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72-581: She was born Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson in St. Clair, Missouri , in Franklin County , the daughter of Drucilla (Whitmire) and Randolph Walker Apperson. In her early years, Phoebe studied to be a teacher. Her childhood consisted of helping her father with finances at his store, learning French , and playing the piano. In 1860, businessman George Hearst met Phoebe when he returned to St. Clair to care for his dying mother. When they married on June 15, 1862, George Hearst

144-614: A $ 10 million fortune. In the 1880s, she became a major benefactor and director of the Golden Gate Kindergarten Association and the first president of the Century Club of California. In 1902, Hearst funded the construction of a building to provide teacher training and to house kindergarten classes and the association's offices. The association had 26 schools at the time of the San Francisco earthquake in 1906. Hearst

216-427: A household in the city was $ 35,716, and the median income for a family was $ 41,939. Males had a median income of $ 35,509 versus $ 23,986 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,101. About 8.6% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.2% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over. The St. Clair School District covers the area of St. Clair and some of

288-568: A keen interest in historical preservation, influenced by their own experiences in Europe. As an actress, Anna Cora Mowatt had been particularly enthusiastic about the preservation of the birthplace of William Shakespeare in Stratford-upon-Avon . Similarly, Madame Le Vert had been impressed with the preservation of the home of the poet Ludovico Ariosto in Ferrara, Italy , which had been purchased by

360-663: A lady manager for Rhode Island, pointing out the irony of upholding the "moral value" of Mount Vernon as a symbol of America's fight for liberty, when one in six women in America remained subject to slavery. To the alarm of Ann Pamela Cunningham, shortly after the 1856 charter establishing the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was passed by the Virginia General Assembly, John Augustine Washington abruptly withdrew

432-478: A leader against government tyranny. A cousin of Ann Pamela Cunningham, Yancey was known for his "ferocious sarcasm" as an orator, and his uncompromising defense of the constitutional right to hold slaves. The Northern and Southern wings of the MVLA thus both appeared to celebrate the legacy of George Washington, while taking opposing stances on the issue of slavery and states' rights . During their fundraising efforts,

504-447: A prominent politician who had served as U.S. Secretary of State , U.S. Senator , Governor of Massachusetts , and President of Harvard University , was an early proponent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. He viewed Mount Vernon as a powerful rallying point for national unity and political moderation that could prevent a civil war. A popular orator who would later become known as "the other speaker at Gettysburg ," Everett toured

576-473: A swamp near the mansion in 1895. The table below lists the first vice regents of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union to 1874. Congresswoman Frances P. Bolton , who served as Vice Regent from Ohio from 1938 to 1977, launched an effort in the 1940s to preserve the view across the Potomac River . The Association purchased 750 acres (3.0 km ) along the (opposite) Maryland shore, which became

648-549: Is 6.1% in December 2014. Statistics found on city-data.com showed that 69.7% of the population completed high school, 6.5% achieved a bachelor's degree, and only 2.5% achieved a graduate degree. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,390 people, 1,765 households, and 1,143 families living in the city. The population density was 1,404.3 inhabitants per square mile (542.2/km ). There were 1,900 housing units at an average density of 607.8 per square mile (234.7/km ). The racial makeup of

720-406: Is in your charge – see to it that you keep it the home of Washington. Let no irreverent hand change it; no vandal hands desecrate it with the fingers of progress. Those who go to the home in which he lived and died wish to see in what he lived and died. Let one spot in this grand country of ours be saved from change. Upon you rests this duty. Preservation efforts continued through the second half of

792-458: Is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km ) is water. An early variant name was "Travelers Repose". St. Clair was platted in 1859 when the railroad was extended to that point. The present name is after a railroad official with the surname St. Clair. The International Shoe Company Building and Panhorst Feed Store are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . As of

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864-563: The Founding Fathers of the United States . Returning once again to a familiar theme, Cunningham emphasized that the unique "sisterhood" she had assembled enabled would enable the MVLA to rise above sectional strife. Historian Patricia West categorizes the early vice regents of the MVLA as preservationists , figureheads, and activists. Vice regents such as Anna Cora Mowatt Ritchie of Virginia and Octavia Walton Le Vert of Alabama took

936-491: The census of 2010, there were 4,724 people, 1,908 households, and 1,136 families living in the city. The population density was 1,276.8 inhabitants per square mile (493.0/km ). There were 2,142 housing units at an average density of 578.9 per square mile (223.5/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 96.9% White , 1.0% African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.1% Asian , 0.3% from other races , and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of

