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81-484: The family trust's key landholdings are in Putney and West Brompton , London. Most of the houses were originally let for a large premium, to give long leases, archetypally 99 years. These have been gradually reduced in number by freehold enfranchisement, however value loss has been counteracted by a manifold increase in property prices in the capital over the last centuries, greater than all other British cities. This part of

162-508: A tournament near Paris. Henry II commemorated his sons by founding what resembled the classic institutional chantry: he endowed altars and priests at Rouen Cathedral in perpetuity for the soul of the young Henry. King Philip II of France endowed priests at the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris for the soul of Duke Geoffrey. John, Count of Mortain, the youngest son of Henry II, also created chantry-like foundations: in 1192 he endowed

243-409: A fondness for the sport and was made an honorary member. Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton , the honorary member who presided at the club dinner in 1910, allowed his two young children to play cowboys and Indians on the cricket green during the week. The Chelsea Water Company originally owned the reservoir site and allowed construction of the club pavilion on its property. The reservoir site

324-600: A greater church. The family of King Henry II of England (1154–1189) contributed greatly to religious patronage. Henry II founded at least one daily mass for his soul by his gift of the manor of Lingoed in Gwent to Dore Abbey in Herefordshire; he provided for the services in perpetuity of four monk-priests. In 1183 the king lost his eldest son, Henry the Young King . In 1185 his third son, Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany , died in

405-504: A hurry to get to the House of Commons rode together with his servant to Putney to take the ferry across to Fulham. The ferry boat was on the opposite side, however and the waterman, who was drinking in the Swan, ignored the calls of Sir Robert and his servant and they were obliged to take another route. Walpole vowed that a bridge would replace the ferry." The Prince of Wales "was often inconvenienced by

486-802: A landscape which now forms part of a Conservation Area identified by the borough council as "unique in London"; among the largest are London Rowing Club , Thames Rowing Club , Imperial College Boat Club and Vesta Rowing Club . Leander Club owned a boathouse in Putney from 1867 to 1961. The Putney clubs have produced a plethora of Olympic medallists and Henley winners. Putney Town Rowing Club , although retaining Putney's name, has now moved to Kew . The University Boat Race , first contested in 1829 in Henley-on-Thames , has had Putney as its starting point since 1845. Since 1856, it has been an annual event, beginning at

567-399: A larger church, generally dedicated to the donor's favourite saint. Many chantry altars became richly endowed, often with gold furnishings and valuable vestments . Over the centuries, chantries increased in embellishments, often by attracting new donors and chantry priests. Those feoffees who could afford to employ them in many cases enjoyed great wealth. Sometimes this led to corruption of

648-590: A permanent new riverside Putney Sculpture Trail in the London Borough of Wandsworth, officially unveiled in September 2008. Sir Jacob Epstein was buried in Putney Vale Cemetery on 24 August 1959. Henri Gaudier-Brzeska had a studio in Putney in the last year of his life after moving from 454a Fulham Road. Sydney Schiff went to visit Gaudier there in 1914 to buy the "Dancer", which was later presented to

729-452: A poem by Dorothea Smartt running along its length. Alan Thornhill lived and worked in Putney for many years and his studio still remains. The sculpture Load was presented to Putney on Fools Day and occupies a permanent position near the south-west end of Putney Bridge on Lower Richmond Road. A film, launched at Appledore and Chichester Film Festivals in 2008 documents these celebrations. The acquisition of eight further large works formed

810-416: A private free-standing chapel, usually licensed by the local bishop (such as the surviving one at Noseley , Leicestershire) or in an aisle of a greater church. If chantries were in religious communities, they were sometimes headed by a warden or archpriest. Such chantries generally had constitutions directing the terms by which priests might be appointed and how they were to be supervised. The perpetual chantry

891-559: A stipulated number of services for the benefit of the soul of a specified deceased person, usually the donor who had established the chantry in his will . There could be a stipulated period of time immediately following her/his death. It was believed such masses might help atone for misdeeds and with mercy enable the soul to be granted eternal peace in the presence of God. Chantries were commonly established in England and were endowed with lands, rents from specified properties, and other assets of

