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66-776: Pitney is a village and parish in Somerset, England, located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) east of Langport and 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Somerton in the South Somerset district. In 2011, the village had a population of 374. Pitney is home to St John the Baptist Church, the Pitney Farm Shop, and the Halfway House , selected as England's Pub of the Year in 1996 by CAMRA (Campaign for Real Ale). The name means "Pytta's place" from Pytta

132-641: A circulation (net of returns) of over 12,000 copies. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West and ITV West Country . Television signals are received from the Mendip TV transmitter. Local radio stations are BBC Radio Somerset on 95.5 FM, Heart West on 97.1 FM, Greatest Hits Radio South West (formerly The Breeze ) on 105.6 FM and West Somerset Radio, a community based station which broadcast on 104.4 FM. [REDACTED] Media related to Langport at Wikimedia Commons Social services The provision of social services by governments

198-589: A compulsory superannuation scheme was introduced in 1955. Within Korea, voluntary health insurance was made available in 1963 and mandated in 1976. Private insurance was only available to citizens employed by large corporate firms, while a separate insurance plans were provided to Civil Servants and military personnel . In Taiwan, the Kuomintang government in 1953 propagated a healthcare inclusive workers insurance programme. A separate insurance scheme for bureaucrats and

264-551: A large amount of social welfare legislation in this period. Mandatory sickness insurance was introduced in 1883, with workplace accident insurance enacted in 1884 alongside old age and invalidity schemes in 1889. Insurance laws of this kind were emulated in other European countries afterwards, with Sweden enacting voluntary sickness insurance in 1892, Denmark in 1892, Belgium in 1894, Switzerland in 1911, and Italy in 1886. Additionally, Belgium, France and Italy enacted legislation subsidising voluntary old-age insurance in this period. By

330-403: A large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground, leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms . Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August have the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the southwest. Two buildings in the town,

396-400: A native of the town, whose father was master of the school. The hanging chapel afterwards became a masonic hall. Education for children aged 11 to 18 is provided by Huish Episcopi Academy , a mixed secondary school with academy status . The school has a specialist status as a Science College and Language College . It has around 1,400 students. Huish Episcopi Primary School — near

462-472: A negative relationship between life expectancy and countries which's social service programs do not provide universal healthcare coverage. Additionally, the density of the provision of healthcare services by the government is positively associated with increases in life expectancy. Within the area of child welfare, social services aim to provide help to children and their families, while providing mechanisms to ensure they are able to live safe, stable lives with

528-652: A percentage of GDP in these states is 5.3%, which is significantly lower than that of Europe and North America. Within Asia, the significant development of social services first began in Japan after the conclusion of World War II . Due to rising levels of social inequality in the 1950s following the reformation of the Japanese economy , the incumbent Liberal Democratic Party legislated extensive health insurance laws in 1958 and pensions in 1959 to address societal upheaval. In Singapore,

594-559: A permanent home. In the United States, 3 million children are maltreated each year, with the overall economic costs of child maltreatment totalling up to US$ 80 billion annually. Social service programs cost the US$ 29 ;billion USD on child maltreatment prevention and child welfare services. According to researchers, social service programs are effective in reducing maltreatment and reducing overall economic costs to society, however

660-781: A significant impact upon the employment of single mothers . Following 1996 welfare reform in the US, employment rates among single mothers have increased considerably from 60% in 1994 to 72% in 1999. Social services, particularly education, are considered by UNICEF as an effective method through which to combat gender inequality. Social services such as education may be employed to overcome discrimination and challenge gender norms . Social services, notably educational programs and aid provided by organisations such as UNICEF, are also essential in providing women strategies and tools to prevent and respond to domestic and family violence . Other examples of social services which may help address this issue include

726-553: A similar policy soon after. There have been several findings which indicate that social services have a positive impact upon the quality of life of individuals. An OECD study in 2011 found that the countries with the highest ratings were Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland, while the lowest ratings were given by people from Estonia, Portugal and Hungary. Another study recorded by the Global Barometer of Happiness in 2011 found similar results. Both of these studies indicated that

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792-514: Is a Geological Conservation Review site where Gravels are exposed which show scour-and-fill structures consistent with braided stream deposition from the Pleistocene age. To the south of the town is Wet Moor , a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest which is part of the extensive grazing marsh grasslands and ditch systems of the Somerset Levels and Moors. In storm conditions

