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140-758: Fenway has hosted the World Series 11 times, with the Red Sox winning six of them and the Boston Braves winning one. Besides baseball games, it has also been the site of many other sporting and cultural events including professional football games for the Boston Redskins , Boston Yanks , and the Boston Patriots ; concerts; soccer and hockey games (such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic ); and political and religious campaigns. On March 7, 2012 (Fenway's centennial year),

280-603: A best-of-nine affair matching that year's pennant winners – the Pittsburgh Pirates of the NL and Boston Americans (later known as the Red Sox ) of the AL – has come to be regarded as the 1903 World Series . It had been arranged well in advance by the two club owners, as both teams were league leaders by large margins. Boston upset Pittsburgh by five games to three, winning with pitching depth behind Cy Young and Bill Dinneen and with

420-454: A stored-value cards for seamless transactions in the park's concession stands. In July 2022, it was reported that Todd Boehly , the new owner of Chelsea F.C. had appointed Smith to oversee the renovation of Stamford Bridge , Chelsea's stadium in West London . As a newly minted architect and urban planner, Smith served as a coordinator of architecture and design for Battery Park City,

560-423: A "hawker war." The Yawkey Way Report also came with baseball cards, ponchos and tote bags, which caused Rutstein to file his own complaints with Boston city code enforcement. Despite the rivalry, both programs continue to be hawked outside of Fenway Park and are often the first thing fans see when they approach the stadium on game-day. The Red Sox' one-time cross-town rivals, the Boston Braves , used Fenway Park for

700-481: A 3–4 pattern due to World War II travel restrictions; in 1944 , the normal pattern was followed because both teams were based in the same home ballpark. Gambling and game-fixing had been a problem in professional baseball from the beginning; star pitcher Jim Devlin was banned for life in 1877 when the National League was just two years old. Baseball's gambling problems came to a head in 1919, when eight players of

840-574: A 49,000-seat baseball park.  A unique characteristic of Smith's work on Braves' Turner Field is the remnants of previously demolished Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium's foundation which is located just outside the center field and left field walls. Retaining the former Atlanta-Fulton foundation allowed the spot where home plate had been to be marked, thereby commemorating the place at which Hank Aaron broke Babe Ruth 's home run record in 1974. Between 2002 and 2009, Smith once again joined Larry Lucchino—President and CEO of Boston Red Sox—to oversee

980-643: A 7–6 Red Sox victory. The National and American Leagues operated under essentially identical rules until 1973, when the American League adopted the designated hitter (DH) rule, allowing its teams to use another hitter to bat in place of the (usually) weak-hitting pitcher. The National League did not adopt the DH rule. This presented a problem for the World Series, whose two contestants would now be playing their regular-season games under different rules. From 1973 to 1975,

1120-464: A 92-acre, $ 3 billion waterfront development project at the tip of lower Manhattan that includes the World Financial Center . As president of this nonprofit business organization, Smith participated in a plan to revitalize Los Angeles's oldest public park, Pershing Square. The idea was to include restaurants, a water sculpture , an entertainment area, a sizable crystal-like building, and

1260-637: A Dodgers team trailing 4–3 in the ninth. After getting the first two outs, Eckersley walked Mike Davis of the Dodgers, who were playing without Gibson, their best position player and the NL MVP. Gibson had injured himself in the NLCS and was expected to miss the entire World Series. Yet, despite not being able to walk without a noticeable limp, Gibson surprised all in attendance at Dodger Stadium (and all watching on TV) by pinch-hitting. After two quick strikes and then working

1400-509: A batter hits a ball into the balls, strikes, and out lights, it is also ruled a ground rule double. The inside walls of the Green Monster are covered with players' signatures from over the years. Despite the name, the Green Monster was not painted green until 1947; before that, it was covered with advertisements . The Monster designation is relatively new; for most of its history, it was simply called "the wall." In 2003, terrace-style seating

1540-556: A center-field fence at least 400 feet (120 m) from home plate. (This rule had the unintended consequence of leading to the "Cookie-Cutter Stadium" era, which ended when Camden Yards opened in 1992.) Regarding the narrow foul territory, Will writes: The narrow foul territory in Fenway Park probably adds 5 to 7 points onto batting averages . Since World War II, the Red Sox have had 18 batting champions (through 1989)... Five to 7 points are

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1680-495: A century (until the 2016 season) for their next trophy. They did not appear in the World Series from 1945 until 2016, the longest drought of any MLB club. The New York Yankees purchased Babe Ruth 's contract from the Boston Red Sox after the 1919 season, appeared in their first World Series two years later in 1921 , and became frequent participants thereafter. The 1921 World Series was the first to be broadcast on radio. Over

