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48-480: Phinda has seven distinct ecosystems ranging from palm savannah and mountain bush to rare sand forest and dense thornveld. In 1992 the reserve joined with two neighboring land owners to create the Mun-Ya-Wana Game Reserve. Through various land expansion projects, acquisitions, and agreements with local communities, the conservancy has grown to 286 km (110 sq mi). The original idea for Phinda

96-528: A TV channel dedicated to their live safari drives. The channel is currently only available in South Africa on DStv . WildEarth have also produced several shows for Nat Geo Wild from 2017 to 2019, including Predator Bloodlines and The Hyena Whisperer. In 2021, the brand launched as an online channel through Xumo in the United States. Later on in the year, WildEarth launched an app on which people can watch

144-1346: A fraction of West Africa, but harbours 322 of West Africa's fish species, with 247 being restricted to this area and 129 being restricted to even smaller ranges. The central river's fauna comprises 194 fish species, with 119 endemics and only 33 restricted to small areas. The marine diversity is greatest near the Indian Ocean shore with about 2000 species. Characteristic to African fauna are Perciformes ( Lates , tilapias , Dichistiidae , Anabantidae , Mudskippers , Parachanna , Acentrogobius , Croilia , Glossogobius , Hemichromis , Nanochromis , Oligolepis , Oreochromis , Redigobius , Sarotherodon , Stenogobius and others), Gonorhynchiformes ( Kneriidae , Phractolaemidae ), some lungfishes ( Protopterus ), many Characiformes ( Distichodontidae , Hepsetidae , Citharinidae , Alestiidae ), Osteoglossiformes ( African knifefish , Gymnarchidae , Mormyridae , Pantodontidae ), Siluriformes ( Amphiliidae , Anchariidae , Ariidae , Austroglanididae , Clariidae , Claroteidae , Malapteruridae , Mochokidae , Schilbeidae ), Osmeriformes ( Galaxiidae ), Cyprinodontiformes ( Aplocheilidae , Poeciliidae ) and Cypriniformes ( Labeobarbus , Pseudobarbus , Tanakia and others). Endemic to Africa are

192-829: A hunting incident that took place at Karongwe in 2013) and Ecotraining Pridelands Reserve, and sometimes in the Maasai Mara in Kenya when legalities and finances permit. Previous locations were Tswalu Game Reserve in the Kalahari , Karongwe Private Game Reserve and Arathusa. The first hour of the live drives were once broadcast by the South African Broadcasting Corporation , and the full drives have been broadcast in China by China Global Television Network from 15 August-15 September 2020. On 25 August 2020, WildEarth have launched

240-456: A management contract with Londolozi before expanding into East Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana. By the late 1990s all the original founding group were no longer with the holding company and the name was changed from The Conservation Corporation Africa to &Beyond. Phinda pioneered the use of release bomas for predator reintroductions and also how to handle adult elephant that escaped with only locally available machinery and equipment that changed

288-800: A return well in excess of 20% per annum for over 30 years. As of May 2020, the South African company WildEarth have broadcast drives from Phinda in collaboration with &Beyond. Wildlife inhabiting this reserve include elephant , giraffe , zebra , lion , African wild dog , blue wildebeest , Cape buffalo , hippopotamus , southern white rhinoceros , south-central black rhinoceros , suni, spotted hyena , cheetah and leopard . [REDACTED] Media related to Phinda Private Game Reserve at Wikimedia Commons 27°46′30″S 32°21′00″E  /  27.775°S 32.350°E  / -27.775; 32.350 WildEarth WildEarth (founded in 2006 by Emily Wallington and Graham Wallington)

336-538: A vast range. South Africa has one of the highest proportions of Lycaenid butterflies (48%) for any region in the world with many species restricted in range. North Africa is in the Palaearctic region and has a different species assemblage. Genera which are species rich in Africa include Charaxes , Acraea , Colotis and Papilio , most notably Papilio antimachus and Papilio zalmoxis . The tribe Liptenini

