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43-508: The projects of the Piparwar Area are: Piparwar opencast, Ray-Bachra underground, Ashoka opencast, Piparwar coal handling plant/ coal preparation plant . The Area office is at Piparwar, PO Bachra. North Karanpura Coalfield has reserves of 14 billion tonnes of coal (proved, indicated and inferred), around 9% of India's total coal reserves, placing it amongst the biggest coalfields in India. Only

86-506: A large variability of moisture and maximum particle size. Coal needs to be stored at various stages of the preparation process, and conveyed around the CPP facilities. Coal handling is part of the larger field of bulk material handling , and is a complex and vital part of the CPP. Stockpiles provide surge capacity to various parts of the CPP. ROM coal is delivered with large variations in production rate of tonnes per hour (tph). A ROM stockpile

129-486: A production capacity of 10 million tonnes per year, was 500 m from the mine. Ray-Bachra underground project had a planned production capacity of 0.30 million tonnes per year. It is located in Chatra district. Central Coalfields Limited provides support for reputed institutions/ trusts for setting up 10+2 pattern CBSE schools for children of CCL employees. It provides 109 buses to employees’ children to schools and back. Among

172-520: A small corner of this coalfield was exploited earlier. On the southern side of the Damodar River, there are some long established coal mines – Karkatta, KD Hesalong, Manki, Churi, Bachara and Dakara. Some of these coal mines are part of the North Karanpura Area of Central Coalfields. On the northern side of the Damodar River, the first mine to be undertaken was the prestigious Piparwar mine. This

215-541: A total population of 12,969, of which 7,169 (55%) were males and 5,800 (45%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,453. The total number of literate persons in Bachra was 9,718 (84.39% of the population over 6 years). According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Chatra , Bachra covered an area of 16.61 km . Among the civic amenities, it had 26 km roads with both open and closed drains,

258-412: Is a very important part of a CPP. Measurement of flow, density, levels, ash and moisture are inputs to the control system. PLCs are used extensively in plant design. SCADA systems are typically used to control the process. Other instrumentation found in plants include density gauges and online elemental coal analyzers . In 1810, German Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Lindig , coal mining pioneer, invented

301-402: Is being shipped. The sampler is set according to Tons per hour, Feet per minute and top size of the product on the actual belt. A sample is taken then crushed, then sub sampled and returned to the main belt. The sample is sent to an Independent lab for testing where the results will be shared with the buyer as well as the supplier. The buyer in many cases will also sample the coal again once it

344-437: Is constrained creates an outer spiral. The existence of a top central outlet and inability for all the fluid to leave at the cone apex outlet, assist the inward migration of some of the fluid from the external moving mass. The amount of inward migration increases as the apex is neared, i.e. the radius decreased and the fluid which flows in this migratory stream, ultimately reverses its vertical velocity direction and flows upward to

387-404: Is pumped tangentially to a tapered inlet and short cylindrical section at a predetermined flowrate and pressure followed by a conical section where the separation takes place. The higher specific gravity fractions being subject to greater centrifugal forces pull away from the central core and descend downwards towards the apex along the wall of cyclone body and pass out as rejects/middlings through

430-423: Is received to "double check" the results. Continuous measurement of ash, moisture, kCal (BTU), sulfur Fe, Ca, Na, and other element constituents of the coal are reported by cross belt elemental analyzers. This information can be calibrated periodically to the lab data per methods. The washability characteristics of a coal reserve are provided by obtaining liberation data on the raw coal sample. Liberation refers to

473-412: Is removed from tailings to recycle water. Filters, centrifuges and thickeners are used in this part of the process. The blackwater is a form of tailings . It is produced as a by-product is typically placed in a coal slurry impoundment, which can be sources of environmental disasters. Thickeners are used for dewatering slurries of either tailings or product. A thickener is a large circular tank that

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516-442: Is used to allow the washplant to be fed coal at lower, constant rate. A simple stockpile is formed by machinery dumping coal into a pile, either from dump trucks , pushed into heaps with bulldozers or from conveyor booms. More controlled stockpiles are formed using stackers to form piles along the length of a conveyor, and reclaimers to retrieve the coal when required for product loading, etc. Taller and wider stockpiles reduce