1820-679: A commemorative plaque placed at its base. The seat directly on the foul side of Pesky's Pole in the front row is Section 94, Row E, Seat 5 and is usually sold as a lone ticket. In a ceremony before the Red Sox' 2005 game against the Cincinnati Reds , the pole on the left field foul line atop the Green Monster was named the Fisk Foul Pole , or Pudge's Pole , in honor of Carlton Fisk . Fisk provided one of baseball's most enduring moments in Game 6 of

1960-456: A criminal conspiracy trial. Meanwhile, to deal with the fallout from the scandal baseball owners had agreed to reform the discredited National Commission. However, when they offered esteemed federal judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis a role on the reformed Commission, he quickly made clear he would only accept an appointment as the sole Commissioner of Baseball with virtually unchecked authority over

2100-451: A detailed scoreboard clock. Under Smith's influence, the city's surroundings were integrated into the ballpark design. She advocated to preserve the long vacant B&O railroad warehouse, which was destined for destruction, and incorporated it into the baseball experience. To accomplish the integration, the team needed to present a strong rationale for saving the aging warehouse. The plan ultimately approved included assigning two-thirds of

2240-557: A high of fifteen in 1887 (Detroit beat St. Louis ten games to five). Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game. The series was promoted and referred to as "The Championship of the United States", "World's Championship Series", or "World's Series" for short. In his book Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883 , Simon Winchester mentions in passing that

2380-561: A key role in the project. Smith shared Lucchino's vision for the ballpark, and was able to convey this vision to the Maryland Stadium Authority , who funded and ultimately built the project, and with HOK Sport , the architecture firm charged with drafting the new designs for the ballpark. In 1989, Smith became the Orioles' Vice President of Planning and Development and was one of the first women to hold this executive position in

2520-443: A lot, given that there may be only a 15- or 20-point spread between a good hitting team and a poor hitting team. Will states that some observers might feel that these unique aspects of Fenway give the Red Sox an advantage over their opponents, given that the Red Sox hitters play 81 games at the home stadium while each opponent plays no more than seven games as visiting teams but Will does not share this view. Fenway Park's bullpen wall

2660-635: A new ballpark in Worcester, Massachusetts . Larry Lucchino, now the Chairman of the Triple A Red Sox affiliate, once again brought in Smith to shepherd this project to completion, bringing in the architectural firm DAIQ for the project. The ballpark is uniquely situated with live railroad tracks, which were incorporated into the overall design. Creating a minor-league ballpark requires unique planning as games start earlier,

2800-739: A nighttime laser show . The $ 11.9 million proposal followed on the heels of the city "sprucing up" the 1984 Olympics park. The park had long been the refuge for homeless people in Los Angeles. The proposal was met with resistance on several fronts. While Smith was part of the planning, the project was completed after she left the Pershing Square Management Association. As Vice President of Planning and Development, Smith completed various mixed-use projects including both commercial and residential projects for this Baltimore-based real estate developer. In this role, Smith led

2940-432: A no-decision that day. The term, though it had been in use since the 1950s, became far more common when Parnell became a Red Sox broadcaster in 1965. Mark Bellhorn hit what proved to be the game-winning home run off of Julián Tavárez in game 1 of the 2004 World Series off that pole's screen. On September 27, 2006, Pesky's 87th birthday, the Red Sox officially dedicated the right field foul pole as "Pesky's Pole", with

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3080-520: A period of 45 years from 1920 to 1964, the Yankees played in 29 World Series championships, winning 20. The team's dynasty reached its apex between 1949 and 1964 when the Yankees reached the World Series 14 times in 16 years, helped by an agreement with the Kansas City Athletics , after that team moved from Philadelphia during 1954–1955 offseason, whereby the teams made several deals advantageous to

3220-816: A regular-season doubleheader as the "home" teams. Before the Futures day started, the most recent minor-league game held at Fenway had been the Eastern League All-Star Game in 1977. From 1970 to 1987, the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL) played its annual all-star game at various major league stadiums. The games were interleague contests between the CCBL and the Atlantic Collegiate Baseball League (ACBL). The 1975, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1985 and 1987 games were played at Fenway. The MVP of

3360-416: A trip to the ballpark a memorable experience. Notably, the centerfield plaza which opened in 2021 created a new front door and gave Dodger Stadium circulation that wraps 360 degrees around the stadium. The centerfield plaza is a major attraction, and was designed by a team both selected and overseen by Smith, and yielded a collaboration between DAIQ Architects, Brenda Levin & Associates and Studio MLA as

3500-498: Is much lower than most other outfield walls; outfielders are known to end up flying over this wall when chasing balls hit that direction, such as with Torii Hunter when chasing a David Ortiz game-tying grand slam that direction in game 2 of the 2013 ALCS . The Green Monster is the nickname of the 37.167 feet (11.329 m) left field wall in the park. It is located 310 to 315 feet (94 to 96 m) from home plate; this short distance often benefits right-handed hitters. Part of