384-662: Is endemic to the Afrotropics and includes species rich genera such as Ornipholidotos , Liptenara , Pentila , Baliochila , Hypophytala , Teriomima , Deloneura and Mimacraea . The Miletinae are mostly African, notably Lachnocnema . Other endemic lycaenids include the genus Alaena . Endemic Nymphalidae include Euphaedra , Bebearia , Heteropsis , Precis , Pseudacraea , Bicyclus and Euxanthe . Endemic Pieridae include Pseudopontia paradoxa and Mylothris . Endemic skippers include Sarangesa and Kedestes . The highest species diversity

432-785: Is a British-South African broadcasting and conservation company primarily based at Djuma Game Reserve , part of the Sabi Sand Game Reserve in South Africa, who focus on connecting people with African Wildlife . The company is best known for its live drives (formerly known as SafariLive during WildEarth's partnership with National Geographic from 2017 to 2019), which take place twice a day in Sabi Sands and Pridelands. Former locations included Tswalu Kalahari, Karongwe Private Game Reserve, Phinda, Ngala and Arathusa. The company has been featured on news broadcasts such as CNN , The Washington Post , NBC News , Yahoo! and BBC News due to

480-462: Is especially rich in Afromontane regions, and there are some endemic families in Africa (e.g. Achatinidae , Chlamydephoridae ) but other tropical families are common too ( Charopidae , Streptaxidae , Cyclophoridae , Subulinidae , Rhytididae ). 156 tardigrade species have been found, and about 8000 species of arachnids . The African millipede Archispirostreptus gigas is one of the largest in

528-549: Is home to numerous songbirds ( pipits , orioles , antpeckers , brubrus , cisticolas , nigritas , olivebacks , pytilias , green-backed twinspot , crimson-wings , seedcrackers , bluebills , firefinches , waxbills , amandavas , quailfinches , munias , weavers , tit-hylia , Amadina , Anthoscopus , Mirafra , Hypargos , Eremomela , Euschistospiza , Erythrocercus , Malimbus , Pitta , Uraeginthus , pied crow , white-necked raven , thick-billed raven , Cape crow and others). The red-billed quelea

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576-554: Is in the Democratic Republic of the Congo , home to 2,040 species 181 of which are endemic. Africa is the richest continent of freshwater fish, with about 3000 species. The East African Great Lakes ( Victoria , Malawi , and Tanganyika ) are the center of biodiversity of many fish, especially cichlids (they harbor more than two-thirds of the estimated 2000 species in the family). The West African coastal rivers region covers only

624-711: Is restricted to Madagascar . The African list of ungulates is longer than in any other continent. The largest number of modern bovids is found in Africa ( African buffalo , duikers , impala , rhebok , Reduncinae , oryx , dik-dik , klipspringer , oribi , gerenuk , true gazelles , hartebeest , wildebeest , dibatag , eland , Tragelaphus , Hippotragus , Neotragus , Raphicerus , Damaliscus ). Other even-toed ungulates include giraffes , okapis , hippopotamuses , warthogs , giant forest hogs , red river hogs and bushpigs . Odd-toed ungulates are represented by three species of zebras , African wild ass , black and white rhinoceros . The biggest African mammal

672-461: Is the African bush elephant , the second largest being its smaller counterpart, the African forest elephant . Four species of pangolins can be found in Africa. African fauna contains 216 species of primates . Four species of great apes ( Hominidae ) are endemic to Africa: both species of gorilla ( western gorilla , Gorilla gorilla , and eastern gorilla , Gorilla beringei ) and both species of

720-580: Is the most abundant bird species in the world. Of the 589 species of birds (excluding seabirds) that breed in the Palaearctic (temperate Europe and Asia), 40% spend the winter elsewhere. Of those species that leave for the winter, 98% travel south to Africa. More than 1100 mammal species live in Africa. Africa has three endemic orders of mammals, the Tubulidentata ( aardvarks ), Afrosoricida ( tenrecs and golden moles ), and Macroscelidea ( elephant shrews ). The current mammalian phylogeny recognizes

