The 1961 Intercontinental Cup was a football match between Uruguayan club Peñarol , winners of the 1961 Copa Libertadores , and Portuguese club Benfica , winners of the 1960–61 European Cup . Peñarol won the Intercontinental Cup for the first time.
106-581: Club Atlético Peñarol ( Spanish pronunciation: [kluβ aˈtletiko peɲaˈɾol] ), more commonly referred to as Peñarol , is a Uruguayan professional football club based in Montevideo . The club currently competes in the Uruguayan Primera División, the highest tier in Uruguayan football. The name derives from the neighbourhood on the outskirts of Montevideo. Its origin dates back to
212-426: A Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ) in a middle latitude, the city experiences the four seasons. It has cool winters (June to August), warm to hot summers (December to February), mild autumns (March to May) and volatile springs (September to November); The climate is characterized by having mild temperatures, without harsh cold or extreme heat. There are numerous thunderstorms but no tropical cyclones. Rainfall
318-625: A per capita of $ 30,148. In 2018, it was classified as a beta global city ranking eighth in Latin America and 84th in the world. Montevideo hosted every match during the first FIFA World Cup , in 1930. Described as a "vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life", and "a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture", Montevideo ranked eighth in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index. The city has preserved European architecture, being considered one of
424-577: A 2-0 victory. Since then, they have faced each other in more than 500 occasions. As of 2024, Peñarol currently holds the advantage in the head-to-head record. On 28 September 1891, employees of the Central Uruguay Railway Company established the Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club (CURCC) of Montevideo, with the purpose of stimulating the practice of cricket , rugby football and "other male sports" (literal from
530-486: A Peñarol team known as the Máquina del 49 ("Machine of 49"), Nacional supporters claim it was a protest against poor officiating. On 23 April 1987 for a friendly game, Peñarol and Nacional were tied 1–1 with 22 minutes remaining when three Peñarol players ( José Perdomo , José Herrera and Ricardo Viera ) were ejected after a foul and subsequent protests. Peñarol then had to face a full Nacional team with only eight players on
636-468: A black background (representing the eleven players). Since its founding, Peñarol's colors have been yellow and black. They were inspired by the Rocket locomotive designed by George Stephenson , which won an award in 1829. The first jersey was a plain shirt, divided into four square sections which alternated black and yellow. A variant had two vertical halves (black on the right and black-and-yellow stripes on
742-700: A famous incident involving the German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee took place in Punta del Este , 200 kilometers (120 mi) from Montevideo. After the Battle of the River Plate with the Royal Navy and Royal New Zealand Navy on 13 December 1939, the Graf Spee retreated to Montevideo's port, which was considered neutral at the time. To avoid risking the crew in what he thought would be
848-527: A few days. Rainfall and sleet are a frequent winter occurrence, but snowfall is extremely rare: flurries have been recorded only four times but with no accumulation, the last one on 13 July 1930 during the inaugural match of the World Cup , (the other three snowfalls were in 1850, 1853 and 1917); the alleged 1980 Carrasco snowfall was actually a hailstorm . Summers are warm-hot and humid, with less wind than other seasons. The average temperature in this season
954-539: A gymnasium with artificial turf. The Frank Henderson School, named in honor of the club's first president, is a few kilometers away from the Centro de Alto Rendimiento. It was built to develop the club's young players, and houses those who come from other areas. In Uruguayan football, loyalty to Peñarol or Nacional divides the country. The clubs are evenly matched, and have a large fan base. Many surveys of public opinion have been conducted, but none have been conclusive. In 1993
1060-549: A large central square called Towers Square. World Trade Center 1 was the first building to be inaugurated, in 1998. It has 22 floors and 17,100 square meters of space. That same year the avenue and the auditorium were raised. World Trade Center 2 was inaugurated in 2002, a twin tower of World Trade Center 1. Finally, in 2009, World Trade Center 3 and the World Trade Center Plaza and the Towers Square were inaugurated. It
1166-496: A large mass in Tres Cruces , declaring the cross located behind the altar as a monument. In 1988, he returned to the country, visiting Montevideo, Florida , Salto and Melo . The 2002 Uruguay banking crisis affected several industries of Montevideo. In 2017, the city has maintained 15 years of economic growth, with a GDP of $ 44 billion, and a GDP per capita of $ 25,900. Montevideo has consistently been rated as having
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#17330844948361272-520: A losing battle, Captain Hans Langsdorff scuttled the ship on 17 December. Langsdorff committed suicide two days later. The eagle figurehead of the Graf Spee was salvaged on 10 February 2006. Uruguay began to stagnate economically in the mid-1950s; Montevideo began a decline, later exacerbated by widespread social and political violence beginning in 1968 (including the emergence of the guerrilla Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros ) and by
1378-485: A match with Peñarol, Csaba Györffy , player at FC Brașov , received from Peñarol's captain Alberto Spencer the shirt with which he played. Györffy was fascinated by the combination of yellow and black stripes and decided at the return in the country to wear the shirt during his training sessions with the team. The decision to change the colors of the club was taken by coach Silviu Ploeşteanu , who considered that, in