3640-406: Is no distance posted on the wall. Despite the short wall, home runs in this area are relatively rare, as the fence curves away from the foul pole sharply. The pole was named after Johnny Pesky , a light-hitting shortstop and long-time coach for the Red Sox, who hit some of his six home runs at Fenway Park around the pole but never off the pole. Pesky (playing 1942 to 1952, except for 1943 to 1945)

3780-770: Is one of the two remaining jewel box ballparks still in use in Major League Baseball, the other being Wrigley Field ; both have a significant number of obstructed view seats, due to pillars supporting the upper deck. These are sold as such, and are a reminder of the architectural limitations of older ballparks. George Will asserts in his book Men at Work that Fenway Park is a "hitters' ballpark", with its short right-field fence (302 feet), narrow foul ground (the smallest of any current major league park), and generally closer-than-normal outfield fences. By Rule 1.04, Note(a), all parks built after 1958 have been required to have foul lines at least 325 feet (99 m) long and

3920-571: Is remembered for the iconic home run by the Los Angeles Dodgers' Kirk Gibson with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 1. The Dodgers were huge underdogs against the 104-win Oakland Athletics, who had swept the Boston Red Sox in the ALCS. Baseball's top relief pitcher, Dennis Eckersley , closed out all four games in the ALCS, and he appeared ready to do the same in Game 1 against

4060-642: Is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB). It has been contested since 1903 between the champion teams of the American League (AL) and the National League (NL). The winning team, determined through a best-of-seven playoff , is awarded the Commissioner's Trophy . The series is traditionally played in October, although before expansion of the regular-season schedule from 154 to 162 games

4200-590: The 1905 Series and beat the Philadelphia Athletics four games to one. Since then the Series has been held every year except 1994, when it was canceled due to a players' strike . The name of the event, initially known as the World's Championship Series, was gradually shortened in common usage to "World's Series" and, by the 1930s, to "World Series". The list of postseason rules evolved over time. From 1919 to 1921 ,

4340-482: The 1914 World Series and the 1915 season until Braves Field was completed; ironically, the Red Sox would then use Braves Field – which had a much higher seating capacity – for their own World Series games in 1915 and 1916 . Since 1990 (except in 2005 when, because of field work, it was held in a minor league ballpark, and 2020, as the tournament was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic ), Fenway Park has also hosted

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4480-452: The 1975 World Series against the Reds. Facing Reds right-hander Pat Darcy in the 12th inning with the score tied at 6, Fisk hit a long fly ball down the left field line. It appeared to be heading foul, but Fisk, after initially appearing unsure of whether or not to continue running to first base, famously jumped and waved his arms to the right as if to somehow direct the ball fair. It ricocheted off

4620-497: The American Planning Association . Smith directed the design of Baltimore's Oriole Park at Camden Yards which marked a new era of Major League Baseball parks. Camden Yards was the first of the " Retro Ballparks ," and was unique in that it honored many qualities of ballparks from the classic era ballparks like Fenway Park and Wrigley Field , but also incorporated modern elements and building techniques to improve

4760-579: The Back Bay Fens urban park. However, given that Taylor's family also owned the Fenway Realty Company, the promotional value of the naming at the time has been cited as well. Like many classic ballparks, Fenway Park was constructed on an asymmetrical block, with consequent asymmetry in its field dimensions. The park was designed by architect James E. McLaughlin , and the General Contractor

4900-715: The Chicago White Sox were alleged to have conspired to throw the 1919 World Series . The Sox had won the Series in 1917 and were heavy favorites to beat the Cincinnati Reds in 1919, but first baseman Chick Gandil had other plans. Gandil, in collaboration with gambler Joseph "Sport" Sullivan, approached his teammates and got six of them to agree to throw the Series: starting pitchers Eddie Cicotte and Lefty Williams , shortstop Swede Risberg , left fielder Shoeless Joe Jackson , center fielder Happy Felsch , and utility infielder Fred McMullin . Third baseman Buck Weaver knew of

5040-555: The Cincinnati Reds . The 1985 Kansas City Royals won the series four games to three over the St. Louis Cardinals. The key turning point of the series was a Kansas City win in Game Six aided by a controversial call by Don Denkinger at first base. Kansas City later won Game Seven 11–0 to take the series. The series is best remembered for its Game 6, which saw the Mets rally from a two-run deficit in

5180-620: The New York Yankees and the St. Louis Cardinals , did not win their first championship until the 1920s; and three of the teams that were highly successful prior to 1920 (the Boston Red Sox , Chicago White Sox and the Chicago Cubs ) went the rest of the 20th century without another World Series win. The Red Sox and White Sox finally won again in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The Cubs had to wait over

5320-631: The Oakland Athletics , and 1998 to 2000 by the Yankees. In an 18-year span from 1947 to 1964, except for 1948 and 1959, the World Series was played in New York City, featuring at least one of the three teams located in New York at the time. The Dodgers and Giants moved to California after the 1957 season, leaving the Yankees as the lone team in the city until the Mets were enfranchised in 1962. In 1947, 1949, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, and 1956, both teams in

