31-426: Petyarre is a surname. Notable people with surname include. Gloria Petyarre (born 1938), Australian Aboriginal artist Jeanna Petyarre (born 1950), Australian Aboriginal artist Kathleen Petyarre (c.1940-2018), Australian Aboriginal artist Nancy Petyarre (1934/1939-2009), Australian Aboriginal artist [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
62-561: A corrupted transcription and a false etymology. "The native," Strehlow concluded, "knows nothing of 'dreamtime' as a designation of a certain period of their history." Strehlow gives Altjira or Altjira mara ( mara meaning "good") as the Arrente word for the eternal creator of the world and humankind. Strehlow describes him as a tall strong man with red skin, long fair hair, and emu legs, with many red-skinned wives (with dog legs) and children. In Strehlow's account, Altjira lives in
93-711: A moral code, as well as rules for interacting with the natural environment ... [it] provides for a total, integrated way of life ... a lived daily reality". It embraces past, present and future. Another definition suggests that it represents "the relationship between people, plants, animals and the physical features of the land; the knowledge of how these relationships came to be, what they mean and how they need to be maintained in daily life and in ceremony ". According to Simon Wright, " jukurrpa has an expansive meaning for Warlpiri people, encompassing their own law and related cultural knowledge systems, along with what non-Indigenous people refer to as 'dreaming ' ". A dreaming
124-676: A particular potency or Dreaming. For example, the story of how the sun was made is different in New South Wales and in Western Australia . Stories cover many themes and topics, as there are stories about creation of sacred places, land, people, animals and plants, law and custom. In Perth , the Noongar believe that the Darling Scarp is the body of the Wagyl – a serpent being that meandered over
155-411: A supreme being), while Strehlow as a Christian missionary found presence of belief in the divine a useful entry point for proselytising. Linguist David Campbell Moore is critical of Spencer and Gillen's "Dreamtime" translation, concluding: "Dreamtime" was a mistranslation based on an etymological connection between "a dream" and " Altjira ", which held only over a limited geographical domain. There
186-577: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Gloria Petyarre Gloria Petyarre (1942-2021), also known as Gloria Pitjara was born in Utopia, Northern Territory , Australia. She was an Aboriginal Australian artist from the Anmatyerre community, just north of Alice Springs . One of her best known works is "Bush Medicine". Petyarre started as an artist in the Women's Batik Group in 1977, which
217-505: Is now part of global popular culture. The term is based on a rendition of the Arandic word alcheringa , used by the Aranda (Arunta, Arrernte) people of Central Australia , although it has been argued that it is based on a misunderstanding or mistranslation. Some scholars suggest that the word's meaning is closer to " eternal , uncreated". Anthropologist William Stanner said that the concept
248-499: Is now ubiquitous in the English vocabulary of Aboriginal Australians in a kind of " self-fulfilling academic prophecy ". The station-master, magistrate, and amateur ethnographer Francis Gillen first used the terms in an ethnographical report in 1896. Along with Walter Baldwin Spencer , Gillen published a major work, Native Tribes of Central Australia , in 1899. In that work, they spoke of
279-595: Is often associated with a particular place, and may also belong to specific ages, gender or skin groups . Dreamings may be represented in artworks, for example "Pikilyi Jukurrpa" by Theo (Faye) Nangala represents the Dreaming of Pikilyi (Vaughan Springs) in the Northern Territory , and belongs to the Japanangka/ Nanpanangka and Japangardi/ Napanangka skin groups. Related entities are known as Mura-mura by
310-474: Is used to represent Aboriginal concepts of " Everywhen ", during which the land was inhabited by ancestral figures, often of heroic proportions or with supernatural abilities. These figures were often distinct from gods, as they did not control the material world and were not worshipped but only revered . The concept of the Dreamtime has subsequently become widely adopted beyond its original Australian context and