1484-468: A mayor elected by the citizens registered in the constituency. This division, according to the Municipality of Montevideo, "aims to advance political and administrative decentralization in the department of Montevideo, with the aim of deepening the democratic participation of citizens in governance." The head of each Municipio is called an alcalde or (if female) alcaldesa . Of much greater importance
1590-448: A name change to "CURCC Peñarol". In June 1913, the proposals were rejected; the company wanted to distance itself from the club's local reputation. The railroad company, decided to separate the " foot-ball " section of the team from the company on Saturday 13 December 1913. That is when Peñarol was founded. The following day it was the first time a " Clasico " was officially played between Nacional and Peñarol. CURCC kept playing football in
1696-475: A natural border between Montevideo and San José Department to its west. To the city's north and east is Canelones Department , with the stream of Carrasco forming the eastern natural border. The coastline forming the city's southern border is interspersed with rocky protrusions and sandy beaches. The Bay of Montevideo forms a natural harbor, the nation's largest and one of the largest in the Southern Cone , and
1802-611: A new league, the Uruguayan Football Federation (FUF), and the club won the 1924 championship. The league was short-lived; Peñarol won the 1926 Copa del Consejo Provisorio, triggering a merger between the AUF and the FUF. In 1927, Peñarol made its first tour to Europe, playing a total of 19 matches against teams from Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Spain, Czechoslovakia and France. The tour extended from April to June. The first match of
1908-519: A new stadium ( Las Acacias ) opened on 19 May 1916. The club won its first two league titles in 1918 and 1920 . In November 1922 the Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol (AUF) disqualified Peñarol because the club played an exhibition game with Racing , an Argentine club affiliated with Asociación Amateurs de Football (a dissident association established in 1919 that rivalized with the official entity, AFA ). Peñarol and other clubs then organised
2014-411: A plan was drawn delineating the city and designating it as San Felipe y Santiago de Montevideo , later shortened to Montevideo. The census counted more than 100 families of Galician and Canary Islands origin, more than 1000 indigenous people, mostly Guaraní , as well as some trafficked slaves of Bantu origin . A few years after its foundation, Montevideo became the main city of the region north of
2120-459: A position that entailed comparisons to the role of Brussels in Europe. The 2019 Mercer's report on quality of life, rated Montevideo first in Latin America, a rank the city has consistently held since 2005. As of 2010 , Montevideo was the 19th largest city economy in the continent and 9th highest income earner among major cities . In 2022, it has a projected GDP of $ 53.9 billion, with
2226-592: A promising club in national and international football. The introduction of the FIFA World Cup in 1930 helped elevate the presence of Uruguayan football, including Peñarol; several members of the team were products of the club. The start of the 1940s ushered in a golden generation for Peñarol, as the following four decades the club would have won several international tournaments led by generational talents including Diego Aguirre, Néstor Gonçalves, Fernando Morena, Juan Alberto Schiaffino, and Alberto Spencer. By
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#17330844948362332-571: A rebel army and began a long civil war, the Guerra Grande , which lasted until 1851. The city of Montevideo suffered a siege of eight years between 1843 and 1851 , during which it was supplied by sea with British and French support. By 1843 Montevideo's population of thirty thousand inhabitants was highly cosmopolitan with Uruguayans making up only a third of it. The remaining were chiefly Italian (4205), Spanish (3406), Argentine (2553), Portuguese (659), English (606) and Brazilians (492). Oribe, with
2438-520: A sign of good faith, Nacional also retired from the league, since both teams agreed that "Los Partidos se ganan en la Cancha", or "matches are won on the pitch". Back in competition the following year, relations between the CUR and the club became frostier after fans burned a train car used for rival teams. A year after the club's 1911 Uruguayan championship , the club attempted reforms to its policies. Proposals included greater participation by non-CUR players and
2544-534: A tie would have gone to the Colombians on the goal differential. It was the third Copa Libertadores won by Peñarol at the Nacional de Chile , following victories in 1966 and 1982 . Peñarol celebrated its hundredth anniversary in 1991, despite a controversy ignited by archrivals Nacional concerning Peñarol's 1913 name change. With Pablo Bengoechea and the young Antonio Pacheco on the team and Gregorio Pérez behind
2650-534: A tournament fight. Peñarol won the national championship again in 2003 for Diego Aguirre , defeating Nacional in the final. The club did not win another national title until the 2009–10 season , when it won the Clausura tournament with 14 victories in 15 games (12 of them in a row). In the Clausura final, Peñarol defeated Nacional 2–1. The championship qualified the team for the Libertadores 2011 , where Peñarol reached
2756-429: Is 23 °C (73 °F). Daytime temperatures are usually between 24 °C (75 °F) and 32 °C (90 °F), while night lows between 14 °C (57 °F) and 22 °C (72 °F). During this season, a moderate wind often blows from the sea in the evenings which has a pleasant cooling effect on the city, in contrast to the more severe summer heat of nearby cities like Buenos Aires . Heat waves come with