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972-631: A week." One regular visitor was Queen Elizabeth I who frequently visited Putney from 1579 to 1603, often visiting Mr John Lacy. She was said to "honour Lacy with her company more frequently than any of her subjects", often staying for two to three days. Charles II reviewed his forces on Putney Heath in 1684; in May 1767, George III reviewed the Guards, and the Surrey Volunteers at the same spot in 1799. According to Samuel Pepys, Charles II and his brother,

1053-470: Is 81% white, 8% Asian, 5% black, and 4% of mixed or multiple ethnicities. Sixty-five percent of the population was born in the UK. The most identified religion was Christianity at 56%, with 27% declaring no religion, 8% not stating any religion, 5% Muslim and other religions making up the remainder. The 2011 Census revealed Thamesfield as having the highest number of Australians and New Zealanders in London, followed by

1134-529: Is around 400 acres (160 hectares) less the nascent A3 road in size and rises to 45 metres (148 ft) above sea level. Because of its elevation, from 1796 to 1816 Putney Heath hosted a station in the shutter telegraph chain , which connected the Admiralty in London to its naval ships in Portsmouth . One of 10 signal stations with telescopes making observation of the next station's signal, a message could be sent from

1215-559: Is now owned by Thames Water . Cricket matches continued during the war although some games started late or were drawn due to late starts or air raid sirens. Four German V-1 flying bombs struck the area in World War II. One destroyed the club's pavilion, opposite the Telegraph pub, in July 1944, near where the covered water reservoir is located. Wildcroft Road, turning into Portsmouth Road and thus

1296-659: Is paid by the touring company to the Wimbledon and Putney Commons Conservators, as part of the income of the charity. Excluding the Putney Exchange in a survey by the New Economics Foundation of 27 London high streets in 2005, Putney's ranked fifth most "cloned...[meaning] offering identikit shopping with little local character". A local directory of Putney in 1932 listed a high proportion of residents as being professional, including doctors and lawyers. The area also

1377-470: Is the Lovekyn Chapel at Kingston upon Thames, within what is now Kingston Grammar School. The Grade II* listed chapel was founded in 1309 and is no longer used for religious services. The Christian practices of prayer and offering mass for the repose of the soul of a deceased person are recorded as early as the 3rd and 4th centuries respectively. The custom of having quantities of masses offered for

1458-444: Is used by Roehampton Cricket Club and is one of the oldest cricket teams in London, established 1842. The club has played there continuously since 1859 when lord of the manor, Earl Spencer, suggested it as a new site. It has two sides in the highly competitive Fullers Surrey County League and a Sunday side that plays on a more social level. In 1900, a decade after the death of his multi-millionaire father Junius Morgan , JP Morgan gained

1539-584: The Domesday Book of 1086 as Putelei , although this was "probably a mistake of the Norman scribes". Ultimately the name derives from the Anglo-Saxon Puttan hythe , meaning Putta's landing place. It was noted that it did not fall into the category of local jurisdictions known as a manor , but obtained 20 shillings from the ferry or market toll at Putney belonging to the manor of Mortlake . The ferry

1620-642: The Battle of Brentford in 1642, the Parliamentary forces built a bridge of boats between Fulham and Putney. According to an account from the period: The Lord-Generall hath caused a bridge to be built upon barges and lighters over the Thames, between Fulham and Putney, to convey his army and artillery over into Surry, to follow the King's forces; and he hath ordered that forts shall be erected at each end thereof to guard it; but for

1701-529: The Cluniac order emphasised an elaborate liturgy as the centre of its common life, developing an unrivalled liturgy for the dead and offering its benefits to its patrons. By the 1150s, the order had so many demands for masses for the dead that Peter the Venerable placed a moratorium on further endowments. Other monastic orders benefited from this movement, but similarly became burdened by commemoration. The history of

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1782-621: The County of London . The Wandsworth District became the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth in 1900. Since 1965 Putney has formed part of the London Borough of Wandsworth in Greater London . The benefice of the parish remains a perpetual curacy whose patron is the Dean and Chapter of Worcester Cathedral . The church, founded in the medieval period as a chapel of ease to Wimbledon, was rebuilt in

1863-605: The Duke of York , used to run horses here. A stone and brick obelisk was erected on Putney Heath in 1770, marking the 110th anniversary of the Great Fire of London , to coincide with the invention of the Hartley fire plates by David Hartley (the Younger) , near a spot where his fireproof house was built. The obelisk, with ornately detailed foundation stone, is still standing and can be accessed via

