Parachinar ( Pashto : پاړه چنار ; Urdu : پاڑہ چنار ) is a city and the capital of the Kurram District in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan .
31-720: Pewar is a village located 16 km from Parachinar , the capital city of Kurram District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan . Situated on a narrow stretch of Pakistani territory south of Peshawar, Pewar borders Paktia Province in Afghanistan . It is the closest point in Pakistan to Kabul and lies near the Tora Bora region. The major tribes in Pewar and Parachinar include Turi , Bangash , Orakzai , Zazai , Mangal and Para Tsamkani . Pewar
62-709: A Mughal garden near Srinagar with over 700 chinar trees has been developed as a Chinar Heritage Park by the University of Kashmir . In 2011 a specimen planted by Capability Brown at Corsham Court in Wiltshire was identified by The Tree Register of the British Isles as the tree with the greatest known spread in the United Kingdom. An example dating to at least 1762 is one of Kew Gardens ' thirteen 'Heritage Trees'. The Pococke Garden at Christ Church, Oxford contains
93-513: A boundary between Afghanistan and the territory of British governed India negotiated terms, agreeing to the Durand line . Two parties camped at Parachinar, now part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan , which is near Khost , Afghanistan. From the British side, the camp was attended by Sir Mortimer Durand and Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum , assistant political agent, Khyber Agency . The Afghanistan interest
124-529: A place now encompassed by the headquarters of Kurram Agency . As this Poplar tree was located right between the British established offices and the Kurram militia , and people from remote areas of the Kurram Valley often came and gathered here, it became known as Parachinar instead of Totkai Bazar. In 1893, during the rule of Abdur Rahman Khan ( Barakzai dynasty ) of Afghanistan, a Royal Commission for demarcating
155-455: A specimen, known as The Pococke Tree, which is understood to have been planted by Edward Pococke from seed he collected in 1636 from Aleppo . With a girth of around 9 metres it is the oldest in the UK. A plane tree is the main theme in the aria Ombra mai fu composed by George Frideric Handel , in which the main character, Xerxes I of Persia , admires the shade of a plane tree. The Chinar leaf
186-746: A sub-campus at Parachinar. The Thall -Parachinar road is the main road connecting Parachinar to the rest of the country. Parachinar has an airport but currently it is non-functional. In the past there was a flight service between Peshawar and Parachinar. Platanus orientalis Platanus orientalis , the Oriental plane , is a large, deciduous tree of the Platanaceae family , growing to 30 m (98 ft) or more, and known for its longevity and spreading crown. In autumn its deep green leaves may change to blood red, amber, and yellow. The species' name orientalis means 'eastern' (in comparison,
217-506: A succession of cuttings from the original. The Athenian Academy , outside Athens, featured a sacred grove of planes where the students listened to the masters and where among others the Peripatetics practiced philosophy. Many villages in Greece feature plane trees in their main squares, frequently found alongside them are water springs that in the past would serve as the main water source for
248-460: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Parachinar Parachinar is situated on the west of Peshawar , that juts into the Paktia , Logar and Nangarhar provinces of Afghanistan . With a distance of 110 kilometres (68 mi) from the capital of Afghanistan Kabul , Parachinar is the closest point in Pakistan to Kabul . The British soldier and historian C. M. Enriquez described
279-603: Is considered a national symbol in Azad Jammu and Kashmir . The government seal continues to include the leaf. Many universities, including the University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir also include the symbol. It is the State tree of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir . During the 2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony , held in India, the chinar tree was featured prominently in
310-401: Is quite capable of survival and success in dry soils once it is established. It can grow into a massive tree with many examples hundreds of years old. Around ten trees are known from the past and present with a diameter of 4 m (13 ft) or more with several specimens around 100 m (3,500 cu ft) in total volume. Like other plane trees , its leaves are borne alternately on