1008-491: The "Mount Vernon Association" as the equivalent of a modern nonprofit corporation . By acquiring a legislative charter from the Virginia General Assembly , Cunningham would also consolidate her position as the organization's principal officer. Following the sudden death of Berrien, James L. Petigru , a former attorney general of South Carolina and a staunch Unionist , took over drafting the charter, and inserted

1080-540: The "sanctity" of Mount Vernon from desecration by greedy businessmen and corrupt politicians. Her argument that the virtuous, patriotic women of the republic should take action to safeguard a national symbol was particularly bold given the social norms of the time, which "deemed [it] improper for a lady to take part in public affairs." Cunningham also wrote to Eleanor Washington to try to convince her husband to hold off on selling Mount Vernon until "the Southern ladies" raised

1152-648: The 1840s. In 1898 she declared her belief in the Baháʼí Faith , and helped play a key role in the spread of the religion in the United States. Hearst had already been an early investor in the initiative of Sarah Farmer using the Greenacre Inn as a summer center of cross-religion gatherings and cultural development shortly after the 1893 Parliament of Religions . In November 1898, Hearst, with Lua Getsinger and others, briefly stopped off in Paris, on their way to Palestine, and

1224-534: The Association for $ 200,000. He took an immediate down payment of $ 18,000, with an additional $ 57,000 payable in December, and the remaining balance to be paid in four annual installments on February 22, which was George Washington's birthday . John Augustine Washington continued to court national controversy when on December 25, 1858, he ran his third annual advertisement in the Alexandria Gazette offering

1296-526: The Central Committee of the early Mount Vernon Association. In the weeks leading up to the bill's introduction in the Virginia legislature, Anna Cora Mowatt Ritchie held many gatherings in her home to build male support for the MVLA. As Mrs. Ritchie reported to Cunningham: I have been electioneering, and very successfully. Night before last I gave a musical soiree, and desired my husband to invite as many of

1368-905: The Cliff Palace site of Mesa Verde , Colorado. [1] Later, she also funded a Penn Museum expedition to Russia, and sent the Aztec specialist, Zelia Nuttall , to Moscow for this purpose. In 1901, Phoebe Hearst founded the University of California Museum of Anthropology, later called the Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology and renamed the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology in 1992. The original collection comprised 230,000 objects representing cultures and civilizations throughout history. The museum now contains about 3.8 million objects. Throughout her lifetime and as provided in her will, Hearst donated over 60,000 objects to

1440-643: The Hearst Library in Anaconda, Montana , in 1898. She maintained it until 1904. Hearst became a close friend of Dr. William Pepper , provost of the University of Pennsylvania , who was also a medical doctor who treated her for a heart condition. In 1896, in her first major act of museum philanthropy, she donated more than two hundred objects to the Penn Museum , many of them items such as Anasazi ceramics excavated from

1512-642: The Mount Vernon estate from sale. He reportedly felt humiliated by the charter's stipulation that he should turn over his estate to the MVLA rather than to the state of Virginia; he was also clearly offended by the public criticism and personal attacks he had endured while the Virginia legislature considered his "exorbitant" asking price for Mount Vernon. In June 1856, Cunningham visited John Augustine Washington in person to convince him to reconsider. Cunningham later wrote that she had persuaded Washington to change his mind by commiserating with his frustration that

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1584-619: The Senators and members of the legislature as the house would hold... Everyone declared he had a delightful evening. The music was excellent, and the supper good. Then came the grand coup. As the Ladies began to retire, Mrs. Pellet commenced the subject with [former] Governor Floyd, and I soon managed to make it general. Governor Floyd pledged himself to pass our bill and at once – so did all the other members and Senators present. On March 15, 1856, O.W. Langfitt, an attorney from Richmond, Virginia , carried

1656-473: The Union ( MVLA ) is a non-profit organization that preserves and maintains the Mount Vernon estate originally owned by the family of George Washington . The association was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham of South Carolina , and is the oldest national historic preservation organization as well as the oldest patriotic women's society, in the United States. Cunningham appointed 30 vice regents in

1728-419: The Union met its fundraising target and paid the full amount in less than two years, despite the economic depression . John Augustine Washington and his family moved out of the mansion and the MVLA finally took possession of the estate on February 22, 1860. In 1874, Ann Pamela Cunningham wrote to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association Council announcing her retirement as regent: Ladies, the home of Washington