1944-582: The Hundred of Brixton in the county of Surrey . Its area has been reduced by the loss of Roehampton to the south-west, an offshoot hamlet that conserved more of its own clustered historic core. In 1855 the parish was included in the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works and was grouped into the Wandsworth District . In 1889 the area was removed from Surrey and became part of

2025-694: The University Stone , just upstream from Putney Bridge . Several other important rowing races over the Championship Course also either start or finish at the stone, notably the Head of the River Race . Next to Putney Bridge is one of the sites used in the construction of the Thames Tideway Tunnel . With completion of the project, a new embankment has been constructed with a ventilation column with

2106-606: The Victoria and Albert Museum . Gaudier-Brzeska was killed in France in June 1915. A commemorative plaque was placed at 2 Colinette Road in remembrance of an anecdote of the British mathematician G. H. Hardy when he visited Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan in hospital. I remember once going to see him when he was ill at Putney. I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that

2187-544: The Act required the money to go to "charitable" ends and the "public good", most of it appears to have gone to friends of the Court. The Crown sold many chantries to private citizens; for example, in 1548 Thomas Bell of Gloucester purchased at least five in his city. The Act provided that the Crown had to guarantee a pension to all chantry priests displaced by its implementation. An example of

2268-459: The Admiralty to Portsmouth within 15 minutes. This was replaced by a semaphore station, which was part of a semaphore line that operated between 1822 and 1847. Putney Heath was for many years a noted rendezvous for highwaymen. In 1795, the notorious highwayman Jeremiah Abershaw – also known as Jerry Avershaw – was caught in the Green Man pub (now owned by Wandsworth pub company Young's , ) on

2349-522: The Christian church for the benefit of the dead, as part of the search for atonement for sins committed during their lives. It might include the mass and by extension, the endowment left for the purpose of the continuance of prayers and liturgy. It could be called a type of " trust fund " established during the pre-Reformation medieval era in England for the purpose of employing one or more priests to sing

2430-471: The Cistercian house of Bordesley (Worcestershire), a royal abbey, demonstrates this: in the mid-12th century, it offered the services of two priest monks, presumably to say mass, for the soul of Robert de Stafford ; between 1162 and 1173, it offered the services of an additional six monks for the souls of Earl Hugh of Chester and his family. This sort of dedication of prayers towards particular individuals

2511-592: The City of London , in his private chapel within his manor of Broad Colney in Hertfordshire. He established it by the terms of his last testament in 1191, and the chantry was operational in 1212. A close associate of the Angevin royal court, FitzReiner may have adopted its religious practice. Analysis of later medieval wills has shown that the chantry appeared in many forms. A perpetual chantry consisted of one or more priests, in

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2592-563: The East Putney ward in second place. Putney is also noted for its high concentration of South-African residents , a survey by BBC News found that Putney had more South African residents than any other region in the UK. The Member of Parliament for Putney is Fleur Anderson , who has served as the MP for the constituency since the 2019 general election , as a member of the Labour Party . Since

2673-599: The King for as long as he should live. In conjunction with the Dissolution of the Monasteries , the Act helped to finance the war with France. Because Henry lived for only two years after the Act was passed, few chantries were closed or transferred to him. His young son and successor, King Edward VI , signed a new Act in 1547, which ended 2,374 chantries and guild chapels and seized their assets; it also instituted inquiries to determine all of their possessions. Although

2754-563: The Southern Department , who published The Ruins of Palmyra about the Roman ruins he visited at Baalbek in Syria , and other archæological works lies here. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham , died at a house on Putney Heath. In the 1840s Putney was still a part-wooded, part-agricultural village focussed closest to the Thames, opposite to Fulham, with which it was connected by a wooden bridge. It

2835-466: The anniversary of a person's death. At the Council of Attigny in 765, about 40 abbots and bishops agreed to say mass and recite the psalms for the repose of the souls of their deceased brethren. Ninth-century France and England have records of numerous such undertakings between monasteries and churches, whereby they would offer prayers for the souls of deceased members of each other's communities. Before

2916-515: The area between the Lower and Upper Richmond Roads. Roger Astley (died 1780) by his will dated 15 February 1778 bequeathed to Roger Pettiward his " copyhold estate at Putney consisting of three tenements". In 1893 on this agricultural land immediately east of Erpingham Road was built an athletic track and concrete cycling velodrome, the first of its type in the United Kingdom. In 1904 houses were built on