768-509: The Messinian salinity crisis (for example introduction of Murinae , immigrants from southern Asia ) During the early Tertiary , Africa was covered by a vast evergreen forest inhabited by an endemic forest fauna with many types common to southern Asia. In the Pliocene the climate became dry and most of the forest was destroyed, the forest animals taking refuge in the remaining forest islands. At

816-601: The West African crocodile , two species of slender-snouted crocodile , and 1-3 species of dwarf crocodile ) are also present. There live (temporarily or permanently) more than 2600 bird species in Africa (about 1500 of them passerines ). Some 114 of them are threatened species. The Afrotropic has various endemic bird families, including ostriches (Struthionidae), mesites , sunbirds , secretary bird (Sagittariidae), guineafowl (Numididae), and mousebirds (Coliidae). Also, several families of passerines are limited to

864-514: The buzzards , harriers , Old World vultures , bateleur , Circaetus , Melierax and others. Trogons are represented by one genus ( Apaloderma ). African penguin is the only penguin species. Madagascar was once home to the now extinct elephant birds . Mauritius was once home to the now extinct endemic bird species, the being notably the Dodo bird and also the Mauritius blue pigeon . Africa

912-997: The pythonids ( Python ), typhlopids ( Typhlops ) and leptotyphlopids ( Leptotyphlops , Rhinoleptus ). Of the lizards , many species of geckos ( day geckos , Afroedura , Afrogecko , Colopus , Pachydactylus , Hemidactylus , Narudasia , Paroedura , Pristurus , Quedenfeldtia , Rhoptropus , Tropiocolotes , Uroplatus ), Cordylidae , as well as Lacertidae ( Nucras , Lacerta , Mesalina , Acanthodactylus , Pedioplanis ), Agamas , skinks , plated lizards and some monitor lizards are common. There are 12 genera and 58 species of African amphisbaenians (e.g. Chirindia , Zygaspis , Monopeltis , Dalophia ). Several genera of tortoises ( Kinixys , Pelusios , Psammobates , Geochelone , Homopus , Chersina ), turtles ( Pelomedusidae , Cyclanorbis , Cycloderma , Erymnochelys ), and 5-7 species of crocodiles (the Nile crocodile ,

960-418: The tropics , and equally to north and south of the equator creates favorable conditions for rich wildlife. Africa is home to many of the world's most famous fauna in human culture such as lions ‚ rhinos ‚ cheetahs ‚ giraffes ‚ antelope , hippos , leopards , zebras ‚ and African elephants among many others. Whereas the earliest traces of life in fossil record of Africa date back to the earliest times,

1008-981: The Afrotropical amphibians, there is least concern about their conservation status; approximately 130 species are endangered, about one-fourth of which are at a critical stage. Almost all of the amphibians of Madagascar (238 species ) are endemic to that region. The West African goliath frog is the largest frog species in the world. The center of chameleon diversity is Madagascar. Snakes found in Africa include atractaspidids , elapids ( cobras , Aspidelaps , Boulengerina , Dendroaspis , Elapsoidea , Hemachatus , Homoroselaps and Paranaja ), viperines , ( Atheris , Bitis , Cerastes , Causus , Echis , Macrovipera , Montatheris , Proatheris , Vipera ), colubrids ( Dendrolycus , Dispholidus , Gonionotophis , Grayia , Hormonotus , Lamprophis , Psammophis , Leioheterodon , Madagascarophis , Poecilopholis , Dasypeltis etc.),

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1056-933: The Afrotropics. These include rock-jumpers (Chaetopidae), bushshrikes (Malaconotidae), wattle-eyes , (Platysteiridae) and rockfowl (Picathartidae). Other common birds include parrots ( lovebirds , Poicephalus , Psittacus ), various cranes ( crowned cranes , blue crane , wattled crane ), storks ( marabous , Abdim's stork , saddle-billed stork ), herons ( slaty egret , black heron , goliath heron ), shoebill , bustards ( kori bustard , Neotis , Eupodotis , Lissotis ), sandgrouse ( Pterocles ), Coraciiformes ( bee-eaters , hornbills , Ceratogymna ), phasians , Congo peafowl , blue quail , harlequin quail , stone partridge , Madagascar partridge ). The woodpeckers and allies include honeyguides , African barbets , African piculet , ground woodpecker , Dendropicos and Campethera . The birds of prey include

