Misplaced Pages

#103896

36-460: Pigcawayan , officially the Municipality of Pigcawayan ( Maguindanaon : Inged nu Pigkawayan , Jawi : ايڠايد نو ڤيڬكاوين; Iranun : Inged a Pigkawayan , ايڠايد ا ڤيڬكاوين; Hiligaynon : Banwa sang Pigkawayan ; Cebuano : Lungsod sa Pigkawayan ; Tagalog : Bayan ng Pigkawayan ), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Cotabato , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has

72-814: A close alliance with the Ternate sultanate of the Moluccas region of Indonesia. Ternate regularly sent military reinforcements to Maguindanao during the Spanish-Moro Wars . Nevertheless, its power was reduced when the Confederate Sultanates of Lanao declared independence from the Maguindanao Sultanate. During the Spanish colonial period, the Sultanate of Maguindanao was able to defend its territory, preventing

108-991: A density of 160 inhabitants per square kilometre or 410 inhabitants per square mile. Poverty incidence of Pigcawayan Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The municipality is primarily an agricultural area. Common industrial activities are rice and corn mills. There are 11 rice mills (electric operated) found in Poblacion (2), Tubon (4), North and South Manuangan (2), Upper Baguer (10), Balogo (1), and Capayuran (1). Aside from these, there are also 2) Baby Cono/Kiskisan that can be found in (13) barangays. Processed milled rice by Rice Mills are usually brought/sold to Cotabato City, Davao City and in some parts of South Cotabato. Milled rice produced by "Kiskisan/Baby Cono" were usually for households consumption by residents of barangays. Cottage industries include furniture shops that use wood, bamboo and rattan, as well as rice grinder, mini sawmill and machine shops. The Gross Domestic Product of

144-480: A diverse mosaic of indigenous ethnicities and communities; besides the Maguindanaon themselves, under various forms of vassalage were Iranun (including Maranao ), Sama-Bajau , Subanon , Sarangani , and Kalagan peoples, while in more mutual yet interdependent trade-based relationships were highlander Tirurays and Manobos . The Iranun peoples settled along the coasts of the entire Illana Bay , including

180-467: A pig with the use of bamboo pole rotated over live charcoal. The words "pig bamboo," as said by the superintendent, were translated into the local dialect Pigcawayan the present name of the municipality. In 2019, twelve barangays were among the 63 in the province which became part of the Special Geographic Area of the newly created Bangsamoro , after having the affirmative vote won to join

216-469: A population of 52,744 people. It is sometimes spelled Pigkawayan . Before its creation as a separate and independent Political Unit, Pigcawayan together with Alamada and Libungan were component barangays of Midsayap. Pigcawayan, however at that time was more progressive than the two mentioned. How Pigcawayan got its name remains undocumented, however two versions were given by the early settlers and passed from one generation to another. The first version

252-461: A written l , and the prevalence by which it is used or is dominant denotes the local dialects of Maguindanaon. /l/ may also be heard as a retroflex [ɭ] in intervocalic positions. The Laya (Raya) or lowland dialect of Maguindanaon, spoken in and around Cotabato City, prefers the flapped r over l , while the more conservative upland variety spoken in Datu Piang and inland areas favors l . As in

288-469: Is 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Cotabato City , 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Cotabato Airport and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the nearest seaport which is the Polloc Port of Parang, Maguindanao . Pigcawayan is politically subdivided into 28 barangays .   Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . In the 2020 census, the population of Pigcawayan was 52,744 people, with

324-811: The Maranao language , Maguindanaon pronouns can be also free or bound to the word/morpheme before it. Maguindanaon numerals: Maguindanao is written with the Latin script, and used to be written with the Jawi script . Among works on the language published by Jacinto Juanmartí, his sacred history Compendio de historia universal contains Maguindanao texts in both Jawi and the Latin script. Sultanate of Maguindanao Events/Artifacts (north to south) Events/Artifacts Artifacts The Sultanate of Maguindanao ( Maguindanaon : Kasultanan nu Magindanaw , Jawi : كسولتانن نو مڬیندنو; Filipino : Kasultanan ng Mangindánaw )