2997-500: The area, one of his main streets being Gunter Grove, the southern continuation of Finborough Road beyond the junction with Fulham Road. The estate was bounded to the west by the land of William Edwardes, 2nd Baron Kensington (1777–1852), 39 acres of which he sold before 1840 to form the Brompton Cemetery , opened in 1840. The eastern boundary was the east side of Redcliffe Gardens, the property of James Gunter. The northern boundary

3078-453: The bowling-green formerly attached to it, and for more than sixty years (1690–1750) was the most famous green in the neighbourhood of London. The house had large rooms for public breakfasts and assemblies, was a fashionable place of entertainment, and noted for "deep play." Pitt died in the house in 1806. It was later owned by Henry Lewis Doulton, son of Henry Doulton of pottery fame. It was demolished and an art deco style residence rebuilt on

3159-576: The car park adjacent to The Telegraph public house, off Wildcroft Road, SW15. The lower part of this house was repeatedly set on fire in the presence, among others, of King George III and Queen Charlotte , the members of Parliament, the Lord Mayor, and the Aldermen. Since 1955 the obelisk has been a Grade II listed building. The adjacent Wildcroft Manor was formerly in the ownership of publishing magnate George Newnes , builder of Putney Library . In 1895 he

3240-412: The chantries, priests were displaced who had previously taught the urban poor and rural residents; afterwards, local residents suffered greatly diminished access to education for their children. Some of the chantries were converted into grammar schools named after King Edward. Royal peculiars were not covered by any of the above Acts of Parliament, so were not abolished. Most declined over time, until

3321-526: The collegiate church of Bakewell in Derbyshire for the establishment of a prebend at Lichfield Cathedral ; the holder was to celebrate mass in perpetuity for John's soul. The concept of the institutional chantry thus developed in the 1180s within English and French royal circles, which were wealthy enough to endow them. In non-royal society, the first perpetual mass was endowed by Richard FitzReiner, Sheriff of

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3402-454: The confines of their institution, to the population at large. Like the monasteries, they offered dedicated prayers for the dead. An example is the collegiate church of Marwell (Hampshire), founded by Bishop Henry of Winchester in the early 1160s. The priests of the college were to pray for the souls of the bishops of Winchester and kings of England. Gradually perpetual masses for the dead were delegated to one altar and one secular priest within

3483-521: The consecrated life expected of clergymen. It also led in general to an accumulation of great wealth and power in the Church, beyond the feudal control of the Crown. This evident amassing of assets was one of the pretexts used by King Henry VIII to order the Dissolution of the Monasteries in England. At the time of the Dissolution, chantries were abolished and their assets were sold or granted to persons at

3564-417: The dead is first recorded in the early 7th century, in connection with the developing understanding of transferable spiritual credit and clerical stipends . By around the year 700 the practice had emerged across Western Europe of priests saying multiple masses simultaneously, driving the proliferation of side altars . The most common form was the anniversarium or missa annualis , a mass said annually on

3645-465: The discretion of Henry and his son King Edward VI , via the Court of Augmentations . Many Tudor businessmen, such as Thomas Bell (1486–1566) of Gloucester , acquired chantries as financial investments for the afterlife, but yielding income streams in the here and now, derived from chantry rents; or the chantry assets could be "unbundled" and sold on piecemeal at a profit. A surviving free-standing chapel

3726-427: The donor, usually in his will. The income from these assets maintained the "chantry" priest. Secondly, a chantry chapel is a building on private land or a dedicated area or altar within a parish church or cathedral , set aside or built especially for the performance of the "chantry duties" by the priest. A chantry may occupy a single altar , for example in the side aisle of a church, or an enclosed chapel within

3807-483: The east end of the north side, preserving the old style. In 1684, Thomas Martyn bequeathed lands for the foundation and support of a charity school for 20 boys, sons of watermen; and by a decree of the court of chancery in 1715, the property was vested in trustees. A charitable almshouse for 12 men and women, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was erected by Sir Abraham Dawes, who provided it with an endowment. Putney