341-480: Is renowned for its fresh fruits, vegetables, and scenic snowfall. The name Pewar may derive from Pashto word pawar which mean one by one people come to protect that area which is located too near the border to Afghanistan. The previous name, used for pawar was Tutki , which is still used by some Afghan people. The inhabitants of Tutki were called Tutkiwal. Parachinar originated as a summer residence for nomadic tribes who wintered their livestock at lower altitudes, and
SECTION 10
#1733093777112372-607: Is seen as a symbol for the region, locally known as bouin in Kashmiri and chinar in Hindustani . Excavations from the Burzahom archaeological site have revealed charcoal remains of the tree from the Neolithic period. Muslim Kashmiris believe that the chinar was brought to Kashmir valley by Islamic preachers from Iran in 14th century AD, while Hindu Kashmiris hold a view that the tree
403-405: Is still authentic in official records or deeds of property. Parakhel tribesmen used to cultivate wheat in this desert area. During the wheat harvest, tents were pitched here, and in the shade of this poplar tree, jirgas and consultations were held. The name Parachinar is derived as a result of social meetings conducted under a large Chinar tree. [3] The remains of that tree are still there at
434-600: The American sycamore ( Platanus occidentalis ). The tree is capable of being grown in most temperate latitudes, though it benefits greatly from warm summers. As a very large and wide tree with broad, thick leaves that tend to orient horizontally, it is especially prized for the shade and coolness it provides during the hot season. It grows best in rich soil in a sunny location and can survive drought well, although young plants appreciate regular watering. The leaves and bark have been used medicinally. A fabric dye has been made from
465-583: The Caucasus to Iran . Some accounts extend its native range west to the Iberia , Palestine to the south and to the Himalayas in the east. As it has been known in cultivation from early times in much of this region it can be difficult to determine if it is truly indigenous in peripheral areas. The oriental plane is found naturally in riverine settings, together with such trees as alder , willow and poplar . However, it
496-705: The Chattergam village by an Islamic mystic Syed Abul Qaim Hamadani who accompanied Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani from Iran to Kashmir , is believed by many in Kashmir to be the world's oldest surviving chinar tree. Planting of chinar trees in Kashmir was greatly patronised by the Mughals, and later by Dogra rulers . Chinar trees are being felled rapidly in Kashmir, although a ban was enacted in 2009 to curb cutting. Chinar trees are now required to be registered, considered State Property, and painted white at their base. Naseem Bagh ,
527-510: The 'western' plane (or American sycamore), the only other species known to Linnaeus, is named Platanus occidentalis ). The tree was called platane in ancient Greek history and literature and by related names in continental Europe. Equally well known in Asia from Anatolia to India and usually called chinar or chenar . The native distribution is from Italy east through the Balkans, Turkey, and
558-521: The district had originally been a summer residence for Moghul emperors from Delhi . The Pewar region was part of Durrani empire before the Second Afghan War of 1878–79, but was not firmly annexed by the British until 1892. During the colonial era and 1947, Parachinar became a hill station for people from Peshawar ; as it is relatively cool in the summer and very easy to reach from the plains despite its high altitude since there are no steep ascents on
589-520: The early history of Parachinar in his book The Pathan Borderland . He writes that Malak (leader) Pare was a reputable Malak of the Pare Khel Tribe, a sub tribe of tribe called Turi ( Shia ), planted Poplar trees some 200 years ago . Before much settlement, the area was mostly arid . In terms of distribution, the ancient Poplar tree and the surrounding land belonged to the Parakhel tribe. This ownership
620-507: The first century CE as far as the lands of the Morini in Belgic Gaul. Regardless of why it may have been introduced, the tree had medicinal uses from early times. Pliny details 25 remedies using preparation from the bark, leaves and excrescences of plane. Pliny prescribes it for burns, bites, stings, frostbite and infections. Pliny goes on to describe some legendary plane trees. There was one on
651-416: The following week until a ceasefire was reached on 12 April 2007. Parachinar has been the target of several terrorist attacks from 2007 to 2014 in which over 3000 people have died, making it the second-most targeted Pakistani city by militants after Peshawar . Parachinar has a moderate humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ). Although the city's southeasterly aspect relative to