2862-560: Is Ciudad Vieja, that was surrounded by a protective wall until 1829. This area contains most important buildings of the colonial era and early decades of independence. The architecture of Montevideo ranges from Neoclassical buildings such as the Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral to the late-modern style of the World Trade Center Montevideo or the 158-meter (518 ft) ANTEL Telecommunication Tower ,
2968-451: Is a training ground for the main team. In Villa Los Aromos of Barros Blancos, in the Canelones department , Los Aromos was bought in 1945; under the direction of architect José Donato, it was built in two years. For the club's 118th anniversary, the Centro de Alto Rendimiento was inaugurated. The new facility, which opened on 28 September 2009, includes five football pitches, a weight room and
3074-571: Is in Parque Batlle and can hold 65,235. Las Acacias has acted as the home ground for all Peñarol's Youth Teams. On 28 September 2012, the club proposed a 40,000-capacity stadium in the outskirts of Montevideo, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the Aeropuerto Internacional de Carrasco . The name of their newest stadium is Campeón del Siglo (CDS), opening in March 2016 and which has been
3180-399: Is located between the avenues Luis Alberto de Herrera and 26 de Marzo and has 19 floors and 27,000 square meters (290,000 sq ft) of space. The 6,300-square-meter (68,000 sq ft) World Trade Center Plaza is designed to be a center of gastronomy opposite Towers Square and Bonavita St. The Towers Square, is an area of remarkable aesthetic design, intended to be a platform for
3286-545: Is regular and evenly spread throughout the year, reaching around 950 millimeters (37 in). Winters are generally cool, wet, windy and overcast. The average temperature during this season is just above 10 °C (50 °F). Daytime temperatures are generally between 10 °C (50 °F) and 18 °C (64 °F), and night lows between 3 °C (37 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F). During this season, there are bursts of icy and relatively dry winds of continental polar air masses, giving an unpleasant chilly feeling to
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3392-601: Is the Estadio Centenario within Parque Batlle . Parque Batlle, Parque Rodó and Parque Prado are Montevideo's three great parks. The Pocitos district, near the beach of the same name, has many homes built by Bello and Reboratti between 1920 and 1940, with a mixture of styles. Other landmarks in Pocitos are the " Edificio Panamericano " designed by Raul Sichero, and the "Positano" and "El Pilar" designed by Adolfo Sommer Smith and Luis García Pardo [ es ] in
3498-460: Is the capital and largest city of Uruguay . According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 (about one-third of the country's total population) in an area of 201 square kilometers (78 sq mi). Montevideo is situated on the southern coast of the country, on the northeastern bank of the Río de la Plata . A Portuguese garrison was established in the place where today
3604-555: Is the city of Montevideo in November 1723. The Portuguese garrison was expelled in February 1724 by a Spanish soldier, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala , as a strategic move amidst the Spanish - Portuguese dispute over the platine region . There is no official document establishing the foundation of the city, but the "Diario" of Bruno Mauricio de Zabala officially mentions the date of 24 December 1726 as
3710-557: Is the division of the city into 62 barrios : neighborhoods or wards. Many of the city's barrios —such as Sayago , Ituzaingó and Pocitos —were previously geographically separate settlements, later absorbed by the growth of the city. Others grew up around certain industrial sites, including the salt-curing works of Villa del Cerro and the tanneries in Nuevo París . Each barrio has its own identity, geographic location and socio-cultural activities. A neighborhood of great significance
3816-445: Is under construction as of 2010 . Torre de las Telecomunicaciones (Telecommunications Tower) or Torre Antel (Antel Tower) is the 158 meters (518 ft), 37-floor headquarters of Uruguay's government-owned telecommunications company, ANTEL , and is the tallest building in the country. It was designed by architect Carlos Ott . It is situated by the side of the Bay of Montevideo. The tower
3922-556: The Bay of Montevideo , but there is disagreement about the etymological origin of the "video" part. When the Portuguese invaded the Banda Oriental and annexed it as the province of Cisplatina until 1831, they called the city Montevidéu , and pronounced as European Portuguese: [mõtɨviˈðew] . Between 1680 and 1683, Portugal founded the city of Colonia do Sacramento in
4028-530: The British Islands . The first game ever played between Nacional and CURCC was on 15 July 1900 and ended 2–0 in favor of CURCC. CURCC was ahead at first, but Nacional caught up during the late 1910s. Nacional took the lead by fourteen games in 1948, and would not surrender it until the late 1970s (except briefly in 1968). Since then, Peñarol has been the leader; its longest lead was 26 games in January 2004. Including
4134-510: The Civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay (1973-1985) . There were major problems with supply; the immigration cycle was reversed. From the 1960s to the end of the dictatorship in 1985, around one hundred people died or disappeared because of political violence. In 1974 another hundred Uruguayans also disappeared in Argentina. In 1980, the dictatorship proposed a new constitution. The project
4240-586: The Empire of Brazil under the command of Lavalleja, each of whom had become the caudillo of their respective faction. Politics were divided between Oribe's Blancos ("whites"), represented by the National Party , and Rivera's Colorados ("reds"), represented by the Colorado Party , with each party's name taken from the color of its emblems. In 1838, Oribe was forced to resign from the presidency; he established