5460-636: The Pittsburgh Pirates , in 1971 and 1979, who defeated the Baltimore Orioles both times. The less successful side during this era also featured repeats. The Orioles themselves made multiple World Series appearances, including three consecutive: 1969, losing to the "amazing" seven-year-old franchise New York Mets , 1970, beating the Reds in their first World Series appearance of the decade, and their 1971 and 1979 defeats by Pittsburgh. The Los Angeles Dodgers lost to Oakland in 1974, and made back-to-back World Series appearances in 1977 and 1978, both losses to

5600-410: The best-of-nine format first used in 1903 was employed. In 1925 , Brooklyn owner Charles Ebbets persuaded others to adopt as a permanent rule the 2–3–2 home game pattern first used in 1924 . Previously, the pattern had been to alternate by game or to make another arrangement convenient to both clubs. The 2–3–2 pattern has been used ever since save for the 1943 and 1945 World Series , which followed

5740-529: The fall or autumn season in North America, it is often referred to as the Fall Classic . Before the AL and NL were split into divisions in 1969, the team with the best regular-season win–loss record in each league won its pennant and advanced to the World Series, barring a tie necessitating a pennant playoff . Since then each league has conducted a League Championship Series ( ALCS and NLCS ) preceding

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5880-422: The pole on the right field foul line, which stands 302 feet (92 m) from home plate, the shortest outfield distance (left or right field) in Major League Baseball. Like the measurement of the left-field line at Fenway Park, this has been disputed. Aerial shots show it to be noticeably shorter than the (actual) 302 foot line in right field, and Pesky has been quoted as estimating it to be "around 295 feet". There

6020-414: The "600 Club", were added above the home plate grandstand replacing the existing press box. The press box was then added to the top of the 600 Club. The 1988 addition has been thought to have changed the air currents in the park to the detriment of hitters. In 2002, the organization renamed the club seats the ".406 Club" (in honor of Ted Williams ' batting average in 1941). Between the 2005 and 2006 seasons

6160-407: The "Greatest of All Time" in their "World Series 100th Anniversary" countdown, with five of its games being decided by a single run, four games decided in the final at-bat and three games going into extra innings. The series was also notable for both participants having finished last in their divisions the year prior; no last place team before had ever finished first, let alone reached the World Series,

6300-621: The "inferiority" of the upstart American League. John McGraw , the Giants' manager, even went so far as to say that his Giants were already "world champions" since they were the champions of the "only real major league". At the time of the announcement, their new cross-town rivals, the New York Highlanders (now the New York Yankees ), were leading the AL, and the prospect of facing the Highlanders did not please Giants management. Boston won on

6440-403: The 1891 season, the National League was again the only major league. The league championship was awarded in 1892 by a playoff between split season champions. This scheme was abandoned after one season. Beginning in 1893—and continuing until divisional play was introduced in 1969—the pennant was awarded to the first-place club in the standings at the end of the season. For four seasons, 1894–1897,

6580-528: The 1977 contest was future major league slugger Steve Balboni , who clobbered two home runs over the Green Monster that day. The CCBL returned to Fenway in 2009, 2010 and 2011 for its intraleague all-star game matching the league's East and West divisions. The 2009 game starred East division MVP and future Boston Red Sox Chris Sale of Florida Gulf Coast University . The CCBL also holds an annual workout day at Fenway where CCBL players are evaluated by major league scouts. World Series The World Series

6720-523: The AL team winning 68 times and the NL team 52. Before 1882, when the American Association was formed as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of

6860-860: The Baltimore Orioles, the Atlanta Braves , the Boston Red Sox and the Los Angeles Dodgers . In 2019, Smith was named one of the "30 Most Powerful Women In Sports" by Adweek . As of 2021, Smith is the Executive Vice President of Planning and Development with the Dodgers organization and has held since 2012. Smith completed her most recent project—working on Polar Park , the new Triple-A stadium in Worcester , Massachusetts which opened in May 2021. Prior to working in baseball, from 1981 to 1989, Smith led and managed several civic projects for

7000-489: The Bay Area and killed 63 people. Television viewers saw the video signal deteriorate and heard Michaels say "I'll tell you what, we're having an earth--" before the feed from Candlestick Park was lost. Fans filing into the stadium saw Candlestick sway visibly during the quake. Television coverage later resumed, using backup generators, with Michaels becoming a news reporter on the unfolding disaster. Approximately 30 minutes after

7140-564: The Curse of the Bambino superstition used to explain the Red Sox's championship drought after the 1918 World Series. The 1987 Minnesota Twins became the first team in the history of the World Series to win the championship by winning all 4 games they hosted when they defeated the St. Louis Cardinals. They repeated this 4 years later in 1991 when they defeated the Atlanta Braves. The 1988 World Series