SECTION 20
#1733093777112682-566: The grounds of the Athenian Academy, he says, that had roots 50 feet (15 m) long. Licinius Mucianus held a banquet for 19 in a hollow plane-tree of Lycia, and the emperor Caligula another for 15 plus servants in a tree house (nest) built in the branches of a plane-tree at Velletri . The chinar tree can be found throughout the landscape of the Kashmir Valley in the Indian western Himalayas , planted across hillsides and cities, and
713-626: The most frequent source of rain is western depressions and related thunderstorms. During the winter, snowfall is common, and frosts occur on most mornings. Snow closes the Peiwar Pass , located on the Paktia border just over 20 km west of Parachinar, for up to five months per year. Pewar is 16:km from Parachinar. Parachinar is the main city of kurram agency FATA. Notable schools in Pewar are Government high school Pewar, Government girls high school Pewar, Pewar Children Academy and Community Model high school. This Kurram District location article
744-457: The route from Peshawar. Because of its proximity to the border of Afghanistan, in recent years, the economy of Parachinar has been adversely affected, with tourism in steep decline. Pewar has a moderate humid subtropical climate with much higher rainfall and sownfall than most areas of Pakistan. Although the city's southeasterly aspect relative to the valley in which it is situated allows it to receive on occasions significant monsoon rainfall,
775-428: The stem, deeply lobed, and palmate or maple -like. It usually has flaking bark, occasionally not flaking and becoming thick and rugged. Flowers and fruit are round and burr-like, borne in clusters of between two and six on a stem. Considerable variation exists among trees in the wild, and this may be complicated by crossbreeding with planted London planes ( Platanus x acerifolia ), the hybrid of P. orientalis with
806-403: The twigs and roots. The timber , often called lacewood , is figured and valuable for indoor furniture. The leaves are also often used by artists for leaf carving . The Tree of Hippocrates , under which Hippocrates — the "Father of Medicine" — taught at Kos , is reputed to have been an oriental plane. A 500-year-old tree presently there may be on the same site and may have been planted from
837-430: The valley in which it is situated allows it to receive on occasions significant monsoonal rainfall, the most frequent source of rain is western depressions and related thunderstorms. During the winter, snowfall is common, and frosts occur on most mornings. Snow closes the Peiwar Pass , located on the Paktia border just over 20 km west of Parachinar, for up to five months per year. FATA University plans to open
868-447: The villagers; usually these are quite old trees with their age seen as a point of pride for the local inhabitants. Occasionally the oldest trees exhibit partially hollowed out trunks, with cavities large enough to provide amusement opportunities for local or visiting children and teenagers, and even serving (along with the rest of the tree) as tourist attractions or at least in one occasion a shrine. Pliny 's Natural History records
899-500: The westward progress of the plane "introduced among us from a foreign clime for nothing but its shade", planted first at the tomb of Diomedes on the island of Tremiti, then imported to Greek Sicily by Dionysius the Elder (c. 432-367 BC), tyrant of Syracuse. He had plane-trees conveyed to the city of Rhegium (Reggio di Calabria), where they were looked upon as the great marvel of his palace, according to Pliny's sources. From there it spread by
930-467: Was represented by Sahibzada Abdul Latif and the Governor of Khost Sardar Shireendil Khan , represented King Amir Abdur Rahman Khan . Intermittently, conflicts arise stemming from personal issues(mostly religious ones) within this region. In instances where one sect initiates an attack on another, it often leads to retaliatory actions by the aggrieved party. Violent clashes in the region occurred in
961-513: Was traditionally planted near Hindu holy places in Kashmir and is associated with Hindu goddess Bhavani , from whom it derives its Kashmiri name bouin . After the advent of Muslim rule, especially under the Mughals , chinar became a major garden and landscape tree, and dominates many historic gardens. The tree known for its elegance and exuberance has remained an attraction for artists and litterateurs. One tree believed to be planted in 1374 A.D at