4346-546: The Estadio Centenario since 1933. Peñarol currently have 80,000 associates. Peñarol is considered one of the most prestigious football clubs in the sport; in September 2009, the club was recognized as the best South American club of the 20th century by the IFFHS . In international competition, Peñarol is the third-highest Copa Libertadores winner, having won it on five editions ( 1960 , 1961 , 1966 , 1982 , and 1987 ), and shares
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4452-429: The final with Santos . The club was congratulated on its 120th anniversary in September 2011 by presidents Joseph Blatter , Michel Platini , and Nicolás Leoz . Throughout the club's history minor changes have been made to its symbols, but it has kept its original colors. The shield and flag were designed by architect Constante Facello and consist of five black stripes, four yellow stripes and eleven yellow stars on
4558-522: The gaucho forces led by Artigas started a siege of Montevideo , which had refused to obey the directives of the new authorities of the May Revolution. The siege was lifted at the end of that year, when the military situation started deteriorating in the Upper Peru region. The Spanish governor was expelled in 1814. In 1816, Portugal invaded the recently liberated territory and in 1821, it was annexed to
4664-644: The 1920s, the equestrian statue of Artigas was installed in Plaza Independencia ; the Palacio Legislativo was built; the Spanish Plus Ultra flying boat arrived (the first airplane to fly from Spain to Latin America, 1926); prominent politician and former president José Batlle y Ordóñez died (1929); and the ground was broken (1929) for the Estadio Centenario (completed 1930). During World War II,
4770-533: The 1950s and 1960s. However, the construction boom of the 1970s and 1980s transformed the face of this neighborhood, with a cluster of modern apartment buildings for upper and upper middle-class residents. The Palacio Legislativo in Aguada, north of the city center, is the seat of the Uruguayan Parliament . Construction started in 1904 and was sponsored by the government of President José Batlle y Ordóñez . It
4876-505: The 1990s, Peñarol experienced a decline in form, with fewer domestic and international titles compared to the previous decades. However, the club has seen a resurgence in international competition since the 2010s. Although the original colors of the CURCC were black and orange, Peñarol has consistently identified with yellow and black throughout its history, inspired by the Stephenson's Rocket and
4982-622: The 28th of September 1891, when the club was initially established as the Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club (also known by its acronym CURCC ), founded by mostly British railway workers for the practise of cricket . The club was renamed as Peñarol on 13 December 1913; the continuity between the football section of the CURCC and Peñarol has sparked significant controversy in Uruguayan football, as some football pundits have argued that while Peñarol inherited its tradition from
5088-594: The Banda Oriental of Brazil. It was named Imperial City [ pt ] by Emperor Pedro I when the city was part of the Empire of Brazil as the capital of the Cisplatina province . Juan Antonio Lavalleja and his band called the Treinta y Tres Orientales (" Thirty-Three Orientals ") re-established the independence of the region in 1825. Uruguay was consolidated as an independent state in 1828, with Montevideo as
5194-549: The Blancos came to power, which they maintained until 1865. Thereafter, the Colorado Party regained power, which they retained until the middle of the 20th century. After the end of hostilities, a period of growth and expansion started for the city. In 1853 a stagecoach bus line was established joining Montevideo with the newly formed settlement of Unión and the first natural gas street lights were inaugurated. From 1854 to 1861
5300-521: The CURCC and there is a sociological continuity between the two, legally they are two separate institutions, as the CURCC would've continued to exist until it's dissolution in 22 January 1915, though merely was by then a recreational branch for the employees of the railway company. However, the Uruguayan Football Association has recognized Peñarol as the continuity of CURCC since 1914. By the 1910s, Peñarol began to establish themselves as
5406-739: The CURCC shifted its focus from cricket and rugby to association football. The football club's first game was against a team of students from the English high school and ended with a 2–0 victory. In 1895, Uruguayan footballer Julio Negrón was chosen as the team's first non-British captain . In 1900 the CURCC was one of four charter members of the Uruguay Association Football League, making its debut in official competition on 10 June against Albion and winning 2–1. The club won its first Uruguayan championship that year, repeating in 1901 , 1905 and 1907 . In 1906 Charles W. Bayne took over
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#17330844948365512-448: The Factum consulting firm reported that Peñarol was the favorite team of 41 percent of football fans, while 38 percent supported Nacional. Factum conducted another survey in 2006, confirming its previous results: Peñarol with 45 percent and Nacional with 35 percent. MPC Consultants surveyed 9,000 Uruguayans; Peñarol had 45 percent of the supporters, and Nacional 38 percent. An online survey on
5618-637: The Junta when Liniers was replaced by Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros . During the May Revolution of 1810 and the subsequent uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata, the Spanish colonial government moved to Montevideo. During that year and the next, Uruguayan revolutionary José Gervasio Artigas united with others from Buenos Aires against Spain. In 1811, the forces deployed by the Junta Grande of Buenos Aires and