858-565: Is a causeway across the moor and an important bridge over the river. Below Langport the Parrett is tidal. The rivers flow from the southern hills through Thorney Moor and Kings Moor, through a gap between the upland areas around Somerton and Curry Rivel , onto the Somerset Levels through which it flows past Bridgwater to the Bristol Channel . During the winter the low-lying areas around Langport are sometimes flooded. Langport Railway Cutting

924-493: Is a strong correlation between happiness and social services. Research indicates that welfare programs, which are included as a part of social services, have a considerable impact upon poverty rates in countries in which welfare expenditure accounts for over 20% of their GDP. However, the impact of social service programs on poverty varies depending on the service. One paper conducted within China indicates that social services in

990-567: Is a town and civil parish in Somerset , England, 5 miles (8 km) west of Somerton . The parish, which covers only part of the town, has a population of 3,578. Langport is contiguous with Huish Episcopi , a separate parish that includes much of the town's outskirts. Langport (old forms are "Langeberga" and "Langeport") consists of two parts, one on the hill and one by the River Parrett . The former owed its origin to its defensible position, and

1056-428: Is achieved. These are classified under four categories: reproductive, maternal and children health services, infectious diseases , ' noncommunicable' diseases , and basic access to medical services . OECD data reveals that the provision of universal health coverage leads to significantly positive outcomes on society. This includes a positive correlation between life expectancy and the provision of health services and

1122-565: Is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperatures. The summer months of July and August are the warmest, with a mean daily maximum of about 21 °C (69.8 °F). In winter the mean daily minimum temperature is about 1 °C (33.8 °F) or 2 °C (35.6 °F) are common. In the summer the Azores high pressure affects the southwest of England; however convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing

1188-609: Is linked to the belief of universal human rights , democratic principles , as well as religious and cultural values. The availability and coverage of social services varies significantly within societies. The main groups which social services is catered toward are: families, children, youths, elders, women, the sick, and the disabled. Social services consists of facilities and services such as: public education, welfare, infrastructure, mail, libraries, social work, food banks , universal health care , police, fire services , public transport and public housing. The term ‘social services’

1254-608: Is often substituted with other terms such as social welfare , social protection , social assistance, social care and social work, with many of the terms overlapping in characteristics and features. What is considered a ‘social service’ in a specific country is determined by its history, cultural norms , political system and economic status . The most central aspects of social services include education, health services , housing programs , and transport services. Social services can be both communal and individually based. This means that they may be implemented to provide assistance to

1320-599: Is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education , social services , libraries , main roads, public transport, policing and fire services , trading standards , waste disposal and strategic planning. It is also part of the Glastonbury and Somerton county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by

1386-583: Is the place mentioned in old Welsh sources as "Llongborth" = "Ship-port", the site of the Battle of Llongborth . " Longphort " is a term used in Ireland for a Viking ship enclosure or shore fortress, with an identical etymology. Langport was previously also known as Langport Eastover , with the part on the western bank being Langport Westover, now known just as Westover. Langport is on the ancient way from Glastonbury to Taunton . Langport could have been important during

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1452-457: The 2011 census was 2,872. It is also part of the Glastonbury and Somerton county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Langport lies on the east bank of the River Parrett , below the point where that river is joined by the River Yeo (Ivel) . There

1518-549: The Duke of Devonshire in 1919. The lesser manor of Pitney Lortie was held by the Pyne family; the manor house may be the building now known as The Old Court, which has its origins prior to the 16th century. The 1848 publication, A Topographical Dictionary of England , describes Pitney as an agricultural village of 465 people and writes of the Roman villa: At this place has been discovered perhaps

1584-762: The Langport Herald , James Richard Moreton, printed and published the 107 hymn tunes and six anthems written by his father, who was the minister of Langport Independent Chapel. This was the Reverend James Moreton's Sacred Music , used by Congregationalists and other denominations in the 19th century; there is a copy in the British Library. In World War II Langport was the site of a United States Army military prison or Disciplinary Training Center. The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover

1650-600: The Roman occupation as there were several villas in the vicinity. It was one of the forts listed in the Burghal Hidage indicating its strategic position for King Alfred , as well as being close to the royal centre of Somerton . In 1086, according to Domesday Book , it had 34 resident burgesses and was worth the then large sum of £79 10s 7d. The parish of Combe was part of the Kilmersdon Hundred , while Langport Eastover