559-400: Is used to settle out the solid material from the water in the feed slurry. The separated water is clarified and reused as process water in the CPP. Thickeners are sized according to the volume of feed slurry to be processed. Typical size ranges are from 13 to 40m in diameter and 3-4m high. The floor of the thickener is conical, sloping gently down toward the centre. The feed is pumped into

602-598: The Barkakana-Son Nagar line is 10 km (6.2 mi) away. CCL has installed solar plants on the roof of houses, in order to reduce day-time demand. In addition, they have planned to instal an 80 megawatt peak ground-mounted solar power plant at Piparwar. Piparwar Mangardaha underground mine is a new mine that will work in the Piparwar and Mangardaha blocks of the Lower Bachra (bottom section) seam. A major portion of

645-606: The SCs . This means that those to be affected are almost totally of the weakest section of Indian society.” Future mega projects in the area include: Magadh opencast project expansion with nominal capacity of 51 million tonnes per year and peak capacity of 70 million tonnes per year, Amrapali OCP expansion with nominal capacity of 25 MTY and peak capacity of 35 MTY, Sanghamitra OCP with nominal capacity of 20 MTY and peak capacity of 27 MTY, and Chandragupta OCP with nominal capacity of 15 MTY and peak capacity of 20 MTY. Piparwar open cast project

688-464: The American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM ). A cross cut sampler mounts directly on top of the conveyor belt, the falling stream sampler is placed at the head section of the belt. There are several points in the wash plant that many coal operations choose to sample. The raw coal, before it enters the plant. The refuse, to see what the plant missed. Then the clean coal, to see exactly what

731-558: The Ashoka block was 121.66 MT as on 01.04.2014. Ashoka block is characterized by more or less flat terrain with gentle undulations. The highest and the lowest elevations in the Ashoka block are 480 metres (1,570 ft) and 420 metres (1,380 ft) (above mean sea level) respectively. In 2014, the production capacity was raised from 6.5 million tonnes per year to 10.00 million tonnes per year. Major efforts have been made by CCL for land restoration/ reclamation and afforestation. The Washery, with

774-658: The Damodar. North of the Damodar lies comparatively new major mines such as Piparwar Mine and Ashoka Project. 23 mines are planned in the northern sector (near Bachra). Those in an advanced stage of planning are: Dhadu, Purnadih, Magadh, and Amrapali.This happens to be the largest mining sector of Central Coalfields Limited . Projects in the Piparwar Area of Central Coalfields Limited (as in 2015) were: Piparwar open cast, Ray-Bachra underground, Ashoka open cast, Piparwar coal handling plant and Piparwar coal preparation plant. Bachra

817-570: The Rajhara Area. Coal preparation plant A coal preparation plant ( CPP ; known as a coal handling and preparation plant ( CHPP ), coal handling plant , prep plant , tipple or wash plant ) is a facility that washes coal of soil and rock , crushes it into graded sized chunks (sorting), stockpiles grades preparing it for transport to market, and more often than not, also loads coal into rail cars, barges, or ships. The more of this waste material that can be removed from coal,

860-558: The amount of physical breakage required to liberate coal from different other material densities. Low density material is clean coal whereas high density material is reject (rock). The intermediate density material is called middlings . Liberation data is commonly obtained by float and sink analysis. The procedures for this analysis are detailed in Australian Standard AS 4156.1 – 1994 "Coal preparation — Higher rank coal — Float and sink testing". Crushing reduces

903-522: The branch office of 2 nationalised banks. The North Karanpura Coalfield is spread across parts of Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Chatra and Latehar districts of Jharkhand covering an area of 1,230 km . This coalfield in the upper reaches of the Damodar Valley , has reserves of around 14 billion tonnes of coal, very little of which has been exploited. Karkatta, KD Hesalong, Manki, Churi, Bachara UG, Bachara OC, and Dakara are long established collieries south of

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946-470: The circuit or the feed. Fine coal is cleaned using froth flotation methods. Denver cells and Jameson Cells are two flotation methods used. Spirals perform a simple, low cost and reasonably efficient separation of finer sized material, based on particle density and size. Water is removed from the product to reduce the mass, and runoff on the stockpile. Different methods of dewatering exist, including: Coarse coal dewatering: Fine coal dewatering: Water