1104-623: The best known group of insects. The caterpillars of mopani moth are part of the South African cuisine. Among the numerous species of African beetles are the famous sacred scarab , the centaurus beetle , manticora tiger beetles and enormous Goliath beetles . Hotspots for butterflies include the Congolian forests and the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic . Some butterflies ( Hamanumida daedalus , Precis , Eurema ) are grassland or savannah specialists. Many of these have very large populations and

1152-515: The biggest number of termite genera of all continents, and over 1,000 termite species. Of Diptera , the number of described African species is about 17,000. Natalimyzidae, a new family of acalyptrate flies has been recently described from South Africa . Anopheles gambiae , Aedes aegypti and tsetse fly are important vectors of diseases. 1600 species of bees and 2000 species of ants among other Hymenopterans are known from Africa. There live also 3,607 species of butterflies , being

1200-568: The break-up of Gondwanaland early in the Cretaceous , but was probably connected to the mainland again in the Eocene . The first Neogene faunal interchange took place in the Middle Miocene (the introduction of Myocricetodontinae , Democricetodontinae , and Dendromurinae ). A major terrestrial faunal exchange between North Africa and Europe began at about 6.1 Ma, some 0.4 Myr before the beginning of

1248-658: The camera can also be found on Djuma's official YouTube page. Animals that are seen on the WildEarth drives and live camera include a variety of birds, insects, antelope spotted hyenas , lions, leopard , hippopotamus and elephants . Rhinoceros are not shown on the broadcasts except for in Phinda and the Maasai Mara due to threat of poaching . As of August 2022, rhinos are shown on Sabi Sands, but only if they're de-horned. Plants are also shown and discussed as they are of importance to

1296-1257: The clade Afrotheria (often viewed as a superorder ), which includes the exclusively African orders, as well as others believed to be of African origin. The East African plains are well known for their diversity of large mammals. African Eulipotyphla include the subfamilies Myosoricinae and Crocidurinae . Hedgehogs include desert hedgehogs , Atelerix and others. The rodents are represented by African bush squirrels , African ground squirrels , African striped squirrels , gerbils , cane rats , acacia rats , Nesomyidae , springhare , mole rats , dassie rats , striped grass mice , sun squirrels , thicket rats , Old World porcupines , target rats , maned rats , Deomyinae , Aethomys , Arvicanthis , Colomys , Dasymys , Dephomys , Epixerus , Grammomys , Graphiurus , Hybomys , Hylomyscus , Malacomys , Mastomys , Mus , Mylomys , Myomyscus , Oenomys , Otomys , Parotomys , Pelomys , Praomys , Rhabdomys , Stenocephalemys and many others. African rabbits and hares include riverine rabbit , Bunyoro rabbit , Cape hare , scrub hare , Ethiopian highland hare , African savanna hare , Abyssinian hare and several species of Pronolagus . Among

1344-417: The concept of acquiring farm land and reintroducing big game was further developed. In 1989, after several failed attempts to secure the capital required, Alan Bernstein joined the group and worked on the business plan and capital raising strategy. Alan Bernstein and Jane Edge asked Dave Varty of Londolozi to join the founding group to add his safari tourism expertise to the founders. After several false starts

1392-520: The drives and live camera, and to also form a connection with the animals. Most of the animals are named when they are between five months to one year old. African Wildlife The fauna of Africa , in its broader sense, is all the animals living in Africa and its surrounding seas and islands. The more characteristic African fauna is found in the Afro-tropical realm . Lying almost entirely within

1440-412: The drives. The app has been made available on most mobile devices and smart TVs. In 2022, the brand was made available on FAST channel's Plex platforms and RAD NFTV. Every morning and evening ( Central Africa Time ), Wildearth broadcast 3-hour live drives that take place at Sabi Sands, Ngala, Phinda, Maasai Mara, and Pridelands. These drives feature trained safari guides (referred to as "naturalists" on