1716-595: The Saxon , however there is evidence of much earlier occupation from a Bronze Age sword dating from 200 BC found on Pitney Moor. It was recorded in the Domesday book as Petenie supporting the alternative meaning of 'the traversing stream' from the Old English pæþþan and ea . Several significant archaeological finds have been made at Pitney, including the remains of a Roman villa (roof tiles, pottery, and mosaic) uncovered in

1782-663: The Tudor House and The Warehouse in Great Bow Yard, have been restored by the Somerset Buildings Preservation Trust . Close to All Saints' Church, an archway crosses the road, bearing a Perpendicular building known as The Hanging Chapel . After serving this purpose it housed first the grammar school (founded 1675), then the Quekett Museum, named after John Thomas Quekett (1815–61) the histologist ,

1848-512: The effectiveness of these programs are significantly reduced when they are not correctly implemented, or when these programs are not implemented together. The issues in which social services attempt at preventing for children include substance abuse, underemployment and unemployment, homelessness and criminal convictions . Social service programs within this area include family preservation, kinship care, foster and residential care. Empirical evidence suggests that social service programs have had

1914-506: The first past the post system of election. Pitney's church is dedicated to St John the Baptist . The west tower and south doorway to the nave date to the 14th century, with other parts from the 15th century. The chancel was restored in 1853, with additional restoration to the church in 1875. It was a daughter chapel to Huish Episcopi . It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building . Langport Langport

1980-698: The 19th century, and the Pitney brooch, a Saxon cast bronze openwork brooch, modelled after a late Viking design and now in the British Museum. The medieval manors originated in grants made to Richard Rivel (of Curry Rivel ) from the Royal manor of Somerton between 1190 and 1003. The parish was part of the Pitney Hundred . Pitney Warne manor was granted to the Compton family in 1610 and split up and sold by their descendant

2046-710: The Act set a limit of 48 working hours per week for children aged 9 to 13, and for children aged 13 to 18 it was set at 12 hours per day. The Act also was the first legislation requiring compulsory schooling within Britain. Another central development for the existence of social services was Switzerland's legislation of the Factory Act in 1877. The Factory Act introduced limitations on working hours , provided maternity benefits and provided workplace protections for children and young adults. In Germany, Otto von Bismarck also introduced

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2112-525: The Great Bow Bridge, by making the Portlake Rhine navigable, rebuilding Little Bow Bridge in the centre of Langport, and making a new cut to Bicknell's Bridge. Seven locks, each with a small rise, were planned but the scheme foundered in 1797, due to financial difficulties. The railway came to Langport in 1853 and opened up new markets, but caused the decline of river traffic. In 1856 the proprietor of

2178-478: The Japanese government also expanded social services for children and the elderly, providing increased support services, increasing funding to care facilities and organisations, and legislating new insurance programs. In the 1990s, Shanghai introduced a housing affordability program which was then later expanded to include all of China. In 2000, Hong Kong introduced a superannuation scheme policy, with China implementing

2244-578: The Royalists retreated through the town many were killed by the bridge over the Parrett, and many of the buildings were set on fire. Although one authority states this was an act of the Parliamentary cavalry, reading contemporary accounts of the battle it is clear that the Royalist cavalry set the lower town on fire in the (vain) hope that this would hinder the pursuit led by Cromwell's cavalry. In 1826 Langport

2310-453: The availability social services considerably increased in the region. In 1988 in Korea, health insurance was granted to self-employed rural workers , with coverage extended to urban-based self-employed workers in 1989. Additionally, a national pension program was initiated. Within Taiwan, an extensive national health insurance system was enacted in 1994 and implemented in 1995. During this period

2376-411: The centre of Langport — takes pupils from the age of 4 to 11. The school serves Langport, Huish Episcopi, Aller , Muchelney , Pibsbury, Drayton and Pitney . The school site includes 7 classrooms, an ICT suite, hall, library, playground and school field. There are around 180 pupils. St Gildas' School formerly provided private education, but is now closed. The main street leads up a slope from

