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23-603: After the conquest, the Spanish crown focused on the Catholic indoctrination of the natives. Human settlements founded by royal missionaries in the New World were called "Indian doctrines" or simply " doctrines ". Originally, friars had only temporary missions: teach the Catholic faith to the natives, and then transfer the settlements to secular parishes, just like the ones that existed in Spain at

46-478: A decree issue on 6 November 1839, created a new independent district called Amatitlán which also included Palín and Villa Nueva . The decree says: The district changed its name to Amatitlán Department according to the executive order of 8 May 1866 of field Marshall Vicente Cerna y Cerna government. The Amatitlán Department was abolished by decree 2081 of 29 April 1935 of president general Jorge Ubico regime. This decree reads literally: "Considering that it

69-514: A few years, he had resettled about 1.4 million Indians into 840 communities, many of which were the nuclei of present-day cities, towns, and villages. Probably the most famous of the reductions were in the areas of present-day Paraguay and neighboring Argentina , Brazil , and Bolivia in the 17th and 18th centuries. These were created and governed by the Jesuit order of the Catholic Church. In

92-601: A specific tree. Meanwhile music and recited verses are executed at the same time. This tradition was begun in the old Spanish capital, Santiago de Guatemala (the Antigua Guatemala of present-day) from where it was extended to the nearest villages. Years after, was taken to the new capital, Nueva Guatemala de la Asuncion. Today this folk dance is executed in other municipalities of the department of Guatemala, such as San Raymundo, Mixco, San Juan Sacatepequez, San Jose Pinula and Villa Nueva. Deportivo Petapa football club play in

115-572: Is celebrated in February and is appointed to Our Lady of the Rosary. Besides the solemn procession, there are praises appearances (popular religious theatrical plays). The other holiday is dedicated to Saint Michael (Archangel). A tradition amongst Ladinos (mestizo people) in the municipality, is the Flowers Dance, which consists of a dance in which all contestants are rolling up, first, and unrolling later in

138-529: Is convenient for the country's best interest that the Amatitlán Department be dissolved. Decrees: Despite their movement in the 18th century to its present place, the religious relics of the Order of Preachers were taken from the original settlement, including the "Señor Sepultado" (The Buried Lord) sculpture, which is five centuries old. San Miguel Petapa also has two main traditional holidays, one of which

161-654: The Spanish East Indies (the Philippines ). In Portuguese-speaking Latin America , such reductions were also called aldeias . The Spanish and Portuguese relocated, forcibly in many cases, indigenous inhabitants ( Indians or Indios ) of their colonies into urban settlements modeled on those in Spain and Portugal. The Royal Academy of Spain defines reducción (reduction) as "a grouping into settlement of indigenous people for

184-572: The Spanish Philippines , the Spanish colonial government founded hundreds of towns and villages across the archipelago modeled on towns and villages in Spain . The authorities often adopted a policy of reductions for the resettlement of inhabitants from far-flung scattered barrios or barangays to move into a centralized cabecera (town/district capital), where a newly built church and an ayuntamiento (town hall) were situated. This allowed

207-707: The second tier of Guatemalan football . Their home venue is the Estadio Julio Armando Cobar . Also, Deportivo Mixco have used the stadium while a new stadium of their own was built. San Miguel Petapa has tropical climate ( Köppen : Aw ). San Miguel Petapa is completely surrounded by Guatemala Department municipalities: Indian Reductions Reductions ( Spanish : reducciones , also called congregaciones ; Portuguese : reduções ) were settlements established by Spanish rulers and Roman Catholic missionaries in Spanish America and

230-583: The 1520s. They were begun in Baja California in the 17th century and California in the late 18th century. Reductions in Mexico were more commonly known as congregaciones . Indian reductions in the Andes , mostly in present-day Peru and Bolivia , began on a large scale in 1570 during the rule of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo . Toledo worked to remake the society of the former Inca empire , with some success. In

253-588: The Caribbean, relocating populations to be closer to Spanish settlements, often at a distance from their home territories, and likely facilitated the spread of disease. Reductions could be either religious, established and administered by an order of the Roman Catholic church (especially the Jesuits ), or secular, under the control of Spanish or Portuguese governmental authorities. The best known, and most successful, of