5724-501: The Mercado del Puerto was inaugurated. In 1869, the first railway line of the company Ferrocarril Central del Uruguay was inaugurated connecting Bella Vista with the town of Las Piedras . During the same year and the next, the neighborhoods Colón , Nuevo París and La Comercial were founded. The Sunday market of Tristán Narvaja Street was established in Cordón in 1870. Public water supply
5830-674: The Río de la Plata and east of the Uruguay River , competing with Buenos Aires for dominance in maritime commerce. The importance of Montevideo as the main port of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata brought it in confrontations with the city of Buenos Aires in various occasions, including several times when it was taken over to be used as a base to defend the eastern province of the Viceroyalty from Portuguese incursions. In 1776, Spain made Montevideo its main naval base ( Real Apostadero de Marina ) for
5936-563: The South Atlantic, with authority over the Argentine coast, Fernando Po , and the Falklands . Until the end of the 18th century, Montevideo remained a fortified area, today known as Ciudad Vieja . On 3 February 1807, British troops under the command of General Samuel Auchmuty and Admiral Charles Stirling occupied the city during the Battle of Montevideo (1807) , but it was recaptured by
6042-520: The Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were known as Guanches or Canarians . There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues. A census of the city's inhabitants was performed in 1724 and then
6148-548: The Spanish in the same year on 2 September when John Whitelocke was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental —roughly the same area as modern Uruguay—and of Buenos Aires. After this conflict, the governor of Montevideo Francisco Javier de Elío opposed the new viceroy Santiago de Liniers , and created a government Junta when the Peninsular War started in Spain, in defiance of Liniers. Elío disestablished
6254-607: The Spanish). The Central Uruguay Railway company had operated in Uruguay since 1878, with 118 employees, 72 British, 45 Uruguayan and one German. The club was known as CURCC in the neighborhood of Peñarol—the latter from the Peñarol neighborhood, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Montevideo , whose name in turn derived from an Italian city . The club's first president was Frank Henderson , who remained in that position until 1899. In 1892,
6360-402: The Uruguayan championship in 1928 and 1929 ; the following year, the club defeated Olimpia 1–0 in its first game at the Centenario Stadium in Montevideo. In 1932, Peñarol and River Plate played the first game of the professional era. Peñarol won the first Uruguayan professional championship with 40 points, five more than runners-up Rampla Juniors . After placing second in 1933 and 1934,
6466-444: The Uruguayan tournament six straight times, and top Copa Libertadores scorer in 1974 and 1975 . After beginning the 1980s with a third-place finish in 1981 , Peñarol won the Uruguayan Championship with Fernando Morena and Rubén Paz (the tournament's top scorer). The next season the club again won the Copa Libertadores, defeating Cobreloa of Chile 1–0 on a goal from Fernando Morena (the tournament's top scorer with seven goals) in
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#17330844948366572-498: The amateur and professional eras, league and friendly games, the teams have met 511 times in the past with 182 victories to Peñarol, 166 to Nacional and 163 ties. A notable game for Peñarol fans is occurred on 9 October 1949 in the Uruguayan Cup first round, and is known as the Clásico de la fuga (the "escape derby"). At the end of the first half Peñarol was leading 2–0, but at halftime Nacional decided not to return. While Peñarol fans believe that Nacional did not want to be defeated by
6678-415: The amateurism until it was dissolved on 22 January 1915 and donated all their trophies to the British Hospital of Montevideo, not to Peñarol. On 12 March 1914, Peñarol replaced CURCC's spot in the Uruguayan Football League after its foundation in 1913. A request submitted to the Uruguayan Football League two days later and approved the following day. During its first years Peñarol was not successful, although
6784-544: The autumn, but the weather in that season tends to be more windy and volatile, with more dramatic changes in a short period of time. Montevideo has an annual average temperature of 16.7 °C (62.1 °F). The lowest recorded temperature is −5.6 °C (21.9 °F) while the highest is 42.8 °C (109.0 °F). Source 3: Weather Atlas(daylight-UV) As of 2010 , the city of Montevideo has been divided into 8 political municipalities ( Municipios ), referred to with letters from A to G, including CH, each presided over by
6890-421: The bench, Peñarol again won the Uruguayan championship five straight times ( 1993 – 97 ). The club also reached the Copa Conmebol final in 1994 and 1995, rounding out the century with a national championship in 1999 (defeating Nacional 2–1 in the final, despite Julio Ribas on the bench). The next year, Peñarol lost the Uruguayan championship final against Nacional; many of the team's players were jailed after
6996-400: The building of the Postal Service as well as the bridge of Paso Molino were inaugurated in 1867. In 1868, the horse-drawn tram company Compañía de Tranvías al Paso del Molino y Cerro created the first lines connecting Montevideo with Unión, the beach resort of Capurro and the industrialized and economically independent Villa del Cerro , at the time called Cosmopolis . In the same year,
7102-418: The cities with the most art deco influence. It is the hub of commerce and higher education in Uruguay as well as its chief port. The city is also the financial hub of Uruguay and the cultural anchor of a metropolitan area with a population of around 2 million. There are several explanations for the word Montevideo . All agree that "Monte" refers to the Cerro de Montevideo , the hill situated across