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7280-474: The DH rule was used in all World Series games, regardless of home team. The 1984 Detroit Tigers gained distinction as just the third team in major league history (after the 1927 New York Yankees and 1955 Brooklyn Dodgers) to lead a season wire-to-wire, from opening day through their World Series victory. In the process, Tigers skipper Sparky Anderson became the first manager to win a World Series title in both leagues, having previously won in 1975 and 1976 with

7420-470: The Green Monster, which would have cleared the park had it missed. The park's official estimate placed the home run one foot short of Williams' record at 501 feet (152.7 m). An April 2019 home run by Rowdy Tellez of the Toronto Blue Jays was initially reported as 505 feet (154 m), but later found to be significantly shorter, approximately 433 feet (132 m). Pesky's Pole is the name for

7560-479: The Maryland Stadium Authority, she once again worked her signature style to enhance and renew the park's fan experience. Among the changes were the addition of a sculpture park containing the sculptures of each player whose number had been retired; a rooftop deck in center field with ticketed, standing room and space to socialize or people watch; wider, more comfortable seats in many sections, decreasing

7700-627: The President of the Irish Republic, Éamon de Valera , and was allegedly the largest crowd ever in the ballpark. The park's address was originally 24 Jersey Street . In 1977, the section of Jersey Street nearest the park was renamed Yawkey Way in honor of longtime Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey , and the park's address was 4 Yawkey Way until 2018, when the street's name was reverted to Jersey Street in light of current Red Sox ownership distancing itself from Yawkey due to his history of racism (the Red Sox were

7840-404: The Red Sox a new batting cage , trainer's room, weight room , an interview room, a kitchen, and family room. The expanded clubhouse roof enlarged the deck behind the first base grandstand providing more concessions options for fans on the 1st base deck. Twenty years after the opening of OPACY, Smith returned to the Orioles' organization in her former role to oversee renovations. Partnering with

7980-591: The Red Sox game against the Texas Rangers sold out, beginning a sellout streak that lasted until 2013. On September 8, 2008, when the Red Sox hosted the Tampa Bay Rays , Fenway Park broke the all-time Major League record for consecutive sellouts with 456, surpassing the record previously held by Jacobs Field in Cleveland . On June 17, 2009, the park celebrated its 500th consecutive Red Sox sellout. According to WBZ-TV,

8120-511: The Red Sox were still playing on Huntington Avenue Grounds , owner John I. Taylor purchased the land bordered by Brookline Avenue, Jersey Street , Van Ness Street and Lansdowne Street and developed it into a larger baseball stadium known as Fenway Park. Taylor claimed the name Fenway Park came from its location in the Fenway neighborhood of Boston, which was partially created late in the nineteenth century by filling in marshland or " fens ", to create

8260-573: The United States including Baltimore, Atlanta, Boston, and Los Angeles. She became one of the first women to hold an executive position with any Major League Baseball club when she was promoted to Vice President of Planning and Development with the Baltimore Orioles in 1989. Smith is best known for her work developing Oriole Park at Camden Yards , which set a new standard for ballparks "incorporating historic , old-fashioned ballpark architecture with state-of-the-art modern conveniences." Through her work, Smith has demonstrated how to seamlessly blend

8400-565: The World Series did not include a DH. Starting in 1976, the DH rule was used in the World Series held in even-numbered years. The Cincinnati Reds swept the 1976 Series in four games, using the same nine-man lineup in each contest. Dan Driessen was the Reds' DH during the series, thereby becoming the National League's first designated hitter. From 1986 to 2019, and in 2021, the DH was used only in World Series games played at American League parks, and pitchers were required to bat in games played at National League parks. In 2020, and starting in 2022,

8540-461: The World Series to determine which teams will advance, while those series have been preceded in turn by Division Series ( ALDS and NLDS ) since 1995, and Wild Card games or series in each league since 2012. Until 2002, home-field advantage in the World Series alternated from year to year between the AL and NL. From 2003 to 2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game . Starting in 2017, home-field advantage

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8680-463: The World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed. The 19th-century competitions are, however, not officially recognized as part of World Series history by Major League Baseball , as it considers 19th-century baseball to be a prologue to the modern baseball era. As late as approximately 1960, some sources treated the 19th-century Series on an equal basis with

8820-467: The World Series were from New York, with the Yankees playing against either the Dodgers or Giants. In 1958, the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants took their long-time rivalry to the west coast, moving to Los Angeles and San Francisco , respectively, bringing Major League Baseball west of St. Louis and Kansas City . The Dodgers were the first of the two clubs to contest a World Series on

8960-436: The Yankees, until ended by new Athletics' owner Charles O. Finley. During that span, the Yankees played in all World Series except 1954 and 1959 , winning nine of them. From 1949 to 1953, the Yankees won the World Series five years in a row; from 1936 to 1939 the Yankees won four World Series Championships in a row. There are only two other occasions when a team has won at least three consecutive World Series: 1972 to 1974 by