1488-530: The ecosystem, and sometimes have medicinal properties. Some animals featured on the live drives have been named by the guides, lodges and viewers. These include the hyenas, lions and leopards. Some named animals include Ribbon, Corky, Ntima, Ndebele (members of the Djuma hyena clan, with Ribbon as the former matriarch and Corky as the current matriarch), Tingana and Thandi (leopards). These names are used to help viewers and guides identify different animals featured on both

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1536-572: The endemic fauna and partly from steppe forms that adapted themselves to forest life, while the present savanna fauna is similarly explained. The isolation in past times has resulted in the presence of closely related subspecies in widely separated regions Africa, where humans originated, shows much less evidence of loss in the Pleistocene megafaunal extinction, perhaps because co-evolution of large animals alongside early humans provided enough time for them to develop effective defenses. Its situation in

1584-869: The families Arthroleptidae , Astylosternidae , Heleophrynidae , Hemisotidae , Hyperoliidae , Petropedetidae , Mantellidae . Also widespread are Bufonidae ( Bufo , Churamiti , Capensibufo , Mertensophryne , Nectophryne , Nectophrynoides , Schismaderma , Stephopaedes , Werneria , Wolterstorffina ), Microhylidae ( Breviceps , Callulina , Probreviceps , Cophylinae , Dyscophus , Melanobatrachinae , Scaphiophryninae ), Rhacophoridae ( Chiromantis ), Ranidae ( Afrana , Amietia , Amnirana , Aubria , Conraua , Hildebrandtia , Lanzarana , Ptychadena , Strongylopus , Tomopterna ) and Pipidae ( Hymenochirus , Pseudhymenochirus , Xenopus ). The 2002–2004 'Global Amphibian Assessment' by IUCN , Conservation International and NatureServe revealed that for only about 50% of

1632-498: The fauna as a whole (it has been estimated that the African insects make up about 10-20% of the global insect species richness, and about 15% of new species descriptions come from Afrotropics ). The only endemic African insect order is Mantophasmatodea . About 875 African species of dragonflies have been recorded. The migratory locust and desert locust have been serious threats to African economies and human welfare. Africa has

1680-512: The few Onychophorans , Peripatopsis and Opisthopatus live in Africa. Greatest diversity of freshwater mollusks is found in East African lakes. Of marine snails, less diversity is present in Atlantic coast, more in tropical Western Indian Ocean region (over 3000 species of gastropods with 81 endemic species). Cowry shells have been used as a money by native Africans. The land snail fauna

1728-878: The formation of African fauna as we know it today, began with the splitting up of the Gondwana supercontinent in the mid- Mesozoic era . After that, four to six faunal assemblages, the so-called African Faunal Strata (AFSs) can be distinguished. The isolation of Africa was broken intermittently by discontinuous "filter routes" that linked it to some other Gondwanan continents ( Madagascar , South America , and perhaps India ), but mainly to Laurasia . Interchanges with Gondwana were rare and mainly "out-of-Africa" dispersals, whereas interchanges with Laurasia were numerous and bidirectional, although mainly from Laurasia to Africa. Despite these connections, isolation resulted in remarkable absences, poor diversity, and emergence of endemic taxa in Africa. Madagascar separated from continental Africa during

1776-479: The live-chat. These drives have been broadcast since 2007, and some older drives have been archived by viewers. This 45 minute kids segment was dropped on 1 July 2020 as many schools had closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic . WildEarth also upload highlights from drives (such as sightings of young animals or predator kills) onto their YouTube channel. A live camera (Often referred to as the "Dam Cam" by fans of WildEarth)

1824-494: The marine mammals there are several species of dolphins , 2 species of sirenians and seals (e.g. Cape fur seals ). Of the carnivorans there are 60 species, including the conspicuous hyenas , lions , leopards , cheetahs , serval , African wild dog as well as the less prominent and understudied Side-striped jackal , striped polecat , African striped weasel , caracal , honey badger , speckle-throated otter , several mongooses , foxes and civets . The family Eupleridae