3888-645: The end of the English Civil War , with the Roundheads looking victorious, some soldiers in the New Model Army staged a minor mutiny amid fears that a monarchy would be replaced by a new dictatorship. A number, known as the Levellers , complained: "We were not a mere mercenary army hired to serve any arbitrary power of a state, but called forth … to the defence of the people's just right and liberties". A manifesto

3969-626: The estate takes up what was the north-west corner of Chelsea, south of Earl's Court and north of World's End. Surviving records show the Pettiward family as landowners in south-west Kensington in the 1640s. Their West Brompton estate appears to have been acquired later, by Walter Pettiward (died 1749). The Pettiwards sold a small part of their estate to James I Gunter (died 1819) in 1811, a confectioner of Berkeley Square , whose son Robert I Gunter (d.1852) and grandsons Sir Robert Gunter, 1st Baronet (1831–1905) and James II Gunter developed much other land in

4050-757: The fate of an abolished chantry is St Anne's Chapel in Barnstaple , Devon: its assets were acquired by the Mayor of Barnstaple and others in 1585, some time after the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The deed of feoffment dated 1 November 1585 exists in the George Grant Francis collection in Swansea, summarised as follows: (i) Robert Appley the elder, Robert Cade, Hugh Brasyer and Richard Wetheridge of Barnestaple to: (ii) William Plamer, mayor of Barnestaple, Richard Dodderidge, Roger Cade, Symon Monngey, Robert Appley

4131-529: The ferry when returning from hunting in Richmond Park and asked Walpole to use his influence by supporting the bridge." The bridge was a wooden structure and lasted for 150 years. However, by 1886, it was no longer strong enough to withstand increasing road traffic, and was replaced by the stone bridge that stands today. The parish church of St Mary the Virgin became the site of the 1647 Putney Debates . Towards

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4212-402: The future A3, was a main thoroughfare into SW London and became a stop-off point for American serviceman who alighted from their jeeps to "taste this crazy cricket game" On the south side of the reservoir, in the triangle of land between Wildcroft Road, Tibbet's Ride and the Green Man, is a large clearing of land. A funfair is set up on the grounds each October, lasting for one week. Ground rent

4293-406: The girls of the schools, few of which pretty; and there I come into a pew, and met with little James Pierce, which I was much pleased at, the little rogue being very glad to see me: his master, Reader to the Church. Here was a good sermon and much company, but I sleepy, and a little out of order, for my hat falling down through a hole underneath the pulpit, which, however, after sermon, by a stick, and

4374-448: The help of the clerke, I got up again, and then walked out of the church." For centuries, Putney was a place where Londoners came for leisure, to enjoy the open spaces and clean air. Londoners came to Putney to play games. According to John Locke, who writes, in 1679: "The sports of England for a curious stranger to see are horse-racing, hawking, hunting, and bowling; at Putney he may see several persons of quality bowling two or three times

4455-609: The holder of the Great Seal of England. As he was riding up Putney Hill, he was overtaken by one of the royal chamberlains who presented him with a ring as a token of the continuance of his majesty's favour. When the Cardinal had heard these words of the king, he quickly lighted from his mule and knelt down upon both knees, holding up his hands for joy, and said "When I consider the joyful news that you have brought to me, I could do no less than greatly rejoice. Every word pierces so my heart, that

4536-608: The land, as to these key streets: Putney Putney ( / ˈ p ʌ t n i / ) is an affluent district in southwest London , England, in the London Borough of Wandsworth , five miles (eight kilometres) southwest of Charing Cross . The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Putney is an ancient parish which covered 9.11 km ( 3 + 17 ⁄ 32  sq mi) in

4617-452: The law, conscription abolished and parliamentary elections held every year. While the ideas proved greatly influential, including inspiring much of the language of the United States Declaration of Independence , Oliver Cromwell would later have the Leveller leaders executed. The diarist Samuel Pepys visited St. Mary's Church on several occasions. During one visit on 28 April 1667, he recorded: "and then back to Putney Church, where I saw

4698-432: The many buttresses of the original Putney Bridge restricted the transit of large river boats) ensuring more suitable water for rowing. The river was also cleaner at Putney. Secondly, the construction of the London and South Western Railway from Waterloo to Putney and the District Railway to Putney Bridge allowed easy commuting. More than twenty rowing clubs are based on the River Thames at Putney Embankment in