9100-536: The Yankees. Game 6 of the 1975 World Series is regarded by most as one of the greatest World Series games ever played. It found the Boston Red Sox winning in the 12th inning in Fenway Park , defeating the Cincinnati Reds to force a seventh and deciding game. The game is best remembered for its exciting lead changes, nail-biting turns of events, and a game-winning walk-off home run by Carlton Fisk , resulting in

9240-421: The ballpark was transformed in the traditional style of "Florida Picturesque" common to Sarasota . In 2012, Ed Smith Stadium was awarded the Institute of Classical Architecture & Art, Florida Chapter – Addison Mizner Medal. The 2017 improvements made at Campo Las Palmas maintained the original feel of the 1987 grounds. Working for Stan Kasten , President and CEO of Dodgers, Smith once again chose to renovate

9380-421: The base of the wall, so that Duffy's Cliff no longer existed. The base of the left field wall is several feet below the grade level of Lansdowne Street, accounting for the occasional rat that might spook the scoreboard operators. There has been debate as to the true left field distance, which was once posted as 315 feet (96 m). A reporter from The Boston Globe was able to sneak into Fenway Park and measure

9520-406: The best elements of the past with those of the future. Other notable projects completed by Smith are the transformation of Olympic Stadium in Atlanta to the Braves' Turner Field and the renovation of Fenway Park in Boston—which gave new life to the oldest ballpark in the major leagues and included innovations such as the Green Monster Seats as well as the use of Jersey Street as an inside

9660-517: The best win–loss record at the end of the regular season. A structured playoff series began in 1969 when both the National and American Leagues were reorganized into two divisions each, East and West. The two division winners within each league played each other in a best-of-five League Championship Series to determine who would advance to the World Series. In 1985, the format changed to best-of-seven. The National League Championship Series (NLCS) and American League Championship Series (ALCS), since

9800-414: The bottom of the 10th inning, despite having two outs and no one on base. The Red Sox, who held a 3–2 series lead, were twice one strike away from securing the championship, but failed to close out the inning as the Mets tie on a Bob Stanley wild pitch & win off an error by Boston first baseman Bill Buckner. Due to the Mets claiming the series in Game 7, the Game 6 collapse entered baseball lore as part of

9940-421: The center field flag pole (and thus under "The Triangle" of today). As a result, a left fielder had to play part of the territory running uphill (and back down). Boston's first star left fielder, Duffy Lewis , mastered the skill so well that the area became known as "Duffy's Cliff". The incline served two purposes: it was a support for a high wall and it was built to compensate for the difference in grades between

10080-436: The cities of Los Angeles and New York City, and from 1994 to 1988, she was President of Pershing Square Management Association in Los Angeles, in charge of the redevelopment of Pershing Square . From 1981 to 1984, Smith was Coordinator of Architecture and Design for Battery Park City in New York City, New York. Oriole Park at Camden Yards (OPACY) took the baseball world by storm when it opened in 1992. Larry Lucchino , who

10220-504: The concourse and install the largest women's room in Major League Baseball.  New club seating, luxury suites , and fine dining areas were all enhanced on the upper levels, and the press box was also enlarged. Behind the third base grandstand , Smith's plans opened up a deck, adding additional food options in the Jeano Building (which Tom Yawkey purchased and attached to the park). The home clubhouse's long-overdue renovation gave

10360-448: The count full, Gibson hit a home run to right, inspiring iconic pronouncements by two legendary broadcasters calling the game, Vin Scully (on TV) and Jack Buck (on radio). On NBC, after Gibson limped around the bases, Scully famously exclaimed, "The impossible has happened!" and on radio, Buck equally famously exclaimed, "I don't believe what I just saw!" Gibson's home run set the tone for

10500-407: The distance title. In the 2007 book The Year Babe Ruth Hit 104 Home Runs , researcher Bill Jenkinson found evidence that on May 25, 1926, Babe Ruth hit one in the pre-1934 bleacher configuration which landed five rows from the top in right field. This would have placed it at an estimated 545 feet (166 m) from home plate. On June 23, 2001, Manny Ramirez hit one that struck a light tower above

10640-408: The distance. When the paper's evidence was presented to the club in 1995, the distance was remeasured by the Red Sox and restated at 310 feet (94 m). The companion 96-meter (315 ft) sign remained unchanged until 1998, when it was corrected to 94.5 meters (310 ft). In 1983, private suites were added to the roof behind home plate. In 1988, 610 stadium club seats enclosed in glass and named

10780-478: The earthquake, Commissioner Fay Vincent ordered the game to be postponed. Fans, workers, and the teams evacuated a blacked-out (although still sunlit) Candlestick. Game 3 was finally played on October 27, and Oakland won that day and the next to complete a four-game sweep. The 1991 World Series saw the Minnesota Twins defeating the Atlanta Braves four games to three to win the championship. ESPN selected it as