1800-438: The Union, Ann Pamela Cunningham turned to building the nationwide organization. Working with a small personal staff, she appointed a "Vice Regent" in each state to lead fundraising. In turn, each vice regents appointed "Lady Managers" to assist in specific areas within their state. The vice regents appointed by Cunningham generally came from wealthy backgrounds and were socially prominent, often from families with ancestral ties to

1872-535: The Virginia committee's actions as insubordinate and took steps to nullify their proceedings. The power struggle resulted in the resignation of Mary Anderson Gilmer, whose husband John H. Gilmer had argued that the inclusion of Northern women was an "unholy alliance" that would "tarnish the soil of Virginia with the polluted breath of Northern fanaticism." On the advice of John M. Berrien , a former U.S. senator from Georgia and attorney general under President Andrew Jackson , Ann Pamela Cunningham moved to establish

1944-567: The Washington family for three generations. John Augustine Washington III, a great grandnephew of George Washington, eventually inherited the property, but he could not afford to maintain it. By the mid-1800s, the iconic Mansion House Farm had fallen into disrepair. In 1853, he offered to sell the estate to the Commonwealth of Virginia , which refused because the asking price was too high. John Augustine Washington also offered to sell Mount Vernon to

2016-495: The bill and ultimately pass the association's founding charter. On March 19, 1856, the Virginia state assembly passed a bill establishing the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union with Ann Pamela Cunningham named as the presiding leader. The charter also allowed the association to enter into a contract to hold title to the Mount Vernon estate. As regent of the newly established Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of

2088-505: The bill to the Virginia legislature. The bill initially encountered opposition stirred by disgruntled former members of the Virginia committee who let it be known that there had been internal strife within the organization. In addition, there had been hostility and skepticism that such an ambitious and far-reaching plan was being spearheaded by a woman. In the absence of Cunningham, who was unwell and bedridden, Anna Cora Mowatt Ritchie stepped in to rally their allies to resume consideration of

2160-474: The cause of rescuing and restoring Mount Vernon. The younger Cunningham, who suffered from chronic pain as the result of a horseriding accident, ignored the advice of friends and other relatives who initially tried to dissuade her in light of her poor health. At first, Ann Pamela Cunningham focused her efforts on mobilizing women from the American South to raise funds to save Mount Vernon. An initial concern

2232-543: The city was 97.45% White , 0.75% African American , 0.46% Native American , 0.21% Asian , 0.09% from other races , and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.71% of the population. There were 1,765 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who

Phoebe Hearst - Misplaced Pages Continue

2304-464: The country to raise money for the MVLA. Between 1856 and 1860, he delivered his speech, "The Character of Washington," 137 times to fee-paying audiences. He also entered into a one-year contract with The New York Ledger to write a weekly column on American history in exchange for an advance of $ 10,000 to be paid to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Everett appointed three trustees in Boston to hold

2376-424: The country, with one woman per state, who together raised $ 200,000 to purchase the property (equivalent to $ 4.1 million in 2003 dollars). The MVLA took over operation of the Mount Vernon estate on February 22, 1860, and opened the site as a museum. Through historic preservation of a national symbol, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association hoped to transcend or "heal" the sectional divisions that were deepening over

2448-471: The effort to save Mount Vernon an "all Southern" affair. Cunningham argued that the virtue and patriotism of American women would enable them to reject and transcend the sectionalism which was threatening to tear the Union apart. Sectional tensions surfaced nonetheless. The Philadelphia committee planned to distribute pamphlets stating that the title of Mount Vernon would be given to the U.S. Congress. When Cunningham informed them that title would be given to

2520-525: The fall of 1854, women from Northern states were expressing interest in joining the cause, saying that "Washington belonged to the whole country." Cunningham realized that she needed their help as well, given the difficulty of raising $ 200,000 to purchase Mount Vernon. Keenly aware of the sensitivities between North and South, Ann Pamela Cunningham strove to make the movement more inviting and inclusive of Northern women without alienating her Southern supporters. Many including her own mother preferred to keep

2592-473: The federal government, but key members of Congress argued that the government should not be responsible for preserving every historical site. According to popular legend, on a moonlit night in 1853, Louisa Bird Cunningham was riding a steamboat on the Potomac River , when the ferry captain sounded the horn as they passed Mount Vernon. Cunningham, the mistress of Rosemont Plantation in South Carolina,

