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32-484: Photodex released one of the first consumer level slideshow programs in 1991 with a program named GDS, for Graphic Display System. In the mid-1990s they focused on the photo management software product CompuPic, which also included slideshow capability. In 2002 they released the first version of ProShow, which focused primarily on slideshow creation. Photodex's primary products were its ProShow line, consisting of ProShow Gold, ProShow Producer, and ProShow Web. ProShow Gold

64-616: A cel that is meant to be held and panned is called a "hold cel" and marked in production with the word " tome " ( 止メ ). For example, the American studio Filmation frequently used panning as a way to cut costs and fill time. Burns has credited documentary filmmaker Jerome Liebling for teaching him how still photographs could be incorporated into documentary films. He has also cited the 1957 National Film Board of Canada documentary City of Gold , co-directed by Colin Low and Wolf Koenig , as

96-677: A photo slideshow option also labelled "Ken Burns Effect". On the Windows platform, AVS Video Editor , Windows Movie Maker , Pinnacle Studio , Serif MoviePlus , Avid Media Composer , Sony Vegas Studio (and Movie), Ulead VideoStudio , Adobe Premiere , and PicturesToExe also have pan and zoom features built-in; otherwise, it is still available through third-party extensions. Microsoft Photo Story creates videos with both random and customisable Ken Burns Effects automatically from selected images. ProShow Gold/Producer from Photodex and PhotoFilmStrip (free applications) also come with this effect. On

128-410: A photograph of a baseball team, one might slowly pan across the faces of the players and come to a rest on the player the narrator is discussing. By employing simulated parallax , a two-dimensional image can appear as 3D , with the viewpoint seeming to enter the picture and move among the figures. The effect can be used as a transition between clips as well. For example, to segue from one person in

160-692: A prior example of the technique. Winner of the Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival and nominated for an Academy Award , City of Gold used animation camera techniques to slowly pan and zoom across archival still pictures of Canada's Klondike Gold Rush . America's television audience had seen extensive use of the technique in NBC's Meet Mr. Lincoln , first telecast 11 February 1959. This one-hour Abraham Lincoln documentary used period photographs, illustrations, artwork, newspapers and documents "animated" by

192-532: A story-telling sequence for Arch Oboler's 1950 Columbia feature Five , and have for more than a decade continued development of this form—in my independent feature The Naked Eye (1956), the featurette The True Story of the Civil War (an Academy Award winner, 1956 ), Warner Brothers' The James Dean Story (1957), and most recently [...] for [...] ABC-TV's Winston Churchill, the Valiant Years . In film editing ,

224-565: A style of deadpan comedy that would become a trademark of the studio's style. One of the frequent users of limited animation was HB's Saturday-morning rival Filmation (makers of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe and BraveStarr ) which gave their work a distinct look. Bill Melendez used a form of limited animation to adapt the Peanuts franchise to television and later film; in addition to

256-601: A user’s photos, video clips and music. Finished shows can be shared online through social networking sites including Facebook and YouTube or downloaded to a user’s computer. Ken Burns Effect The Ken Burns effect is a type of panning and zooming effect used in film and video production from non-consecutive still images. The name derives from extensive use of the technique by American documentarian Ken Burns . This technique had also been used to produce animatics , simple animated mockups used to previsualize motion pictures, but Burns's name has become associated with

288-426: Is a process in the overall technique of traditional animation that reuses frames of character animation. The use of budget-cutting and time-saving animation measures in animation dates back to the earliest commercial animation, including cycled animations, mirror-image and symmetrical drawings, still characters, and other labor-saving methods. In general, the progression was from early productions in which every frame

320-452: Is an acknowledged classic. Paul Haesaerts made Rubens in 1948. Americans Paul Falkenberg and Lewis Jacobs made Lincoln Speaks at Gettysburg entirely out of nineteenth-century engravings, 1950. Ben Berg and Herbert Block of Hollywood have for years been making a series of story-telling dramas out of paintings and prints, including a life story of Goya. I myself pioneered the dramatic use of still photographs (rather than paintings or prints) in