360-552: The Pulangi and Simuay deltas and Polloc harbor , and further inland along the shore of Lake Lanao as Maranaos . Although they were autonomously led by their datus , they were vassals of the Sultan from paying tributes and formal acknowledgements. During Barahaman's reign, their population was estimated to be around 90,000-100,000. Alongside the Bajaus, they were the most important allies of

396-854: The sa ilud principalities served as entrepôts for both domestic and foreign trade and the sa raya region as its breadbasket . Several economic reforms were made under Kudarat: wax was monopolized in Sarangani and the Davao Gulf ports, and restricted trade in the former only by permission with a license from the Sultan himself. He also acquired shahbandars to oversee the trade and commodities sectors. The most important exports were rice , wax , tobacco , and clove and cinnamon barks , alongside coconut oil , sago , beans, tortoiseshells , bird's nests , and ebony hardwood . The people of Maguindanao are certainly known under one name, but consist of many different nations. At its peak, Maguindanao maintained

SECTION 10

#1732877273104

432-582: The Cotabato Valley on Mindanao and then Sharif Kabungsuwan , a member of the Ba 'Alawi sada of Johor in what is now modern day Malaysia , preached Islam in the area in the 16th century, Tabunaway converted, while Mamalu decided to hold fast to their ancestral animist beliefs. The brothers parted ways, with Tabunaway heading to the lowlands and Mamalu to the mountains, but they vowed to honor their kinship, and thus an unwritten pact of peace between Maguindanaons and

468-472: The Maguindanao; the sultanate heavily depended on their vast manpower to maintain the status quo throughout the region. Paradoxically, however, they were also perceived by Maguindanao royalty as the least trustworthy of all groups; they were apparently notorious for rogue activities, and several punitive expeditions were made to quell minor Iranun uprisings. European traders were sometimes advised to sail south of

504-625: The Municipality (2022) is 11,036,750,604(PHP). Katahum Pigcayawan is the proposed tourism brand of the municipality. Maguindanao language The Maguindanaon language is the native language of the Maguindanaon people of the province of Maguindanao located in the west of Mindanao island in the south of the Philippines. It was the language of the Sultanate of Maguindanao , which lasted until near

540-971: The Philippines was transferred from Spain to the United States in 1898 as a result of the Spanish–American War , the American administration began publishing a number of works on the language in English, such as a brief primer and vocabulary in 1903, and a translation of Juanmartí's reference grammar into English in 1906. A number of works about and in the language have since been published by Filipino and foreign authors. Maguindanao has 3 major dialects: Ilud, Laya, and Biwangen. Maguindanao dialects are: The vowels [e] and [o] only occur in loanwords from Spanish through Tagalog or Cebuano and from Malay. The phonemes /z/ and /dʒ/ only appear in loanwords. The sound [dʒ] also appears an allophonic realization for

576-490: The Spaniards from colonizing the entire coastal Mindanao and ceding the island of Palawan to the Spanish government in 1705. The island priory ceded to him by Sulu Sultan Sahabuddin. This was to have help dissuade Spanish encroachments into the island of Maguindanao and Sulu itself. Chinese gongs, yellow as a color of royalty, and idioms of Chinese origin entered Mindanao culture. Royalty was connected to yellow. The color yellow

612-492: The Sultan's envoys, interpreters, tribute collection from the coastal settlements, and as river guardians. The Subanon peoples of the Zamboanga peninsula were also vassals of the sultanate. Aside from offering manpower, they were entrusted with two main roles: production and trade of local cinnamon ( Cinnamomum mindanaense ) and maintaining storage networks for the Maguindanao's hardware, especially cannons. The Tirurays of