7208-520: The city's population of 300,000 was foreign-born. In that decade the city expanded quickly: new neighborhoods were created and many separate settlements were annexed to the city, among which were the Villa del Cerro , Pocitos , the Prado and Villa Colón . The Rodó Park and the Estadio Gran Parque Central were also established, which served as poles of urban development. During the early 20th century, Uruguay saw huge social changes with repercussions primarily in urban areas. Among these changes were
7314-412: The club attempted to increase its fan base to improve its sustainability. During Clausura 2010 promotions were offered, marketing managers hired and the peñas (local fan clubs) encouraged. The campaign was successful; in February 2013 the club had over 62,000 members, the largest fan club in Uruguay. The Uruguayan Derby between Peñarol and Nacional goes back to 1900, the oldest football rivalry outside
7420-415: The club won four consecutive league tournaments between 1935 and 1938 ; they also won the 1936 Torneo Competencia. The club stayed in second place until 1944 , when Peñarol again won the Uruguayan Championship (defeating Nacional in a two-game final, 0–0 and 3–2). In 1945 the club retained the title, with Nicolás Falero and Raúl Schiaffino the top goal scorers of the playoffs with 21 apiece. Peñarol
7526-443: The development of business activities, art exhibitions, dance and music performances and social places. This square connects the different buildings and towers which comprise the WTC Complex and it is the main access to the complex. The square contains various works of art, notably a sculpture by renowned Uruguayan sculptor Pablo Atchugarry . World Trade Center 4, with 40 floors and 53,500 square meters (576,000 sq ft) of space
7632-475: The everyday life of the city, with daytime temperatures around or below 8 °C (46 °F) and possible night frosts. These occur few times during winter, with temperatures generally not falling below −2 °C (28 °F) because of the oceanic influence that moderates the temperature; a few kilometres inland, frosts are more common and colder. On the other hand, even in the middle of winter it's not uncommon to have temperatures above 20 °C (68 °F) for
7738-511: The finest natural port in the region, functioning as a crucial component of the Uruguayan economy and foreign trade. Various streams crisscross the town and empty into the Bay of Montevideo. Its coastline near the emptying rivers are heavily polluted. The city has an average elevation of 43 meters (141 ft). Its highest elevations are two hills: the Cerro de Montevideo and the Cerro de la Victoria, with
7844-515: The first goal in the history of the FIFA World Cup was scored in 1930 . The stadium is in the Marconi neighbourhood of Montevideo. Its pitch is of 37,949 square metres (408,480 sq ft), and it has a capacity of 12,000. Because Peñarol was not allowed to play there due to security concerns, the club home ground was the city owned Estadio Centenario. Opened on 18 July 1930, the Centenario stadium
7950-588: The first public sanitation facilities were constructed. In 1856 the Teatro Solís was inaugurated, 15 years after the beginning of its construction. By Decree, in December 1861 the areas of Aguada and Cordón were incorporated to the growing Ciudad Nueva (New City). In 1866, an underwater telegraph line connected the city with Buenos Aires. The statue of Peace, La Paz , was erected on a column in Plaza Cagancha and
8056-487: The foundation, corroborated by presential witnesses. The complete independence from Buenos Aires as a real city was not reached until 1 January 1730. It was also under brief British rule in 1807 , but eventually the city was retaken by Spanish criollos who defeated the British invasions of the River Plate . Montevideo is the seat of the administrative headquarters of Mercosur and ALADI , Latin America 's leading trade blocs,
8162-408: The game's final minutes. Later that year the club won the Uruguayan championship and its third Intercontinental Cup, defeating Aston Villa 2–0. Despite financial problems during the 1980s, Peñarol won the national championship in 1985 and 1986 , and a fifth Copa Libertadores in 1987 . The club defeated América de Cali 1–0 with a goal by Diego Aguirre in the final seconds of extra time, when
8268-636: The highest point, the peak of Cerro de Montevideo, crowned by a fortress, the Fortaleza del Cerro at a height of 134 m (440 ft). Closest cities by road are Las Piedras to the north and the so-called Ciudad de la Costa (a conglomeration of coastal towns) to the east, both in the range of 20 to 25 km (16 mi) from the city center. The approximate distances to the neighboring department capitals by road are, 90 km (56 mi) to San Jose de Mayo (San Jose Department) and 46 km (29 mi) to Canelones (Canelones Department). Montevideo has
8374-527: The highest quality of life of any city in Latin America: by 2015 it held this rank every year during the decade through 2014. Montevideo is situated on the north shore of the Río de la Plata, the arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the south coast of Uruguay from the north coast of Argentina; Buenos Aires lies 230 kilometers (140 mi) west on the Argentine side. The Santa Lucía River forms
8480-680: The home ground ever since. The Palacio Peñarol , in downtown Montevideo, is the club's headquarters and basketball stadium. It was opened on 21 June 1955; and is located. The Palacio has 3,896 square metres (41,940 sq ft) in addition to basketball, it is home the club's museum and offices. After the October 2010 collapse of the Cilindro Municipal , the Palacio Peñarol became an important venue for Uruguayan basketball. The Complejo Deportivo Washington Cataldi, commonly known as Los Aromos,
