A wharf ( pl. wharves or wharfs ), quay ( / k iː / kee , also / k eɪ , k w eɪ / k(w)ay ), staith , or staithe is a structure on the shore of a harbour or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more berths ( mooring locations), and may also include piers , warehouses , or other facilities necessary for handling the ships. Wharves are often considered to be a series of docks at which boats are stationed. A marginal wharf is connected to the shore along its full length.
23-455: Pinkenba Wharf is an Australian wharf , located within the Port of Brisbane , at Pinkenba , Queensland , Australia . It is located adjacent to the former Pinkenba railway station . The railway was extended from Ascot railway station to Pinkenba in 1897 and the wharf was built in 1898. In 1902 a railway spur was built to service the wharf directly. The larger ocean-going cruise ships that visit
46-428: A fixed platform, often on pilings . Commercial ports may have warehouses that serve as interim storage: where it is sufficient a single wharf with a single berth constructed along the land adjacent to the water is normally used; where there is a need for more capacity multiple wharves, or perhaps a single large wharf with multiple berths, will instead be constructed, sometimes projecting over the water. A pier, raised over
69-893: A process known as "breaking". An unrelated sound change where /i/ became /iu/ if /u/ or /w/ followed in the next syllable occurred later, after I-mutation. Vowels were fronted or raised in before /i/ , /j/ a process called I-mutation : The old Germanic diphthongs * ai and * au become ē / ā and ā , respectively, in Old Frisian, as in ēn / ān ("one") from Proto-Germanic * ainaz , and brād from * braudą ("bread"). In comparison, these diphthongs become ā and ēa ( ān and brēad ) in Old English, and ē and ō ( ēn and brōd ) in Old Saxon. The diphthong * eu generally becomes ia , and Germanic * iu
92-457: A single or few words. Old Frisian had three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), two numbers (singular and plural), and four cases (Nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, although traces of an instrumental and locative case exist) Dual forms are unattested in Old Frisian but their presence is confirmed by their continued existence in later Frisian dialects until the mid-20th century. A significant portion of Old Frisian nouns fall into
115-560: Is attested in only a few personal names and place-names. Old Frisian evolved into Middle Frisian , spoken from the 16th to the 19th century. In the early Middle Ages, Frisia stretched from the area around Bruges , in what is now Belgium , to the Weser River in northern Germany . At the time, the Frisian language was spoken along the entire southern North Sea coast. This region is referred to as Greater Frisia or Magna Frisia , and many of
138-584: Is not particularly glamorous, and is mainly used by industrial vessels. Correspondingly the Queensland Government is under pressure to create a new second international cruise terminal for Brisbane on the northern side of the Gateway Bridge to accommodate the larger ocean-going cruise ships. A February 2008 visit by the luxury cruise ship the MS Queen Victoria meant that passengers could not use
161-424: Is retained. These diphthongs initially began with a syllabic (stressed) i , but the stress later shifts to the second component, giving to iā and iū . For example, thiād ("people") and liūde from Proto-Germanic * þeudō and * liudīz . Old Frisian ( c. 1150 – c. 1550 ) retained grammatical cases . Some of the texts that are preserved from this period are from
184-552: The palatalisation of velar consonants also found in Old English. For example, whereas the closely related Old Saxon and Old Dutch retain the velar in dag , Old Frisian has dei and Old English has dæġ [dæj] . When initial and followed by front vowels the Germanic /k/ , changed to the sounds /ts/ and /j/ . Proto-Germanic /ɣ/ became /j/ after /e/ , and word-initially before front vowels. Proto-Germanic /g/ , where it existed, became /dz/ . The Old Frisian for church
207-581: The staith spelling as a distinction from simple wharves: for example, Dunston Staiths in Gateshead and Brancaster Staithe in Norfolk . However, the term staith may also be used to refer only to loading chutes or ramps used for bulk commodities like coal in loading ships and barges. Quay , on the other hand, has its origin in the Proto-Celtic language . Before it changed to its current form under influence of
230-462: The 12th or 13th century, but most are from the 14th and 15th centuries. Generally, all these texts are restricted to legal writings. Although the earliest written examples of Frisian—stray words in a Latin context—are from approximately the 9th century, there are a few examples of runic inscriptions from the region which are older and in a very early form of the Frisian language. These runic writings however usually consist of no more than inscriptions of
253-733: The Republic of Ireland, and may also refer to neighbourhoods and roadways running along the wayside (for example, Queen's Quay in Toronto and Belfast ). The term wharf is more common in the United States. In some contexts wharf and quay may be used to mean pier , berth , or jetty . In old ports such as London (which once had around 1700 wharves ) many old wharves have been converted to residential or office use. Certain early railways in England referred to goods loading points as "wharves". The term