10920-450: The event occasionally started in late September (most recently in 1955 ) and the entire 1918 series took place early in that month due to the World War I "Work or Fight" order forcing an early end to that year's regular season, while some more recent editions have been played into November due to in-season delays and expansion of earlier postseason rounds. Because the series is played in

11060-614: The existing .406 club was rebuilt as part of the continuing ballpark expansion efforts. The second deck now features two open-air levels: the bottom level is the new " Dell EMC Club" featuring 406 seats and concierge services and the upper level, the State Street Pavilion, has 374 seats and a dedicated standing room area. The added seats are wider than the previous seats. Outside Gate 5 is The Teammates statue, by Antonio Tobias Mendez, which depicts Red Sox players Bobby Doerr , Dom DiMaggio , Ted Williams , and Johnny Pesky . It

11200-480: The existing ballpark were to be preserved (mainly the original Green Monster and the third base side of the park) as part of the overall new layout. Most of the current stadium was to be demolished to make room for new development, with one section remaining to house a baseball museum and public park. The proposal was highly controversial; it projected that the park had less than 15 years of usable life, would require hundreds of millions of dollars of public investment, and

11340-463: The existing structure which included full gutting of the building, followed by the rebuilding of several structures and adding three new buildings. Changes to the complex include expanded housing capacity, upgraded the weight room, and enhancements to the dining and medical facilities. The firm of Jose Mella Architects was chosen for the Campo Las Palmas project. The Red Sox Triple A team built

11480-408: The expansion to best-of-seven, are always played in a 2–3–2 format: Games 1, 2, 6, and 7 are played in the stadium of the team that has home-field advantage, and Games 3, 4, and 5 are played in the stadium of the team that does not. Night games were played in the major leagues beginning with the Cincinnati Reds in 1935, but the World Series remained a strictly daytime event for years thereafter. In

11620-621: The facility from the Chicago White Sox. The Orioles' agreement for Ed Smith Stadium called for it to undergo the $ 31.2 million renovations that took place before the spring of 2011. Working for Orioles owner, Peter Angelos, Smith coordinated the metamorphosis of an old spring training ballpark, which could not provide the comforts that fans in Florida needed, like plenty of shade, large sweeping concourses, and air-conditioned dining. Working with David Schwartz Architects and Hoyt Architects,

11760-399: The field and Lansdowne Street on the other side of that wall. The wall also served as a spectator-friendly seating area during the dead ball era when overflow crowds, in front of the later Green Monster , would sit on the incline behind ropes. As part of the 1934 remodeling of the ballpark, the bleachers, and the wall itself, Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey arranged to flatten the ground along

11900-414: The fifth and final game of the 1949 World Series , a Series game was finished under the lights for the first time due to encroaching darkness in the ninth inning. The first scheduled night World Series game was Game 4 of the 1971 World Series at Three Rivers Stadium . Afterward, World Series games were frequently scheduled at night, when television audiences were larger. Game 6 of the 1987 World Series

12040-517: The final round of a Boston-area intercollegiate baseball tournament called the Baseball Beanpot, an equivalent to the more well-known hockey Beanpot tourney . The teams play the first rounds in minor league stadiums before moving on to Fenway for the final and a consolation game. Boston College , Harvard University , Northeastern University , and the University of Massachusetts Amherst compete in

12180-399: The first time in 1984, he took a taxi from Logan Airport and was sure the driver had misunderstood his directions when he announced their arrival at the park. Clemens recalled telling the driver "No, Fenway Park, it's a baseball stadium ... this is a warehouse." Only when the driver told Clemens to look up and he saw the light towers did he realize he was in the right place. Fenway Park

12320-403: The fix but declined to participate, hitting .324 for the series from 11 hits and committing no errors in the field. The Sox, who were promised $ 100,000 for cooperating, proceeded to lose the best-of-nine series in eight games, pitching poorly, hitting poorly and making many errors. Though he took the money, Jackson insisted to his death that he played to the best of his ability in the series (he

12460-401: The following year. The series-deciding seventh game was a scoreless tie (0–0) through the regular nine innings, and went into extra innings; Minnesota won by a score of 1–0 in the 10th inning, after their starting pitcher, Jack Morris , pitched a complete 10 inning shutout 7th game. (Morris was named Most Valuable Player for the Series.) With 69 innings in total, the 1991 World Series shares

12600-413: The foul pole, winning the game for the Red Sox and sending the series to a seventh and deciding game the next night, which Cincinnati won. Like Johnny Pesky's No. 6, Carlton had his No. 27 player number retired by the team. From 1912 to 1933, there was a 10-foot (3.0 m) high incline in front of the then 25-foot (7.6 m)-high left field wall at Fenway Park, extending from the left-field foul pole to