8586-406: The left), with black shorts and socks. Peñarol's official jersey (black and yellow stripes) dates back to 1911 and has been worn almost continuously, with only slight variations. Peñarol inspired Romanian club FC Brașov to change its official colors in December 1966 from white and blue to yellow and black. The change came following a tournament of Romania's Olympic football team in Uruguay. After
8692-484: The longest undefeated run in Uruguayan league history: 56 games, from 3 September 1966 to 14 September 1968. Copa Libertadores all-time top scorer Alberto Spencer played for Peñarol at this time. In 1970 the club again reached the Libertadores final again, losing to Estudiantes de La Plata . The club set a tournament record for greatest goal difference, defeating Valencia of Venezuela 11–2. With Fernando Morena as
8798-482: The nation's capital. In 1829, the demolition of the city's fortifications began and plans were made for an extension beyond the Ciudad Vieja, referred to as the "Ciudad Nueva" ("new city"). Urban expansion, however, moved very slowly because of the events that followed. Uruguay's 1830s were dominated by the confrontation between Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera , the two revolutionary leaders who had fought against
8904-481: The new colors, the team will be seen better on the field. Since January 1967, the team from Brașov has yellow-black as official colors, recalling Peñarol. Peñarol's first stadium was the José Pedro Damiani, also known as Las Acacias . It was bought in 1913 and inaugurated on 19 April 1916 with a 3–1 victory over Nacional. The stadium's gate was that of the former Estadio Pocitos , Peñarol's first stadium where
9010-641: The north winds, which bring humid and hot air masses from the tropical interior of the continent; temperatures can rise above 35 °C (95 °F). These warm periods are usually followed by thunderstorms, generated by cold fronts from the southwest that lowers temperatures considerably. This phenomenon is regional, and can occur several times all year long. The autumn in Montevideo is quite pleasant and not so unstable. Daytime temperatures are in general around 20 °C (68 °F) and nights around 10 °C (50 °F). Spring average temperatures are very similar to
9116-699: The pitch. With eight minutes remaining Diego Aguirre set up Jorge Cabrera , who scored the winning goal. This win by the aurinegro was known as the Clásico de los 8 contra 11 (the "8 against 11 derby"). Peñarol and Nacional have faced each other in the final game of the Uruguayan Championship thirteen times, with Peñarol winning eight. The most recent was in 2018, when Peñarol won the championship 2–1. Montevideo Montevideo ( / ˌ m ɒ n t ɪ v ɪ ˈ d eɪ oʊ / , US also /- ˈ v ɪ d i oʊ / ; Spanish: [monteβiˈðeo] )
9222-506: The place of the gas-operated ones in 1886. The Hipódromo de Maroñas started operating in 1888, and the neighborhoods of Reus del Sur, Reus del Norte and Conciliación were inaugurated in 1889. The new building of the School of Arts and Trades, as well as Zabala Square in Ciudad Vieja were inaugurated in 1890, followed by the Italian Hospital in 1891. In the same year, the village of Peñarol
9328-451: The railroad, and refused to sponsor the football team due to financial and work issues. Conflict between the company and the football club led to the severance of their relationship in 1913. In 1908, the club left the Uruguayan league after the league rejected their request to replay a game with F.C. Dublín. CURCC had lost 2–3 on the road, and believed their poor showing was due to refereeing mistakes caused by pressure from rabid home fans. As
9434-471: The railway workers' union. The club throughout its history has also participated in other sports, such as athletics, basketball, cycling, futsal , rugby union , and women's football. Its main focus, however, has always been on men's football , a sport in which the club excels, having never been relegated from the top division. The club currently host their matches at the 40,000-capacity Estadio Campeón del Siglo since 2016, having previously played at
9540-523: The recently created Copa Libertadores , an international competition then known as the Copa de Campeones de América. Peñarol won the first two tournaments, beating Olimpia of Paraguay in 1960 and Palmeiras of Brazil in 1961 . That year the club won its first Intercontinental Cup , defeating Benfica of Portugal 2–1 in the third game. Peñarol won three more league titles ( 1960 , 1961 and 1962 ), for five consecutive championships. Béla Guttmann coached
9646-476: The record for Intercontinental Cup victories with three ( 1961, 1966, and 1982 ). In domestic football, Peñarol has won 42 tournaments in its era, and considering the titles won by their predecessor, it has claimed 51 championships overall. The club has many long-standing rivalries, most notably El Clásico Uruguayo with Club Nacional de Football. The derby is considered one of the oldest in international football, with their first meeting on 15 July 1900 with
9752-512: The region across the bay from Buenos Aires . This city met with no resistance from the Spanish until 1723, when they began to place fortifications on the elevations around Montevideo Bay. On 22 November 1723, Field Marshal Manuel de Freitas da Fonseca [ pt ] of Portugal built the Montevieu fort. A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724,
9858-613: The right to divorce (1907) and women's right to vote . The 1910s saw the construction of Montevideo's Rambla ; strikes by tram workers, bakers and port workers; the inauguration of electric trams; the creation of the Municipal Intendencias ; and the inauguration of the new port. In 1913, the city limits were extended around the entire gulf. The previously independent localities of the Villa del Cerro and La Teja were annexed to Montevideo, becoming two of its neighborhoods. During