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#1732869505235276-469: The a-stem declension pattern. Most a-stem nouns are masculine or neuter. Certain words like dei "day" have "g" in the plural endings. All nouns in the ō-stem declension were feminine. The nominative Singular -e comes from the accusative case. There are some early Frisian names preserved in Latin texts, and some runic ( Futhorc ) inscriptions, but the oldest surviving texts in Old Frisian date from
299-650: The areas within it still treasure their Frisian heritage. However, by 1300, their territory had been pushed back to the Zuiderzee (now the IJsselmeer ), and the Frisian language survives along the coast only as a substrate. A close relationship exists between Old Frisian and Old English ; this is due to a shared history, language and culture of the people from Northern Germany and Denmark who came to settle in England from around 400 A.D. onwards. Generally, Old Frisian phonologically resembles Old English. In particular, it shares
322-514: The gradual spread of the shift from th to d from south to north, beginning in southern Germany in the 9th century, but not reaching Frisian until the 13th or 14th century. Another feature shared between Old Frisian and Old English is the Anglo-Frisian brightening, which fronted a to æ except in certain conditions: Much later, after breaking, /æ/ became /e/ . Before /xx/ , /xs/ , /xt/ , short /e/ , /i/ became /iu/ in
345-467: The international standard cruise terminal facilities at Portside Wharf and had to use the industrial wharf complex at Pinkenba instead. [REDACTED] Media related to Pinkenba Wharf at Wikimedia Commons 27°25′41″S 153°07′15″E / 27.42802°S 153.12089°E / -27.42802; 153.12089 This article about Brisbane is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Wharf A wharf commonly comprises
368-672: The modern French quai , its Middle English spelling was key , keye or caye . This in turn also came from the Old Norman cai ( Old French / French chai "wine cellar"), meaning originally "earth bank near a river", then "bank built at a port to allow ship docking". The French term quai comes, through Picard or Norman-French, from Gaulish caio , ultimately tracing back to the Proto-Celtic *kagio- "to encompass, enclose". Modern cognates include Welsh cae "fence, hedge" and Cornish ke "hedge", Old Frisian Old Frisian
391-715: The northeast and east of England the term staith or staithe (from the Norse for landing stage) is also used. The two terms have historically had a geographical distinction: those to the north in the Kingdom of Northumbria used the Old English spelling staith , southern sites of the Danelaw took the Danish spelling staithe . Both originally referred to jetties or wharves. In time, the northern coalfields of Northumbria developed coal staiths specifically for loading coal onto ships and these would adopt
414-570: The port currently dock at the Pinkenba Wharf, located on the north side of the Brisbane River, north of the Gateway Bridge , due to height restrictions placed by the bridge. Until the establishment of the new Portside Wharf at Hamilton , Australian cruise ship company P&O Cruises used the Pinkenba wharf as a base for its cruise ships, " Pacific Sky " and " Pacific Star ". The Brisbane dock
437-479: The water rather than within it, is commonly used for cases where the weight or volume of cargos will be low. Smaller and more modern wharves are sometimes built on flotation devices ( pontoons ) to keep them at the same level as the ship, even during changing tides. In everyday parlance the term quay (pronounced 'key') is common in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and many other Commonwealth countries, and
460-488: Was tzirke or tzerke , in Old English it was ċiriċe [ˈtʃiritʃe] , while Old Saxon and Old Dutch have the unpalatalised kirika . Palatalization postdated fronting, and predated monophthongization and i-umlaut. Between vowels, h generally disappears ( sian from * sehwaną ), as in Old English and Old Dutch. Word-initial h- on the other hand is retained. Old Frisian retains th in all positions for longer than Old Dutch and Old Saxon do, showing
483-650: Was a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries along the North Sea coast, roughly between the mouths of the Rhine and Weser rivers. The Frisian settlers on the coast of South Jutland (today's Northern Friesland ) also spoke Old Frisian, but there are no known medieval texts from this area. The language of the earlier inhabitants of the region between the Zuiderzee and Ems River (the Frisii mentioned by Tacitus )
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#1732869505235506-697: Was carried over from marine usage. The person who was resident in charge of the wharf was referred to as a "wharfinger". The word wharf comes from the Old English hwearf , cognate to the Old Dutch word werf , which both evolved to mean "yard", an outdoor place where work is done, like a shipyard ( Dutch : scheepswerf ) or a lumberyard (Dutch: houtwerf ). Originally, werf or werva in Old Dutch ( werf , wer in Old Frisian ) simply referred to inhabited ground that
529-456: Was not yet built on (similar to " yard " in modern English), or alternatively to a terp . This could explain the name Ministry Wharf located at Saunderton, just outside High Wycombe, which is nowhere near any body of water. In support of this explanation is the fact that many places in England with "wharf" in their names are in areas with a high Dutch influence, for example the Norfolk broads. In
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