352-634: The 1970s, the usage of limited animation in Saturday morning cartoons had become common. Walter Williams, creator of The Mr. Bill Show , noted that cartoons in the 1970s were so static, he expected the artist's hands to enter the screen at any moment and physically start moving the drawings around. This inspired him to create the "Mr. Hands" character in The Mr. Bill Show , who literally did just that. Limited animation proved to be particularly popular in Japan , such that

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384-668: The Editors' Choice for creating slideshows. ProShow Producer was professional-grade slideshow software for creating photo and video slideshows. Features including keyframing, masking and adjustment effects can be used for further customization. The software had built-in CD , DVD and Blu-ray burning capabilities. It also supported output to an Executable file (.exe) for playing on most computers (excluding Apple) as well as to other formats including MPEG video, HTML5 video, QuickTime video, Flash Video , Facebook , Vimeo and YouTube . Beginners used

416-585: The Japanese word for animation, anime , entered the English lexicon as a loanword for the distinctive style of Japanese animation that took root there. Anime features scenes of mouth moving with occasional eye blinks, rendered long shots of detailed backgrounds, a low frame rate (especially in earlier productions) and rare use of 2D fluidity on motion-blur filled action alongside reused drawings, using style conventions from Japanese comic books ( manga ). It also has

448-501: The Lusitania progressed to using cels over still backgrounds, while still maintaining a level of detail comparable to that of Gertie . The 1942 Merrie Melodies cartoon The Dover Boys , directed by Chuck Jones , is one of the earliest Warner Bros. cartoons to extensively employ some of the processes of what would become known as "limited animation", particularly its use of characters that either stand still or move so quickly that

480-504: The Mac platform, programs such as Final Cut Pro, Final Cut Express, iMovie, Adobe Premiere also have the ability. Adobe and Apple products (excluding iMovie) allow the user to set keyframes to further customize the process. The mobile video-editing app KineMaster (for Android and iPhone) has "Ken Burns/Crop and Pan" as the default setting for photo cropping. The effect is found in various screensavers and slideshows, such as Apple. Windows PCs have

512-536: The Tramp in CinemaScope, the process made it difficult to replicate that style, a problem that Hanna-Barbera did not have with smaller, more square television screens. The financial benefits of limited animation led to television animation companies relying on the process extensively in the television era. Jay Ward Productions relied on limited animation for those reasons, compensating with its heavy Cold War satire and

544-520: The actual motion appears to be a blur. This animation technique has come to be known as the smear frame. Hanna-Barbera Productions used limited animation throughout its existence. When the company's namesakes, William Hanna and Joseph Barbera , separated from the MGM studio in 1957, they opted to take a drastically different approach to animation than they had for their fully animated short films; as television screens were much smaller than theater screens at

576-536: The benefit of lower cost productions and stylized content as opposed to realistic animation. As was the case in the United States, television was a major impetus for the growth of anime in Japan; the country's recovery from World War II led to economic prosperity and a boom in Japanese television ownership, and the development of anime allowed Japan to compete in an animation field where they had previously lagged well behind

608-566: The built-in Wizard to create a slideshow even without prior experience with the application. After supplying the Wizard with the slideshow material (images, videos and/or audio files) ProShow Producer will create the slideshow automatically. After that, users can further customize their project and easily share it on popular sites such as YouTube and Facebook. On Dec. 5th 2013, FileCluster.com reviewed ProShow Producer and rated it with 5 stars. ProShow Web automatically creates video slideshows online from

640-628: The camera on an elaborate flatbed motion picture apparatus, and the descriptive term "stills in motion" for the technique was used in NBC's publicity and in the trade by the early 1960s. In a 1961 letter to The New York Times , photographer and filmmaker Louis Clyde Stoumen surveyed earlier uses of the technique by himself and others: Curt Oertel made his Michaelangelo , with important storytelling use of still material, in 1940 (released as Robert Flaherty's The Titan around 1949). Belgium's Henri Starc began imparting dramatic film form to still images in 1936, and his lyric World of Paul Delvaux (1947)

672-430: The cost and time concerns (especially for his first special A Charlie Brown Christmas , which was given only a $ 76,000 budget and four months to produce 30 minutes of animation), Meléndez also noted that Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz had designed the characters with a flat style well-suited for limited animation. The short-lived Cambria Studios turned out three serials (including Clutch Cargo ) using one of

