch of a balloon carrying an amateur radio transmitter on 15 August 1987. An ARHAB flight consists of a balloon, a recovery parachute, and a payload of one or more packages. The payload normally contains an amateur radio transmitter that permits tracking of the flight to its landing for recovery. Most flights use an Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) tracker which gets its position from

1190-431: The use of a path predictor. Before launch, weather forecasts containing predicted wind vectors are used to numerically propagate a simulated HAB along a trajectory, predicting where the actual balloon will travel. Testing radio range is often a large component of these hobbies. Amateur radio is often used with packet radio to communicate with 1200 baud , using a system called Automatic Packet Reporting System back to

1225-518: Was launched from Champ de Mars in Paris where 300,000 people gathered to watch the spectacle. The balloon was launched and rose through the clouds. The expansion of the gas caused the balloon to tear and it descended 45 minutes later 20 km (12 mi) away from Paris. Crewed high-altitude balloons have been used since the 1930s for research and in seeking flight altitude records , including Auguste Piccard's flights up to 16,201 m (16.2 km),

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