2664-490: The government and maintained as a "shrine" for those who wished to pay their respects. In the category of figureheads, West includes Mary Chesnut, vice regent of South Carolina, who served from 1860 until her death in 1861. She was the mother-in-law of Civil War diarist Mary Boykin Chesnut , and had been a personal acquaintance of George Washington himself. Notable among the activists was Mary Morris Hamilton of New York ,

2736-446: The granddaughter of the U.S. Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton and the niece of U.S. Senator Gouverneur Morris . During her early years as vice regent, Hamilton managed to raise nearly $ 40,000, or one-fifth of the purchase price for Mount Vernon. Hamilton's lady managers for New York included Caroline C. Fillmore , the second wife of former President Millard Fillmore ; former First Lady of New York Frances Adeline Seward ; and

2808-427: The idea that the site should be repaired and preserved as a national "shrine." The next day, Louisa wrote to her daughter, Ann Pamela Cunningham. According to the MVLA, she said: If the men of America have seen fit to allow the home of its most respected hero to go to ruin, why can't the women of America band together to save it? Galvanized by her mother's words, 37-year-old Ann Pamela Cunningham decided to take up

2880-474: The issue of slavery in the United States . During the American Civil War , the MVLA's restoration efforts were put on hold, but resumed in 1866. Today, the MVLA continues its original mission, relying solely on private contributions, and is overseen by a board of regents made up of women from 27 states. After the deaths of George Washington in 1799 and his widow Martha in 1802, Mount Vernon remained in

2952-455: The lady manager for upstate New York. Stanton stated that she was "pledged to a higher and holier work than building monuments, or gathering up the sacred memories of the venerated dead." Instead, she felt that actively working to abolish slavery in the United States was the "purest" tribute to Washington's memory. Similarly, in November 1858, Elizabeth B. Chace declined an invitation to serve as

Phoebe Hearst - Misplaced Pages Continue

3024-414: The largest such collection west of Chicago. Hearst also realized the importance of preserving Native Californian culture. With her support, anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeber and his students, including Robert F. Heizer , documented Native Californian culture in the form of photographs, audio recordings, texts, and artifacts. This research helped to preserve approximately 250,000 Native Californian artifacts,

3096-509: The main obstacles to fundraising to be financial hardship resulting from the Panic of 1857 ; discomfort with the notion that a slave plantation could be a historical site of worthy of preservation; and tepidness from political opponents of her husband, Democratic Governor Henry Hastings Sibley . In August 1858, suffragist Elizabeth Cady Stanton was widely applauded in abolitionist newspapers for refusing Mary Morris Hamilton's invitation to serve as

3168-441: The money he raised and invest it, so it would earn interest. In the end, he contributed a total of $ 69,024, or a little more than one-third of the purchase price of Mount Vernon. While Everett drummed up support among Northerners by portraying George Washington as a nationalist, Southern secessionist leader William Lowndes Yancey raised money for the MVLA by touring the Southern states with his own lecture praising Washington as

3240-521: The most extensive in the world. The museum collection is available to students and researchers for examination. A gallery located on the University of California Berkeley campus is available for public view. Hearst was named to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association as the second vice-regent representing California. She held that position from 1889 to 1918, contributing much time and money to the restoration of George Washington 's home at Mount Vernon , furnishing it with Washington-owned objects and improving

3312-562: The museum. She also funded expeditions such as the Pepper–Hearst expedition (1895–1897) on the coast of Florida , near Tarpon Springs . Most notable are the 1899 expeditions in Egypt by American archaeologist George A. Reisner and in Peru by German archaeologist Max Uhle . These ventures further contributed to the museum's collection. Among these are approximately 20,000 ancient Egyptian artifacts,

3384-475: The nineteenth century. In 1881, Alice Mary Longfellow , eldest surviving daughter of poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , paid for the restoration and partial furnishment of Mount Vernon’s library. In 1888, women in Kansas raised $ 1,000 for the reconstruction of the servants’ quarters (presumably meaning slave quarters). Phoebe Hearst , mother of newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst , donated $ 6,000 to drain and fill

3456-490: The northwest side of the city and Missouri Routes 30 and 47 both pass through the city. Union is approximately six miles north along Route 47 and Stanton is about eight miles to the southwest on I-44. Parkway is on Route 30, just southeast of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 3.71 square miles (9.61 km ), of which 3.70 square miles (9.58 km )