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704-498: The effect in much the same way as Alfred Hitchcock is associated with the dolly zoom . The feature enables a widely used technique of embedding still photographs in motion pictures, displayed with slow zooming and panning effects, and fading transitions between frames. The technique is principally used when film or video material is not available. Action is given to still photographs by slowly zooming in on subjects of interest and panning from one subject to another. For example, in

736-452: The filmmaker's permission to create the term "Ken Burns Effect" for Apple's iMovie video production software zoom and pan effect (the description had been Apple's internal working title while the feature was in development). Burns initially declined, saying that he did not allow his name to be used for commercial purposes, but finally he had Jobs give him some equipment (which he later donated for nonprofit use) in exchange for permission to use

768-601: The most inexpensive approaches to animation possible: known as Syncro-Vox , it involved superimposing film of the voice actor's moving lips over a still frame of the character. Disney themselves resorted to some limited animation tricks in an effort to cut its budget during the 1960s, particularly with its usage of xerography in One Hundred and One Dalmatians , which resulted in artwork with heavier, rougher outlines than had previously been seen in Disney films up to that point. By

800-560: The option of Greg Stitt's "MotionPicture" and Gregg Tavares's "Nostalgic", among others. The effect can also be seen in the N73 smartphone by Nokia , applied to the slideshows the phone creates from the pictures stored in it. Specific seventh-generation video game consoles also feature versions of this effect, including Nintendo's Wii Photo Channel , Sony's PlayStation 3 and within the Last.fm app for Xbox 360 . Steve Jobs contacted Burns to obtain

832-494: The soundtrack." Burns says that on occasion, strangers will stop him on the street to enthusiastically describe how they use the Ken Burns Effect on their Apple software or ask him questions. Burns, who writes his speeches longhand and calls himself a " Luddite ", says he does not really understand what these Apple users are telling him and tries his best to make a quick escape. Limited animation Limited animation

864-421: The story to another, a clip might open with a close-up of one person in a photo, then zoom out so that another person in the photo becomes visible. The zooming and panning across photographs gives the feeling of motion, and keeps the viewer visually engaged. Many styles of limited animation , such as Japanese anime , also use still-image panning to compensate for a lack of movement on-screen. In anime production,

896-462: The technique may be achieved through the use of a rostrum camera , although today it is more common to use digital editing. Virtually all non-linear editing systems provide a tool to implement the simplistic effect, although only some software, such as iMovie and Openshot for Linux , specifically call it a Ken Burns Effect; it is usually simply referred to as pan and zoom. Final Cut Pro , Apple TV and Apple's iMovie video editing program include

928-533: The term in Apple products. In February 2014, Burns stated in his AMA ("Ask Me Anything", a question-and-answer interactive interview) on Reddit that Steve Jobs "asked my permission. I said yes. And six billion saved wedding, bar mitzvahs, vacation slideshows later, it's still going. But our attempt to 'wake the dead' relies on a much more nuanced and complicated relationship to the photograph (the DNA of storytelling), as well as

960-582: The time, limited animation, with its emphasis on character close-ups and dialogue-based humor, was a better fit for the more intimate home viewer experience. At the time, most feature films (along with animated shorts, including Hanna and Barbera's own work on Tom and Jerry ) were transitioning to the widescreen CinemaScope process, which made it more difficult to replicate intimacy; The Walt Disney Company , though they continued to use full animation, had also used character close-ups and personality-driven humor in their early films. When Disney produced Lady and

992-652: Was a consumer-level tool for creating slideshows from photos, video clips, and music. Built-in features allow users to customize slideshows with transitions, slide styles, and motion effects in the style of the Ken Burns Effect . The software also has built-in CD , DVD and Blu-ray burning capabilities and outputs to other formats including MPEG video, QuickTime video, Flash Video , Facebook , Vimeo , and YouTube . In 2006, USA Today writer Jefferson Graham named ProShow Gold “the best program for mixing pictures and video clips.” PC Magazine named ProShow Gold

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1024-453: Was drawn by hand, independent of each other drawing, toward more limited animation that made use of the same drawings in different ways. Winsor McCay , a man who put an unprecedented amount of detail into his animations, boasted that in his 1914 film, Gertie the Dinosaur , everything moved, including the rocks and blades of grass in the background. In contrast, his 1918 film The Sinking of

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