989-399: The coal into feeders. Sometimes front-end loaders are the only means of reclaiming coal from the stockpile. This has a low up-front capital cost, but much higher operating costs, measured in dollars per tonne handled. High-capacity stockpiles are commonly reclaimed using bucket-wheel reclaimers . These can achieve very high rates. Sampling of coal is an important part of process control in

1032-549: The coal preparation plant. Bachra Bachra is a census town in the Tandwa CD block in the Simaria subdivision of the Chatra district in the state of Jharkhand , India . Bachra is a colliery township located at 23°41′19″N 85°4′13″E  /  23.68861°N 85.07028°E  / 23.68861; 85.07028 . The map alongside shows that the forests (mark

1075-465: The cyclone over flow outlet, i.e. vortex finder. Since it is at the same time rotating, the result is an inner spiral. The Heavy Media Cyclone may be lined with very high quality ceramic tiles or manufactured from Ni-hard (a very hard alloy of cast iron containing nickel) with a specially designed helical profile. A cyclone is the heart of the washing unit in a Heavy Media Washery. It is a non moving part and hence requires very low maintenance. However,

1118-414: The decrease in pressure more coal shall report to the discard/middlings, thus impairing the efficiency of separation. If due to some reason the cyclone feed pump is not being able to deliver the required pressure at the inlet of the cyclone, feed should immediately be stopped and the pipelines, tank and pump should be properly checked for any jamming and any jamming should be properly cleaned before starting

1161-439: The different relative densities of different grades of coal, and the reject material. Jigs are a gravity separation method for coarse coal. Different types of wet jig include: Dense medium gravity separation methods use a material such as magnetite to form a medium denser than water to assist in separation. Different types of DMB include: A cyclone is a conical vessel in which coal along with finely ground magnetite (media)

1204-633: The facilities it has are: cardiac monitor, suction machine, X-Ray machine and ECG. It has 4 ambulances. There are central facilities in the Central Hospital, Gandhinagar at Kanke Road, Ranchi with 250 beds and in the Central Hospital, Naisarai at Ramgarh with 150 beds. There are dispensaries at Rohini, KDH, Purnadih/ Karkatta in North Karanapura Area, at Amrapali Project, Magadh Project in the Magadh Sanghamitra Area, at Tetariakhad in

1247-449: The feedwell, at the centre of the thickener, near the top. The feed is normally dosed with flocculant before delivery to the thickener. The thickened mass is moved toward the bottom centre of the thickener by large rakes that rotate around the tank. Rotation speed is very slow, and drive torques can be high, especially for larger diameter thickeners. Drive torque is usually monitored continuously, as high densities could cause failure of

1290-442: The land area required to store a set tonnage of coal. Larger coal stockpiles have a reduced rate of heat loss, leading to a higher risk of spontaneous combustion. Travelling, luffing boom stackers that straddle a feed conveyor are commonly used to create coal stockpiles. Tunnel conveyors can be fed by a continuous slot hopper or bunker beneath the stockpile to reclaim material. Front-end loaders and bulldozers can be used to push

1333-502: The light shading), covering around 60% of Chatra district, are evenly spread across the district. It is a plateau area with an elevation of about 450 metres (1,476 ft) above mean sea level. Efforts are on to get the first unit of the NTPC Limited ’s North Karanpura Thermal Power Station (3x660 MW), ready in 2021. North Karanpura Coalfield of Central Coalfields Limited , spread over 1,230 square kilometres (470 sq mi) in

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1376-491: The lower its total ash content , the greater its market value and the lower its transportation costs . The coal delivered from the mine that reports to the coal preparation plant is called run-of-mine, or ROM, coal. This is the raw material for the CPP, and consists of coal, rocks, middlings, minerals and contamination. Contamination is usually introduced by the mining process and may include machine parts, used consumables and parts of ground engaging tools. ROM coal can have