4779-399: The most significant effects of the chantries, and the most significant loss resulting from their suppression, was educational, as chantry priests had provided education. Katherine, Lady Berkeley had founded the first chantry school in 1384. Since chantry priests were not ordinaries , nor did they offer public masses, they could serve their communities in other ways. When King Edward VI closed

4860-444: The north face of the heath, west of the Green Man. All had semi-circular carriageway entrances and exits. These included Grantham House, the residence of Lady Grantham; Ripon House, Ashburton House; Exeter House, occupied by the second Marquis of Exeter . George Cokayne , author of peerage and baronetage publications, died at Exeter House in 1911. Nearby Gifford House was owned by the J. D. Charrington of brewing fame; and Dover House,

4941-460: The northside of the heath where Putney Hill meets Tibbet's Ride. After execution his body was hung in chains on the heath as a warning to others. An ancient wood fence cattle pound is located opposite the Green Man, adjacent to two huge plane trees, near the bus terminus. This simple wood fence structure, used historically to contain lost livestock, has been listed as a Grade II listed structure since 1983. A number of fine homes lined Putney Hill and

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5022-401: The number seemed to me rather a dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavourable omen. "No," he replied, "it is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways." Chantry A chantry is an ecclesiastical term that may have either of two related meanings: In the Medieval Era through to the Age of Enlightenment it

5103-411: The present the seamen, with long boats and shallops, full of ordnance and musketeers, lie there upon the river to secure it. The first permanent bridge between Fulham and Putney was completed in 1729, and was the second bridge to be built across the Thames in London (after London Bridge ). One story runs that "in 1720 Sir Robert Walpole was returning from seeing George I at Kingston and being in

5184-408: The second half of the 19th century, Putney has been a significant centre for rowing . There are two reasons for this. First, increasing numbers of steam-powered boats (not to mention the growing levels of sewage being discharged into the river) made leisure rowing on the Thames in central London unpleasant if not impossible. There was much less commercial traffic on the river at Putney (partly because

5265-458: The site in 1933. Putney Heath, near the Telegraph pub, was also the venue for the September 1809 duel between Cabinet ministers George Canning and Lord Castlereagh . Scio House was the last villa on Portsmouth Road abutting the heath: it eventually became a hospital and was known as Scio House Hospital for Officers, Putney. It has since been redeveloped as a gated community of 70 neo-Georgian homes divided between two streets. Putney Heath

5346-401: The sudden joy surmounted my memory, having no regard or respect to the place; but I thought it my duty, that in the same place where I received this comfort, to laud and praise God upon my knees, and most humbly to render unto my sovereign lord my most hearty thanks for the same". The first bridge of any kind between the two parishes of Fulham and Putney was built during the Civil War : after

5427-422: The very early Tudor period and in 1836 was again rebuilt, and the old tower restored, at an expense of £7,000 (which is approximately equivalent to £832,342 in 2023) defrayed by subscription, a rate, and a grant of £400 from the Incorporated Society. It has a small chantry chapel (originally erected by native Nicholas West , Bishop of Ely (d. 1533)) removed from the east end of the south aisle, and rebuilt at

5508-401: The whole area of Putney Hill and West Hill, leading into Putney Heath, as wealthy or well-to-do. Despite a full array of places of worship, he said it was noted for low church attendance with all denominations "struggling for the souls of pleasure-seeking Putney... the middle class here are as indifferent as the poor elsewhere." The village green at the corner of Wildcroft and Telegraph Roads

5589-437: The year 1000 in Italy, France and England, parishes extended the benefits of such facilities to the laity . Kings and great magnates asked for prayers for their souls in the monasteries they had founded. Current theory described by Colvin (2000) locates the origins of the chantry in the rapid expansion of regular monasteries in the 11th century. The abbey of Cluny and its hundreds of daughter houses were central to this:

5670-548: The younger, Robert Pronze (Prouse?), Roger Beaple, George Pyne, gent., Jacob Wescombe, Gilbert Hareys, Robert Marlen, Thomas Mathewe, James Beaple, George Baker, James Downe, William Bayly, John Collybeare, Robert Collybeare, and John Knyll of Barnestaple; 1 Chancery and Chapel of St Anne lately dissolved in Barnestaple with 1 house with land belonging to the late Chancery and Chapel; also 1 house and land in Barnestaple which John Littlestone of Barnestaple, merchant, and John Buddle, potter, granted to (i). One of