648-667: The Teduray was forged through the two brothers. Shariff Kabungsuwan preached Islam in the area, which was earlier Hindu -influenced from Srivijaya times, at the end of the 16th century and established himself as Sultan seated in Malabang . He exiled some of his people who apostatised to Cotabato. He subsequently married into the families of local chieftains and established the Sultanate of Maguindanao, with its seat in Slangan (the western part of present-day Cotabato), making him virtually Sultan of

684-469: The area. Those barangays were organized into Pahamuddin ( Bangsamoro Autonomy Act No. 41 ) following ratification in a plebiscite on April 13, 2024. Through Presidential Proclamation 692 , October 21, 2024 was declared a special non-working day for the commemoration of the municipality's 71st founding anniversary on October 20, which falls on a Sunday. Pigcawayan is the last municipality of Cotabato Province coming from Davao City to Cotabato City. It

720-658: The autonomous region in a plebiscite held on February 6. Eight of them were among the 39 in the province that unsuccessfully voted for the inclusion in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao in 2001, while the other four were proposed to be part of the Bangsamoro, which replaced ARMM by virtue of Republic Act No. 11054 . In 2023, the Bangsamoro Parliament approved the creation of eight new municipalities in

756-507: The capital itself, though nearby. Small in numbers, they were typically fishermen who supplied sea produce for trading vessels and Maguindaon land dwellers, sometimes sailing as far as the Tomini Gulf for catches. However, they were also called upon for a variety of other jobs ranging from supplying boats, joining slave raiding expeditions , and as boat rowing entourage for royalty and other esteemed officials alongside more dangerous jobs as

SECTION 20

#1732877273104

792-526: The end of the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century. The earliest works on the language by a European were carried out by Jacinto Juanmartí, a Catalan priest of the Society of Jesus who worked in the Philippines in the second half of the 19th century. Aside from a number of Christian religious works in the language, Juanmartí also published a Maguindanao–Spanish/Spanish–Maguindanao dictionary and reference grammar in 1892. Shortly after sovereignty over

828-533: The northern and western mountains surrounding the Cotabato Basin, and like the Tirurays, held largely mutual trade relationships with the sultanate. Manobo territories were outside the margins of any Maguindanao control and considered too dangerous. Consequently, trade activity was restricted to only between them and the royal family and principal datus. They mostly traded gold for clothing. Since its capture in 1625,

864-460: The people of the Sarangani islands were subjugated by Maguindanao through various enforced trade policies in that area, and may be considered slaves of the sultanate than merely subjects. Aside from serving as the Sultan's primary warehouse, Kudarat restricted their trading activities with foreigners through his personal permission for a license, except for several Chinese in wax trading. The islands' crossroads position served various professions for

900-596: The predominantly Iranun Polloc area into the Simuay River if heading towards the capital for safety, and were denied permanent trading posts for the same reason. The Sama-Bajau , or simply Badjaos, of Maguindanao were primarily based around the Simuay delta, though they were nomads who lived on the shorelines and did not live in permanent settlements like the Iranun; additionally, they were particularly barred from living within

936-409: The sequences /d + s/ (e.g. [dʒaɭumˈani ka] /(ə)dsalumani ka/ 'repeat that!') and /d + i/ (only before another vowel before vowel, e.g. [ˈmidʒas] /midias/ 'stockings'); the sound [z] also appears as an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants. /ɾ/ can also be trilled [ r ] . Intervocalic /d/ is realized as [ɾ] . /ɾ/ and /l/ are interchangeable in words which include

972-430: The southern Tiruray Highlands and its coast held a mutual but interdependent position with the sultanate largely defined by trade. Trade pacts were established between Magindanaon datus and Tiruray neighborhoods through seketas teel ("cutting rattan together"). They largely traded forest and some agricultural produce like wax, tobacco, as well as manpower. Manobos comprise a variety of different highland peoples in