2442-709: The community broadly, such as economic support for unemployed citizens, or they may be administered specifically considering the need of an individual – such as foster homes . Social services are provided through a variety of models. Some of these models include: Social services may be available to the entirety of the population, such as the police and fire services, or they may be available to only specific groups or sections of society. Some examples of social service recipients include elderly people, children and families, people with disabilities, including both physical and mental disabilities. These may extend to drug users, young offenders and refugees and asylum seekers depending on

2508-414: The council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with

2574-529: The country and its social service programs, as well as the presence of non-governmental organisations. The development of social services increased significantly in the last two decades of the nineteenth century in Europe. There are a number of factors that contributed to the development of social services in this period. These include: the impacts of industrialisation and urbanisation, the influence of Protestant thought regarding state responsibility for welfare, and

2640-531: The dedication "All Saints". Although restored in the 19th century it is one of the best preserved medieval windows in Somerset. Additionally it is unusual in that the window contains a full set of glass from the same period. The church has only occasional services and is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust , who have carried out extensive rebuilding work. The congregation of Langport and Huish Episcopi use St Mary's Church Huish Episcopi as

2706-408: The district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council. The parish council, known as Langport Town Council, is based at Langport Town Hall . For local government purposes, since 1 April 2023,

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2772-482: The first group. In the final group, consisting of the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras and Nicaragua, social services programmes were implemented in the 1950s and 1960s, with the least coverage out of each group. With the exception of Nicaragua, social service programs are not available for unemployment insurance or family allowances. Average expenditure on social services programs in as

2838-420: The form of direct financial assistance does not have a positive impact on the reduction of poverty rates. The paper also stated that the provision of public services in the form of medical insurance, health services and hygiene protection have a 'significantly positive' impact upon the reduction of poverty. (threshold set at 40% of United States median household income) (1970–1997) The table below displays

2904-465: The growing influence of trade unions and the labour movement . In the nineteenth century, as countries industrialised further, the extent of social services in the form of labour schemes and compensation expanded. The expansion of social services began following Britain's legislation of the 1833 Factory Act . The legislation set limits on the minimum age of children working, preventing children younger than nine years of age from working. Additionally,

2970-413: The late 1910s and the 1920s. The notable schemes, which had been implemented by 1950, consisted of work injury insurance, pensions, and sickness and maternity insurance. The second group, consisting of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela, implemented these social services in the 1940s. The extent to which these programs and laws were implemented were less extensive than

3036-477: The latter its growth to its facilities for trade on the chief river of Somerset. Eilert Ekwall translates it as "long town" or "long market". Its name looks like Anglo-Saxon for "long port", but it may be "long market place" that could have been on the causeway that is now Bow Street. Many of the houses in Bow Street tilt backwards due to settlement of the land behind the causeway. It is speculated that Langport

3102-493: The local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also

3168-457: The military was also provided in Korea in this time. In 1968, Singapore increased its social services program to include public housing, and expanding this further in 1984 to include medical care. Within both Korea and Taiwan, by the 1980s the number of workers that were covered by labour insurance had not increased above 20%. Following domestic political upheaval within Asian countries in the 1980s,

3234-554: The most important aspects of quality of life to people were health, education, welfare and the cost of living . Additionally, the countries with the perception of high-quality public services, specifically Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands, scored the highest on levels of happiness. Conversely, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania and Italy, who scored low on levels of satisfaction of social services, had low levels of happiness, with some sociologists arguing this indicates there

3300-474: The most perfect pavement of an ancient villa yet found in England; the ruins cover about an acre and a half of ground, and the remains of the mosaics show the former splendour of the buildings. In the principal apartment are four pavements of great beauty, with nine figures in good preservation, and four well-drawn busts; in another room is the figure of a youth striking a serpent. The late Sir Richard C. Hoare, who had

3366-466: The number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours. In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most of the rainfall in the southwest is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection . Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active. In summer,

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3432-460: The parish church of the community (Parish of Huish Episcopi cum Langport). The Langport and Castle Cary Railway passes through Langport. The town was served by Langport East , which was on the Reading to Taunton Line , although it closed to passengers in 1962. Langport is served by a free newspaper, The Leveller , established in 2010, which provides news of the town and the county of Somerset with

3498-456: The police, welfare services, counselling, legal aid and healthcare. Social services have played a central role in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic . Healthcare workers , public officials, teachers, social welfare officers and other public servants have provided critical services in containing the pandemic and ensuring society functions. The impact of the pandemic was compounded by