5751-414: Was a step towards the institutional chantry. Crouch (2001) points to the parallel development of communities or colleges of secular priests or canons as another theory of influence on the evolution of the chantry. Such communities were not monastic foundations: although members lived a similar lifestyle to monks they differed in that their monastic rule was relaxed to allow preaching and ministry, beyond

5832-468: Was commonly believed such liturgies might help atone for misdeeds and assist the soul to obtain eternal peace. The word "chantry" derives from Old French chanter and from the Latin cantare (to sing). Its medieval derivative cantaria means "licence to sing mass". The French term for this commemorative institution is chapellenie (chaplaincy). Firstly, a chantry could mean the prayers and liturgy in

5913-532: Was created a baronet "of Wildcroft, in the parish of Putney, in the county of London . Many duels were undertaken on Putney Heath. In May 1652, George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos , and Colonel Henry Compton fought with Compton being killed in the encounter. On a Sunday afternoon in May 1798 William Pitt , the then Prime Minister, who lived in Bowling-Green House on the heath, fought a bloodless battle with William Tierney, MP. The house derived its name from

5994-418: Was home to significant numbers of retired naval officers. The 2011 census showed this professional character still present. Looking at a combination of the electoral wards of East Putney, West Putney and Thamesfield (which comprises North Putney), 46% of residents were classified as higher or lower "managerial, administrative & professional" socio-economic status; 6% were retired. Ethnicity in these wards

6075-466: Was mentioned in the household accounts of Edward I (reigned 1272–1307): Robert the Ferryman of Putney and other sailors received 3/6d for carrying a great part of the royal family across the Thames and also for taking the king and his family to Westminster . One famous crossing at Putney was that of Cardinal Wolsey in 1529 upon his 'disgrace' in falling out of favour with Henry VIII and on ceasing to be

6156-507: Was proposed entitled An Agreement of the People , and at an open meeting in Putney the officers of the Army Council heard the argument from private soldiers for a transparent, democratic state, without corruption. Proposals included sovereignty for English citizens, Parliamentary seats distributed according to population rather than property ownership, religion made a free choice, equality before

6237-576: Was street-lit with gas, partly paved, and well supplied with water. In 1840, the College for Civil Engineers relocated to Putney. Putney had a second place of worship for Independents, and Roehampton achieved separate parish status in 1845. The proprietors of the bridge distributed £31 per annum to watermen , and watermen's widows and children, and the parish received benefit from Henry Smith's and other charities. Putney in 1887 covered 9 km ( 3 + 1 ⁄ 2  sq mi). Putney appears in

6318-593: Was the back of the houses on Redcliffe Lane. The north–south extent thus comprised numbers 2 to 58 Redcliffe Gardens, west side. The estate bordered: The highest-ceiling homes tend to draw on the South Kensington style, red but also frequently polychromatic (involving cream, yellow and dark shades of red/brown) brick terraces, many distinguished by rusticated quoins and other stone dressings, particularly light, multi-level cornices (at lower storeys often called plats/bands). The Pettiward family owned farms in part of

6399-596: Was the birthplace of Thomas Cromwell , made Earl of Essex by Henry VIII ; of Edward Gibbon , author of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire , who was born in 1737; and also of Clement Attlee , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1945–1951 and Leader of the Labour Party 1935 –1955, born in 1883. John Toland , a noted free-thinker , died and was buried at Putney in 1722. Robert Wood , under- Secretary of State for

6480-625: Was the most prestigious and expensive option for the wealthy burgess or nobleman. A lesser option was the endowment of a fixed-term chantry, to fund masses sung by one or two priests at a side altar. Terms ranging from one to ten years were more common than the perpetual variety of chantry. Following the Reformation in England initiated by King Henry VIII , Parliament passed an Act in 1545 which defined chantries as representing misapplied funds and misappropriated lands. The Act provided that all chantries and their properties would thenceforth belong to

6561-399: Was the seat originally of Lord Dover , afterwards of Lord Clifden . It was owned at the turn of the 20th century by the famous US financier JP Morgan . With the development of transport routes for the growing financial sector, the area became highly desirable for City gents in the 1890s and they were initially known as "outsiders". In 1900, social researcher Charles Booth had classified

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