341-532: The Wangga genre, the songs and dances express themes related to death and regeneration. They are performed publicly with the singer composing from their daily lives or while Dreaming of a nyuidj (dead spirit). Dreaming stories vary throughout Australia, with variations on the same theme. The meaning and significance of particular places and creatures is wedded to their origin in The Dreaming, and certain places have
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#1733094185440372-559: The Alcheringa as "the name applied to the far distant past with which the earliest traditions of the tribe deal". Five years later, in their Northern Tribes of Central Australia , they gloss the far distant age as "the dream times", link it to the word alcheri meaning "dream", and affirm that the term is current also among the Kaitish and Unmatjera . Early doubts about the precision of Spencer and Gillen's English gloss were expressed by
403-520: The Dieri and as Tjukurpa in Pitjantjatjara . "Dreaming" is now also used as a term for a system of totemic symbols, so that an Aboriginal person may "own" a specific Dreaming, such as Kangaroo Dreaming, Shark Dreaming, Honey Ant Dreaming, Badger Dreaming, or any combination of Dreamings pertinent to their country. This is because in the Dreaming an individual's entire ancestry exists as one, culminating in
434-478: The Warlpiri language ) were established, some of which could travel right across Australia, through as many as six to ten different language groupings. The dreaming and travelling trails of these heroic spirit beings are the songlines. The signs of the spirit beings may be of spiritual essence, physical remains such as petrosomatoglyphs of body impressions or footprints, among natural and elemental simulacra. Some of
465-413: The surname Petyarre . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petyarre&oldid=1026252176 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
496-471: The "Summer Project" in 1989 which involved translating the batik paintings onto canvas. She was one of the founding members of this Utopia Women's Batik Group. She painted an original subject titled Leaves as well as body paint designs and several Dreamtime stories such as pencil yam , bean , emu and mountain devil lizard and small brown grass. Her paintings – monochromatic or multi-coloured – have well defined segments filled with curved lines. Her style
527-444: The 1890s that used the word to mean "associated with past times" or "eternal", not "god". Academic Sam Gill finds Strehlow's use of Altjira ambiguous, sometimes describing a supreme being, and sometimes describing a totem being but not necessarily a supreme one. He attributes the clash partly to Spencer's cultural evolutionist beliefs that Aboriginal people were at a pre-religion "stage" of development (and thus could not believe in
558-525: The Art Gallery of New South Wales. The Australian magazine Art Collector called her "one of our most collectable indigenous artists".[1] As of 2014, her overall career rank on the Australian indigenous art market was 13.[2] Her piece was known for its strokes and paint style, which furthered her career. She became a travelling artist after the art exhibit in 1988 that was initiated by CAAMA. This art exhibit
589-548: The Dreaming into other languages are based on the translation of the word dream . Examples include Espaces de rêves in French ("dream spaces") and Snivanje in Croatian (a gerund derived from the verb for "to dream"). The concept of the Dreaming is inadequately explained by English terms, and difficult to explain in terms of non-Aboriginal cultures. It has been described as "an all-embracing concept that provides rules for living,
620-569: The German Lutheran pastor and missionary Carl Strehlow in his 1908 book Die Aranda ( The Arrernte ). He noted that his Arrernte contacts explained altjira , whose etymology was unknown, as an eternal being who had no beginning. In the Upper Arrernte language , the proper verb for "to dream" was altjirerama , literally "to see God". Strehlow theorised that the noun is the somewhat rare word altjirrinja , which Spencer and Gillen gave
651-477: The ancestor or spirit beings inhabiting the Dreamtime become one with parts of the landscape, such as rocks or trees. The concept of a life force is also often associated with sacred sites, and ceremonies performed at such sites "are a re-creation of the events which created the site during The Dreaming". The ceremony helps the life force at the site to remain active and to keep creating new life: if not performed, new life cannot be created. Dreaming existed before