3564-653: The responsibility of the council. The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset , which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 , having previously been part of Langport Rural District . The district council is responsible for local planning and building control , local roads, council housing , environmental health , markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling , cemeteries and crematoria , leisure services, parks, and tourism. Somerset County Council

3630-434: The river to the fine Perpendicular church of All Saints , which is a Grade I listed building . The square tower (with its octagonal stair turret), which is in three stages, dates from the 15th century but the top section was rebuilt in 1833. It has a number of interesting gargoyles known locally as ‘hunky punks’. The East window of the chancel contains a set of late 15th century glass depicting various saints, appropriate to

3696-441: The rivers can overtop their banks and overspill into the adjacent low-lying moorland. The rivers running through the moor make home for many wildlife, including wintering whooper swans . Along with the rest of South West England , Langport has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country. The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation

3762-511: The second Monday in Lent. Only one fair is now held, a horse and cattle fair on 3 September. A Saturday market was held under the grant of 1562, but in the 19th century the market day was changed to Tuesday. On 10 July 1645, the Battle of Langport was fought here, in which the last effective Royalist field army was destroyed and the Parliamentary victory in the Civil War became all but inevitable. When

3828-583: The shortage of social services globally, with the world requiring six million more nurses and midwives to achieve the goals set within the Sustainable Development Goals at the time of the outbreak. Social services, such as education, have been required to adapt to changing social conditions while still providing essential services. Social services have expanded worldwide through the introduction of economic stimulus packages, with governments globally committing US$ 130 Billion as of June 2020 to manage

3894-575: The subjects illustrated by engravings, supposes, from the English costume of the chief figures, that the villa belonged to the lord of the manor, and was not raised till after the departure of the Romans. The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with

3960-515: The time the Netherlands introduced compulsory sickness insurance in 1913, all major European countries had introduced some form of insurance scheme. According to Carmelo Meso-Lago, social services and welfare systems within South America developed in three separate stages, with three groups of countries developing at different rates. The first group, consisting of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay, developed social insurance schemes in

4026-466: The town comes under the unitary authority of Somerset Council . Prior to this, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of South Somerset , which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 , having previously been part of Langport Rural District . The town is in the 'Langport and Huish' electoral ward . Langport is the most populous area but the ward stretches south and east to Huish Episcopi . The total ward population at

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4092-589: The welfare spending of countries as a percentage of their total GDP. The statistics are sourced from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the provision of health services is a significant factor in ensuring that individuals are able to maintain their health and wellbeing. The WHO identifies 16 health services that must be provided by countries to ensure that universal health coverage

4158-494: Was first mentioned in 1220. The medieval bridge consisted of a total of 31 arches, of which nine crossed the river, and 19 of the original arches were located by ground-penetrating radar in 1987, buried beneath the road which runs from Great Bow Bridge to Little Bow Bridge. Around 1840 the Westport Canal was built, which joined the river at Langport. The abortive Ivelchester and Langport Navigation scheme had sought to avoid

4224-664: Was second only to that of the Bank of England . It was then taken over by Parr's Bank , which became part of the Westminster Bank . The Great Bow Bridge, which now carries the A378 , is a three-arched bridge, constructed under the terms of the Parrett Navigation Act of 1836. Completed in 1841 at a cost of £3,749, it replaced the previous medieval bridge, with its nine tiny arches, all too small to allow navigation. A bridge at this site

4290-551: Was the birthplace of Walter Bagehot a businessman, essayist and journalist, who wrote extensively about literature, government, economic affairs and other topics. He went into partnership with George Stuckey and by 1866 the company owned 14 East Indiamen as well as 19 barges on the River Parrett. This developed into the Somerset Trading Company. Stuckey's Bank had been founded in 1770, and by 1909 its banknote circulation

4356-577: Was within the Hundred of Pitney. The first charter, granted by Elizabeth I in 1562, recognised that Langport was a borough of great antiquity, which had enjoyed considerable privileges, being governed by a portreeve . It was incorporated by James I in 1617, but the corporation was abolished in 1883. Langport was represented in parliament in 1304 and 1306. In medieval times Langport was an important centre for cloth making. The charter of 1562 granted three annual fairs to Langport, on 28 June, 11 November, and

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