3528-728: The novelist Caroline Kirkland . In addition, the New York committee included the wives of the historian George Bancroft and architect Andrew Jackson Downing . Other vice regents who contributed significantly to the cause included Louisa Ingersoll Gore Greenough of Massachusetts , who enlisted Anna Cora Mowatt to visit and do readings. Massachusetts managed to raise some $ 20,000 above and beyond any contribution credited to Everett. Octavia Le Vert of Alabama raised over $ 10,000; Margaret Gordon Blanding of California raised $ 9,500; Lily Lytle Macalester of Pennsylvania raised nearly $ 9,000; and North Carolina raised $ 8,000. Edward Everett ,

3600-611: The nucleus of the 4,000-acre (16 km ) Piscataway Park . This has helped preserve the landscape as the Washingtons would have seen it. On June 22, 2012, the Association purchased Washington's personal copy of the United States Constitution at auction for $ 9.8 million. The bound volume was specially printed for Washington in 1789, his first year in office as president, and contains his handwritten notes and markings. George Washington books and manuscripts purchased by

3672-442: The population. There were 1,908 households, of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.5% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

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3744-674: The required funds, which they hoped to turn over to the governor of Virginia for the eventual purchase of the estate. On February 22, 1854, the first public fundraising meeting took place in South Carolina in Cunningham's home, raising $ 293.75. On July 12, 1854, a second meeting to discuss for formation of an association took place in Richmond, Virginia , attended by 30 ladies and several gentlemen including Governor Joseph Johnson . Additional fundraising activity took place in Georgia and Alabama. By

3816-549: The right to vote "to protect homes and children." In 1895, when the Women's Congress resolved for the passage of a federal amendment, Hearst supported it "distantly". She officially declared herself in favor of suffrage in the summer of 1911, saying it would enable "the betterment of conditions affecting children and women particularly." Hearst was raised a member of the Christian Cumberland Presbyterian community in

3888-470: The services of his seven slaves for hire. Editor Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune published a scathing article condemning his actions while encouraging the MVLA to finally take Mount Vernon away from his clutches. Other abolitionists questioned whether it made sense to contribute money if John Augustine Washington refused to free his slaves. In the end, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of

3960-570: The spring of 1901 Hearst also met with Sarah Farmer again, and invested again in Green Acre, as it came to be called, in 1902, and, further, an agent of Hearst acted for Sarah Farmer when she changed her will in 1909 to bequeath Green Acre to the Baháʼís in the event of Farmer's death. Hearst had also been a victim of an incident seeking to extort money from her, which had caused her estrangement from some Bahá'ís. In October 1912, she invited ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, who

4032-472: The state of Virginia had been unwilling to assume ownership of Mount Vernon, apparently moving him to tears. Meanwhile, John Augustine Washington wrote to William Foushee Ritchie that he still thought the MVLA's plan was "preposterous"; he predicted the women would mismanage the estate and that Mount Vernon would eventually revert to Virginia anyway. For the next few years, Cunningham kept in regular contact with John Augustine Washington, assuring him that she

4104-479: The state of Virginia, the Philadelphia committee "dropped the whole like a hot potato" and considered sending their own delegation to ask Congress to buy it instead. Meanwhile, the Virginia state committee declared that as representatives of the "native state of Washington," it should be recognized as the predominant committee, undermining Cunningham's efforts to encourage Unionwide cooperation. Cunningham regarded

4176-481: The surrounding areas. The district consists of four schools: St. Clair High School , St. Clair Junior High School, St. Clair Edgar Murray Elementary School, and St. Clair Elementary. Other schools include Cornerstone Christian Academy. St. Clair has a public library , a branch of the Scenic Regional Library system. Mount Vernon Ladies%27 Association The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of

4248-504: The very first Westerners to make the pilgrimage and meet ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. Hearst later wrote, "Those three days were the most memorable days of my life." Yet after the first pilgrimage attempts at correspondence on behalf of Hearst by Lua Getsinger were leaked naming her involvement in the religion at a time of rising considerations of her son's political activities and so Hearst dismissed the Getsingers from their stay at her home in 1901. Still in

4320-520: The vice regents of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association faced opposition from abolitionists and others who objected to Mount Vernon's status as a slave plantation . Vice Regent Abba Isabella Chamberlain Little of Maine reported that some Northerners refused to contribute based on principle, even if it meant yielding Washington's legacy to the South. In Minnesota, Vice Regent Sarah Jane Steele Sibley found that