9964-633: The support of the then conservative Governor of Buenos Aires Province Juan Manuel de Rosas , besieged the Colorados in Montevideo, where the latter were supported by the French Legion, the Italian Legion, the Basque Legion and battalions from Brazil. Finally in 1851, with the additional support of Argentine rebels who opposed Rosas, the Colorados defeated Oribe. The fighting however resumed in 1855, when
10070-787: The tallest skyscraper in the country. Along with the Telecommunications Tower, the Palacio Salvo dominates the skyline of the Bay of Montevideo. The building facades in the Old Town reflect the city's extensive European immigration, displaying the influence of old European architecture. Notable government buildings include the Legislative Palace , the City Hall , Estévez Palace and the Executive Tower . The most notable sports stadium
10176-778: The team in 1962. After a quiet year in 1963, Peñarol won the Uruguayan Championship in 1964 and 1965 and the Copa Libertadores in 1966 , defeating River Plate 4–2. That year the club won its second Intercontinental Cup , defeating Real Madrid 2–0 in Centenario Stadium and Santiago Bernabéu . During the next few years the club won national championships in 1967 and 1968 and the Intercontinental Champions' Supercup in 1969 (a tournament with South American Intercontinental Cup winners). Peñarol had
10282-410: The team's star, the club won the Uruguayan championship for three consecutive years, from 1973 to 1975. After placing second in 1976 and 1977, Peñarol won again in 1978. That year, Morena set two records: most goals scored in a Uruguayan season (36) and most goals scored in a single game (seven, against Huracán Buceo on 16 July). The 1970s ended with another championship in 1979. Morena was top scorer in
10388-800: The tour was vs. the Vienna combined, which Peñarol lost by 3–1. The Uruguayan team then played Bayern Munich (1–2), SpVgg (1–2), Hertha BSC (Berlin) (0–1). The first win was v. Eintracht Frankfurt (3–1). The lineup for that match was Luis Biscardi, Demis D’Agosto, José Benincasa, Pascual Ruotta, Gildeón Silva, Antonio Aguerre, Ladislao Pérez, Antonio Sacco, Pablo Terevinto, Peregrín Anselmo, Antonio Campolo. Goals were scored by Suffiotti (2) and Ruotta. The tour continued in Switzerland, v. Young Fellows (1–0), Rapid Vienna (0–5), then facing Sparta Prague (losing by 1–0). On 5 June, Peñarol played its first game in Spain v. FC Barcelona , losing by 1–5. The second test
10494-401: The webpage Sportsvs.com showed Nacional with 50.35 percent and Peñarol with 49.45 percent. Since its formation, Peñarol's barra brava has been involved in violence against other clubs and the Uruguayan police. Incidents provoked by these fans have cost Peñarol 31 points since 1994; the penalties cost the team three tournaments ( Apertura 1994 , Clausura 1997 and Clausura 2002 ). In 2010
10600-416: Was again victorious in 1949, four points ahead of runner-up Nacional with Óscar Míguez the top scorer. After placing second in 1950, Peñarol won the Uruguayan Championship the following year ; this was also the start of the Palacio Peñarol's four-year construction. During the 1950s, the club also won national championships in 1953 , 1954 , 1958 and 1959 . Their 1959 championship qualified Peñarol for
10706-537: Was completed by American Bridge Company and other design/build consortium team members on 15 March 2000. When its construction was announced, many politicians complained about its cost (US$ 40 million, plus US$ 25 million for the construction of the other 5 buildings of the Telecommunications Complex). Problems during its construction turned the original US$ 65 million price into US$ 102 million. 1961 Intercontinental Cup A play-off
10812-502: Was designed by Italian architects Vittorio Meano and Gaetano Moretti [ it ] , who planned the building's interior. Among the notable contributors to the project was sculptor José Belloni , who contributed numerous reliefs and allegorical sculptures . World Trade Center Montevideo officially opened in 1998, but work was completed in 2009. The complex is composed of three towers, two three-story buildings called World Trade Center Plaza and World Trade Center Avenue and
10918-511: Was established in 1871. In 1878, Bulevar Circunvalación was constructed, a boulevard starting from Punta Carretas , going up to the north end of the city and then turning west to end at the beach of Capurro. It was renamed Artigas Boulevard in 1885. By Decree, on 8 January 1881, the area Los Pocitos was incorporated into the Novísima Ciudad (Most New City). The first telephone lines were installed in 1882 and electric street lights took
11024-475: Was founded. Other neighborhoods that were founded were Belgrano and Belvedere in 1892, Jacinto Vera in 1895 and Trouville in 1897. In 1894 the new port was constructed, and in 1897, the Central Railway Station of Montevideo was inaugurated. In the early 20th century, many Europeans (particularly Spaniards and Italians but also thousands from Central Europe) immigrated to the city. In 1908, 30% of
11130-565: Was played one day later, finishing in a tie (1–1). Other notable games of the tour were the two tests v. Atlético Madrid (5–2 and 4–3). Peñarol played a total of 19 matches in 80 days (6 in Spain, 5 in Germany, 4 in Switzerland and 1 in Czechoslovakia and France), totalizing 7 wins, 4 draws and 8 losses. The team scored 32 goals and received 33, with Antonio Sacco being the topscorer with 9 goals. After its first European tour in 1927, Peñarol won
11236-465: Was submitted to a referendum and rejected in the first polls since 1971, with 58% of the votes against and 42% in favor. The result weakened the military and triggered its fall, allowing the return of democracy. In the 1980s, Pope John Paul II visited the city twice. In April 1987, as head of state of Vatican , he signed a mediation agreement for the conflict of the Beagle Channel . He also held
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