1872-472: The popularity and viewship of the live drives increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic , which has restricted international travel to and from Africa. From 2020 to 2021, WildEarth collaborated with guiding companies such as AndBeyond, who broadcast the drives from both Ngala and Phinda Reserves (starting from April 2020), Eco Training, who broadcast the drives from Karongwe between April 2019 to May 2019 (these drives were prematurely ended, however, due to

1920-729: The required capital was raised through the Master Bond Group and the core farms, now collectively known as Phinda North, were acquired and the Phinda Resource Reserve was born in early 1990. Master Bond later ran into liquidity problems before the first lodge, then known as Phinda Nyala (now Mountain Lodge), was fully complete. Alan Bernstein was already busy with refinancing the business through an investment banking team from Hambros Bank in London led by Jonathan Klein. With Hambros enough capital

1968-401: The same time a broad land-bridge connected Africa with Asia and there was a great invasion of animals of the steppe fauna into Africa. At the beginning of the Pleistocene a moist period set in and much of the forest was renewed while the grassland fauna was divided and isolated, as the forest fauna had previously been. The present forest fauna is therefore of double origin, partly descended of

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2016-427: The show) who take viewers around the area and also provide information about what is being seen, as well as a camera operator who films the plants and animals that are being shown during the drive. At one time, the start is of each drive was a 45-minute "Kids" segment, where children can ask question via emailing WildEarth. After this segment ends, a 2-hour 45-minute segment starts, where other viewers can ask question via

2064-754: The tropics spared it also from Pleistocene glaciations and the climate has not changed much. There are large gaps in human knowledge about African invertebrates. East Africa has a rich coral fauna with about 400 known species. More than 400 species of Echinoderms and 500 species of Bryozoa live there too, as well as one Cubozoan species ( Carybdea alata ). Of nematodes , the Onchocerca volvulus , Necator americanus , Wuchereria bancrofti and Dracunculus medinensis are human parasites. Some of important plant-parasitic nematodes of crops include Meloidogyne , Pratylenchus , Hirschmanniella , Radopholus , Scutellonema and Helicotylenchus . Of

2112-495: The way elephant were handled in capture operations. However, Phinda's legacy is proving that restocking agricultural land with wildlife managed on a sustainable basis was way more economically viable than agriculture. The land value at acquisition in early 1990 averaged R1,250/ha and today similar land in the Munyawana Game Reserve of which Phinda is a core part sells for prices in excess of R50,000/ha (2023). This represents

2160-501: The world. 20 genera of freshwater crabs are present. The soil animal communities tropical Africa are poorly known. A few ecological studies have been undertaken on macrofauna, mainly in West Africa. Earthworms are being extensively studied in West and South Africa. Approximately 100,000 species of insects have been described from Sub-Saharan Africa , but there are very few overviews of

2208-506: Was developed by Kevin Leo-Smith in 1986, when his company Agri-Plan Estates was offered the core Phinda South farm then known as Zulu Nyala, for sale. A deeds and map search showed that Zulu Nyala strategically lay between the Mkuze and Lake St. Lucia Game Reserves. Kevin Leo-Smith was then joined by Trevor Coppen, a lawyer and entrepreneur from Durban and later by Andrew Montgomery, a town planner and

2256-609: Was raised to rescue Phinda from what was a near disaster to found the Conservation Corporation Africa (CC Africa). The core investors included the Getty Family and various Anglo-American entities and private individuals. Phinda was a subsidiary of CC Africa. CC Africa then rapidly expanded adding Ngala Lodge, the first private lodge in the Kruger National Park, as well as building Phinda Forest Lodge and adding

2304-496: Was set up near Vyutela Dam, located at Djuma Private Game Reserve in 1998. This live camera can be viewed on the Djuma Private Game Reserve YouTube Channel and is active for 24 hours a day. The camera is remotely operated by global volunteers known as "zoomies" and allows viewers to observe the local flora and fauna of the area. Highlights of individual animals (such as lions or elephants) that are seen on

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