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276-622: The Indian population, facilitated the Spaniards' access to Indian labor, the promulgation of Christianity , and the collection of taxes and tribute. Moreover, the reduction of the Indians was intended to break down ethnic and kinship ties and detribalize the residents to create a generic, pan-Indian population, disregarding their numerous tribes and different cultures. The Spanish began creating reductions in Mexico shortly after Hernan Cortés 's conquest in

299-411: The government to defend, control and Christianize the indigenous population in scattered independent settlements, to conduct population counts , and to collect tributes . This enforced resettlement led to several revolts in the 17th century, often led by community shamans ( babaylan ). In some cases, entire villages would move deeper into island interiors to escape the reductions. A similar policy

322-475: The indoctrination of the faith. The policy of reductions was begun in 1503 by Spanish colonists on Caribbean islands. In the words of the Spanish rulers, "It is necessary that the Indians be assigned to towns in which they will live together and that they not remain or wander separated from each other in the backcountry." The Spanish ordered Indian villages to be destroyed and selected sites where new villages should be built. The concentration, or reducción of

345-601: The members died. In 1638, the Order of Preachers split their large doctrines —which meant large economic benefits for them— in groups centered around each one of their six monasteries; Petapa's doctrine was assigned to the Amatitlán Convent. In 1754, the Order of Preachers had to transfer all of their doctrines and convents to the secular clergy, as part of the Bourbon reforms . After the independence of Central America, and during governor Mariano Rivera Paz 's time in office,

368-468: The missionaries only responded to their order local authorities, and never to that of the Spanish government or the secular bishops. The orders local authorities, in turn, only dealt with their own order and not with the Spanish crown. Once a doctrine had been established, the protected their own economic interests, even against those of the King and thus, the doctrines became Indian towns that remains unaltered for

391-425: The place where the friars had their monastery and from there, they would go out to preach to settlements that belong to the doctrine and were called "annexes", "visits" or "visit towns". Therefore, the doctrines had three main characteristics: The main characteristic of the doctrines was that they were run by a group of friars, because it made sure that the community system would continue without any issue when one of

414-437: The purpose of evangelization and assimilation." In colonial Mexico , reductions were called "congregations" ( congregaciones ). Forced resettlements aimed to concentrate indigenous people into communities, facilitating civil and religious control over populations. The concentration of the indigenous peoples into towns facilitated the organization and exploitation of their labor. The practice began during Spanish colonization in

437-737: The religious reductions were those developed by the Jesuits in Paraguay and neighboring areas in the 17th century. The largest and most enduring secular reductions were those imposed on the highland people of the former Inca Empire of Peru during the rule of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo (1569–1581). During the early stages of Christianisation of the Americas, Spanish Catholic authorities might establish ecclesiastical missionary proto- parish subdivisions - Spanish : doctrinas ; singular: Spanish : doctrina , lit.   'doctrine' – for

460-404: The rest of the Spanish colony. The doctrines were founded at the friars discretion, given that they were completely at liberty to settle communities provided the main purpose was to eventually transfer it as a secular parish which would be tithing of the bishop. In reality, what happened was that the doctrines grew uncontrollably and were never transferred to any secular parish; they formed around

483-464: The time; the friars were supposed to teach Spanish and Catholicism to the natives. And when the natives were ready, they could start living in parishes and contribute with mandatory tithing, just like the people in Spain. But this plan never materialized, mainly because the Spanish crown lost control of the regular orders as soon as their friars set course to America. Shielded by their apostolic privileges granted to convert natives into Catholicism,

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506-525: Was implemented in the nearby Mariana Islands during the Spanish–Chamorro Wars (1670–1699). Cline, Howard F. "Civil Congregation of the Indians of New Spain, 1598-1606." Hispanic American Historical Review , vol. 29, (1947) no. 3, pp. 349–369 Primera Divisi%C3%B3n de Ascenso The Primera División de Ascenso is the second highest level of football in Guatemala . Formerly, it

529-611: Was known as Liga Mayor "B" . It is sanctioned by the National Football Federation of Guatemala . It is composed of two groups of ten teams each. The top 3 teams of each group go to the promotion playoffs. The bottom two teams of each group go to the relegation playoffs against each other. The winner stays, while the loser gets relegated and the winners of the Segunda Division will be automatically promoted. 2024-25 Season This article about sports in Guatemala

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