4392-593: The visitor experience. The William Randolph Hearst Foundation continues to fund projects at Mount Vernon in her memory. Hearst also donated money to the restoration of Pohick Church in Virginia, and donated a pipe organ to St. Stephen's Church in California, where she was also a parishoner. Hearst chose a "different way" than radical feminists. While she believed in women having financial freedom, in her support for women's suffrage she did not strongly believe in women gaining political power. She thought women should have

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4464-413: The word "Ladies'" and added "of the Union" to the name of the association. One of the key advocates of the 1856 charter was Anna Cora Mowatt , a well-known actress who had recently married William Foushee Ritchie, a son of Thomas Ritchie whose family was influential in Virginia state politics. Mrs. Ritchie had first met Cunningham in the fall of 1854 and promptly accepted the position of Secretary of

4536-572: The worldwide influenza epidemic of 1918–1919 , and was buried at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, California . Saint Clair, Missouri St. Clair is a city in Franklin County , Missouri , United States. The population was 4,791 at the 2020 census. St. Clair is located between the Meramec River to the southeast and the Bourbeuse River to the northwest. Interstate 44 passes along

4608-638: Was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.11. The median age in the city was 33.1 years. 26.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.1% were from 25 to 44; 23% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.1% male and 52.9% female. Since 2005 the unemployment rate in St. Clair, Missouri has ranged from 4.4% in April 2007 to 13.3% in January 2009. The current unemployment rate for St. Clair

4680-446: Was 41 years old, and Phoebe was 19. Soon after their marriage, the couple left Missouri and moved to San Francisco, California , where Phoebe gave birth to their only child, William Randolph Hearst . As a very successful miner who later became a U.S. senator, George often left Phoebe alone during his work. She and her son were close and had many similar interests, including art and design. After Phoebe's death in 1919, William inherited

4752-450: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.05. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.5 males. The median income for

4824-645: Was a major benefactor of the University of California, Berkeley , and its first woman regent , serving on the board from 1897 until her death. That year, she contributed to the establishment of the National Congress of Mothers, which evolved eventually into the National Parent-Teacher Association . In 1900, she co-founded the all-girls National Cathedral School in Washington, DC . A nearby public elementary school bears her name. Hearst funded

4896-463: Was appalled to see the badly deteriorated condition of Washington's home. Writer Gerald W. Johnson later described the sight she saw: The paint was peeling from the walls, the roof was sagging, at least one of the great pillars along the front had collapsed and been replaced by scantlings , the lawn was waist-high in rioting weeds. It was a picture of neglect, decay, and desolation, and the passenger could not get it out of her mind. Cunningham had

4968-452: Was defending his honor – and his asking price for Mount Vernon – at every turn. On one occasion, she sent him a newspaper article in which she had rebuked John Augustine Washington's critics as "a band of 'abolitionists' playing into the hands of 'speculators'". On April 6, 1858, John Augustine Washington III finally signed a contract to sell Mount Vernon to the MVLA. He agreed to sell the mansion, outbuildings, and 202 surrounding acres to

5040-716: Was shocked to see May Bolles (later Maxwell), later a well known American member of the Baháʼí Faith, bedridden with the chronic malady with which she had been afflicted. Hearst invited Bolles to travel to Palestine with her, believing that the change of air would be conducive to her health. Getsinger disclosed to Bolles the purpose of the journey: a pilgrimage to visit the then head of the Baháʼí Faith: ʻAbdu'l-Bahá . The group travelled to Akka and Haifa in Ottoman Palestine on pilgrimage, arriving on December 14, 1898. They were

5112-510: Was that "Northern capitalists" and speculators might intervene to purchase Mount Vernon and turn it into a hotel resort. On December 2, 1853, Cunningham wrote an open letter titled "Appeal to the Ladies of the South" using the nom-de-plume "A Southern Matron". The letter was first published in the Charleston Mercury and subsequently appeared in other newspapers. In the letter, she urged other Southern women to join her in protecting

5184-518: Was travelling throughout the United States, to stay at her home for a long weekend, even though at that time she had become estranged from the Bahá'í community. During his stay, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mentioned that anyone who tried to extort money or goods from others should not be considered a true Bahá'í. She died at her home, Hacienda del Pozo de Verona , in Pleasanton, California , aged 76, on April 13, 1919, during

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