1008-661: The sultan. (TBE) Maguindanao maintained close relations with Ternate, Sulu, and Brunei, but developed a rivalry with Buayan. However, Buayan would become a de facto subject state under Sultan Kudarat of Maguindanao. (TBE) Since the ratification of a peace treaty between Muslims and Christians in 1645 by Kudarat and Zamboanga governor Francisco de Atienza Ibañez, the following period of relative stability ushered an economic golden age as Maguindanao reopened its harbors to international trade, first based in Kudarat's capital of Simuay (present-day Sultan Mastura ). Maguindanao's economy

1044-631: The sultanate maintained friendly relations with British and Dutch traders. According to the Yuan annals of 1304 in the Nanhai Zhi , a polity known as Wenduling (文杜陵) may have been the predecessor state of Maguindanao. Wenduling was invaded by then Hindu-Buddhist Brunei (Pon-i), until it rebelled and successfully broke away after the Majapahit invasion of the latter. Islamization then happened afterwards. Two brothers named Mamalu and Tabunaway lived peacefully in

1080-427: The sultanate, from ship repair, agricultural produce, wood, water, and manpower. Otherwise known in historical accounts as simply peoples of the Davao Gulf area, Kalagans were also subject to similar protectionist trade restrictions by Maguindanao since Kudarat's reign. Maguindanao since shared control of the area with Kandahar ( Sangir ) until usurpation by the former during Sultan Barahaman's rule. Probably only

1116-582: The town of present-day Davao and nearby settlements were subjugated and paid tribute. Like Sarangani, they offered manpower and agricultural and forest goods. Kalangan, another settlement elsewhere in the region, had its own tributaries inland and did not pay tribute to Maguindanao, but provided food and traded wax and lower prices for visiting Maguindanaon traders. Historical records document 24 Sultans of Maguindanao. Simuay (1637-1671) Sibugay (1900-1926) As of May 2018, there are three major royal families in Maguindanao. Each having an enthroned sultan under

Pigcawayan - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-469: The whole island. The sultanate was largely centered around the Cotabato Valley. Sultan Muhammad Kudarat , and whose name as a youth was Ullah Untong, was one of the greatest sultans who controlled Mindanao. In his island sanctuary in Sulu, he was known as Sultan Nasiruddin, and is buried there. His grandson Abd al-Rahman continued increasing the Sultanate's power and influence. The Maguindanao sultanate also had

1188-430: Was a Sunni Muslim sultanate that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao , in the southern Philippines , especially in modern-day Maguindanao provinces ( Maguindanao del Sur and Maguindanao del Norte ), Soccsksargen , Zamboanga Peninsula and Davao Region . Its known historical influence stretches from the peninsula of Zamboanga to bay of Sarangani until Davao Gulf . During the era of European colonization ,

1224-571: Was principally driven by two sectors: trade exports of raw materials like agricultural and jungle produce, and slave labor ; it did not maintain a market large enough for imported spices , gold, silk, and other exotic goods. Consequently, this model largely relied on annual outgoing trade expeditions led by Chinese nakodas accompanying trading chiefs most frequently to Ternate and Manila , and regularly to Amboina , Makassar , Batavia and elsewhere in Java , and around Sumatra . Within Maguindanao,

1260-533: Was that the place now known as Pigcawayan was a battleground for the Iranuns and the Maguindanaons. Due to this fighting the inhabitants would abandon the place to be occupied by the victors. From this evolved the Maguindanaon word "Pigawaan," which meant an abandoned place. The second version, refers to an incident when an American school superintendent visited the place. The superintendent encountered people roasting

1296-513: Was used by the Sultan in Mindanao. Chinese tableware and gongs were exported to the Moros. Merchant Chinese were tranquilly residing alongside the Moros in Maguindanao. Similar to neighboring sultanates, Maguindanao was decentralized ; every town remained autonomous and ruled by their rajas, datus, etc. However, aspects of centralized authority lay in some sectors of governance absolutely controlled by

#103896