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#1733094185440682-497: The idea that all worldly knowledge is accumulated through one's ancestors. Many Aboriginal Australians also refer to the world-creation time as "Dreamtime". The Dreaming laid down the patterns of life for the Aboriginal people. Creation is believed to be the work of culture heroes who travelled across a formless land, creating sacred sites and significant places of interest in their travels. In this way, " songlines " (or Yiri in
713-406: The life of the individual begins, and continues to exist when the life of the individual ends. Both before and after life, it is believed that this spirit-child exists in the Dreaming and is only initiated into life by being born through a mother. The spirit of the child is culturally understood to enter the developing fetus during the fifth month of pregnancy. When the mother felt the child move in
744-600: The sky (which is a body of land through which runs the Milky Way , a river). However, by the time Strehlow was writing, his contacts had been converts to Christianity for decades, and critics suggested that Altjira had been used by missionaries as a word for the Christian God . In 1926, Spencer conducted a field study to challenge Strehlow's conclusion about Altjira and the implied criticism of Gillen and Spencer's original work. Spencer found attestations of altjira from
775-456: The womb for the first time, it was thought that this was the work of the spirit of the land in which the mother then stood. Upon birth, the child is considered to be a special custodian of that part of their country and is taught the stories and songlines of that place. As Wolf (1994: p. 14) states: "A 'black fella' may regard his totem or the place from which his spirit came as his Dreaming. He may also regard tribal law as his Dreaming." In
806-500: Was best understood by non-Aboriginal people as "a complex of meanings". Jukurrpa is a widespread term used by Warlpiri people and other peoples of the Western Desert cultural bloc . By the 1990s, Dreaming had acquired its own currency in popular culture , based on idealised or fictionalised conceptions of Australian mythology. Since the 1970s, Dreaming has also returned from academic usage via popular culture and tourism and
837-605: Was held at the E.H. Sherwin Gallery in Sydney . Petyarre then travelled around the world to display her picture story exhibition, going to Ireland, England, India, and the U.S. Petyarre used batik, and she was known for her big leaf paintings. She mixed colours on her canvas, and used big and wide strokes in her works. Petyarre worked in the Women's Batik Group with some of her family, like her sister Kathleen Petyarre and well-known aunt Emily Kame Kngwarreye . Her work, such as "Bush Medicine"
868-687: Was influenced by huge brush strokes and heavy lines. She also created feather-like strokes with vivid colours, like her piece "Thorny Mountain Devil Lizard Dreaming". Her style ranged from landscapes and natural tones, to vivid colours and smaller strokes. Petyarre's work is sold online, and can be found in National Gallery of Australia . Petyarre lived at an outstation community in Utopia after 1977, where she started batik painting, exhibiting in shows around Australia for ten years. She began work on
899-539: Was known for its abstract fields and bright colours. Petyarre had six sisters, all of whom have received international recognition. Dreamtime The Dreaming , also referred to as Dreamtime , is a term devised by early anthropologists to refer to a religio-cultural worldview attributed to Australian Aboriginal mythology . It was originally used by Francis Gillen , quickly adopted by his colleague Sir Baldwin Spencer and thereafter popularised by A. P. Elkin , who, however, later revised his views. The Dreaming
930-564: Was launched by the CAAMA ( Central Australian Aboriginal Media Association ). She continued her artwork through her paintings while also working with one of her six sisters, Kathleen Petyarre . Petyarre died on 8 June 2021 in Alice Springs. Petyarre started her art career in the Women's Batik group and was known for Batik paint style. In 1999, she won the Wynne Prize with her piece Leaves at
961-607: Was some semantic relationship between " Altjira " and "a dream", but to imagine that the latter captures the essence of "Altjira" is an illusion. The complex of religious beliefs encapsulated by the Dreamings are also called: In English, anthropologists have variously translated words normally understood to mean Dreaming or Dreamtime in a variety of other ways, including "Everywhen", "world-dawn", "ancestral past", "ancestral present", "ancestral now" (satirically), "unfixed in time", "abiding events" or "abiding law". Most translations of