1419-507: The mining area lies below Piparwar OCP. The area from where coal has been taken out is partly filled up by internal dumps. It is located in the North Karanpura Coalfield . Proposed production from the mine is 1.38 million tonnes per year. Ashoka opencast project in the North Karanpura Coalfield in Chatra district commenced operations in 1995. In 2013–14, it produced 7.50 million tonnes of coal. The estimated mineable reserve in

1462-654: The overall top size of the ROM coal so that it can be more easily handled and processed within the CPP. Crushing requirements are an important part of CPP design and there are a number of different types. Screens in screening plant are used to group process particles into ranges by size. Dewatering screens are used to remove surface water from the product. Screens can be static, mechanically vibrated or electro-mechanically vibrated. Screen decks can be made from different materials such as spring steel, stainless steel, mild steel or polyurethane (PU). Gravity separation methods make use of

1505-408: The pressure at the inlet of the cyclone is a very important factor and it is suggested to maintain a minimum pressure of around D x 9 x 9.81 x density/100 (in bars), where D = the inner diameter of the cyclone in mm. It is important to note that the pressure at which pulp (mixture of coal and magnetite) is introduced in the cyclone is the principal means of controlling the forces within the cyclone. With

1548-421: The production and marketing of coal. A grab sample is a one-off sample of the coal at a point in the process stream, and tends not to be very representative. A routine sample is taken at a set frequency, either over a period of time or per shipment. Coal sampling consists of several types of sampling devices. A "cross cut" sampler mimics the "stop belt" sampling method specified by a standard originally published by

1591-437: The protected water supply involved overhead tanks, tap water from treated sources, uncovered wells. It had 2,405 domestic electric connections, 62 road light points. Among the educational facilities it had 13 primary schools, 11 middle schools, 5 secondary schools, 4 senior secondary schools. Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 1 stadium, 3 auditorium/ community halls, 1 public library, reading room. It had

1634-469: The rakes and drive equipment. Rakes may have the capacity to be raised to reduce drive torque. The thickened slurry, also called thickener underflow, is pumped out of the bottom of the thickener. In the case of product coal, further dewatering is usually required before shipment. Thickened tailings can be pumped to a tailings dam, combined with larger sized rejects for disposal (co-disposal), or dewatered further before disposal. Control and instrumentation

1677-566: The schools in the North Karanpura Coalfield that receive financial help or structural support is: DAV Bachra. In the North Karanpura Coalfield, CCL has the following facilities: Central Hospital at Dakra with 50 beds has 11 general duty medical officers and 1 specialist. Among the facilities are: X‐Ray, ECG, Semi auto analyzer, monitor defibrillator , dental chair. It has 2 ambulances. Piparwar Hospital at Bachra with 11 beds has 6 general duty medical officers and 1 specialist. Among

1720-444: The southern part of the district, with spill over to neighbouring districts, and having coal reserves of 14 billion tonnes is among the biggest in India. The map provides links to three CCL operational areas. Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. According to the 2011 Census of India , Bachra (location code 389494) had

1763-436: The underflow orifice discharge, also known as the spigot. The lighter particles are caught in an upward stream and pass out as clean coal through the cyclone overflow outlet via the vortex finder. From the overflow orifice, the coal goes into the overflow chamber, and is discharged to the next stage of the process. Fluid on entry commences in the outer regions of the cyclone body. This combined with rotational motion to which it

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1806-467: Was commissioned with Australian collaboration in the 1990s. In 2014, it was expanded from a normative capacity 10 million tonnes per annum to 12.50 MTPA and peak capacity from 11.5 MTPA to 14.375 MTPA. The total geological reserve was 244 million tonnes and mineable reserve was 48.80 million tonnes. The life of the mine was estimated to be 13 years from 2007. A railway siding at Piparwar was provided to avoid coal transportation by road. Ray railway station on

1849-507: Was followed by the contiguous Ashoka mine and subsequently many others. The entire area is buzzing with activity. However, there is a note of caution: “Throughout the coalfields, it is important to remember that the majority of the population are indigenous people, Oraons, Mundas and Karamalis amongst the STs , Mahatos, Yadavs and Teli Saos among the BCs , and Bhuiyas, Ganjhus, Turis, Paswans and Chamars among

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