12740-441: The four-team tournament. Since at least 1997 Neil Diamond 's " Sweet Caroline " has been played at Fenway Park during Red Sox games, in the middle of the eighth inning since 2002. On opening night of the 2010 season at Fenway Park, the song was performed by Diamond himself in the middle of the eighth inning. Beginning in 2006, the Red Sox have hosted the " Futures at Fenway " event, where two of their minor-league affiliates play

12880-405: The game. The owners agreed. Immediately after and notwithstanding the acquittals, Landis banned all of the players involved (including Weaver) for life. The White Sox would not win a World Series again until 2005 . The events of the 1919 Series, segueing into the "live ball" era , marked a point in time of change of the fortunes of several teams. The two most prolific World Series winners to date,

13020-430: The head. A confounded Boucher was later quoted as saying: How far away must one sit to be safe in this park? I didn't even get the ball. They say it bounced a dozen rows higher, but after it hit my head, I was no longer interested. I couldn't see the ball. Nobody could. The sun was right in our eyes. All we could do was duck. I'm glad I did not stand up. There have been other home runs hit at Fenway that have contended for

13160-494: The hilltop of Chavez Ravine overlooking the city of Los Angeles. The project included restoration of the mid-twentieth century cosmetic details, as well as upgrades of new HD video screens and wider concourses.  As is true with much of Smith's work, the fan experience is of utmost importance and focuses on enhancing circulation, adding restrooms, wider concourses and spaces that give fans amenities commensurate with new sports venues while maintaining historic character and making

13300-418: The history of Major League Baseball. Camden Yards is the first park to feature Smith's hallmark retro style, combining elements from the great ballparks of the past with modern amenities. Camden Yards, like many other old and beloved ballparks, is a steel truss park. While it has a wide array of suites and club level seating, the ballpark also has quirky dimensions, a brick facade, decorative seat ends, and

13440-422: The landscape architects. Bridges give fans unobstructed views for the first time in history. This functions as a tailgating area before and after the game.  Importantly, Smith's plan created a new front door for Dodger Stadium providing dramatic views of Chavez Ravine. A bronze statue of Jackie Robinson , a former Brooklyn Dodger and the first African American to play Major League Baseball, will grace

13580-411: The last day of the season, and the leagues had previously agreed to hold a World's Championship Series in 1904, but it was not binding, and Brush stuck to his original decision. In addition to political reasons, Brush also cited a number of legitimate grievances, including the lack of rules under which revenue would be split, where games would be played, and how they would be operated and staffed. During

13720-460: The last team in Major League Baseball to integrate). The address is now 4 Jersey Street. Some of the changes include: On May 15, 1999, then-Red Sox CEO John Harrington announced plans for a new Fenway Park to be built near the existing structure. It was to have seated 44,130 and would have been a modernized replica of the current Fenway Park, with the same field dimensions except for a shorter right field and reduced foul territory. Some sections of

13860-598: The league champions played the runners-up in the postseason championship series called the Temple Cup . A second attempt at this format was the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup series, which was played only once, in 1900. In 1901, the American League was formed as a second major league. No championship series were played in 1901 or 1902 as the National and American Leagues fought each other for business supremacy (in 1902,

14000-448: The left end of the bleachers in center field, posted as 388 feet (118 m). The end of the bleachers form a right angle with the Green Monster and the flagpole stands within that little triangle. That is not the true power alley, but deep left-center. The true power alley distance is not posted. The foul line intersects with the Green Monster at nearly a right angle, so the power alley could be estimated at 336 feet (102 m), assuming

14140-531: The many renovations needed to bring Fenway Park in Boston, MA into the 21st century. New owners John Henry, Tom Weiner, and Larry Lucchino purchased the Red Sox and Fenway Park in December 2001. The previous owners planned to tear down the nearly 100-year-old ballpark and build a modern park in its place, but they could not secure public funds to execute the project. Working with the firm DAIQ Architects, Smith's challenge

14280-408: The original ballpark construction of 1912, the wall is made of wood, but was covered in tin and concrete in 1934, when the scoreboard was added. The wall was covered in hard plastic in 1976. The scoreboard is manually updated throughout the game. If a ball in play goes through a hole in the scoreboard while the scorers are replacing numbers, the batter is awarded a ground rule double . Similarly, if

14420-458: The overall capacity of the park; and the lowering of railings to enhance the sight-lines for fans. As well, new restaurants and a market were added on Eutaw Street. Since joining the LA Dodgers organization in 2012, Smith has overseen a total of $ 300 million of renovations and upgrades to Dodger Stadium . This third-oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball, Dodger Stadium opened in 1962 on

14560-557: The overall fan experience as well as the views. Smith's work in major league baseball stadium design and renovation has influenced ballpark design since 1992.  "Every ballpark built since Oriole Park’s opening owes some debt of its design to that park." Oriole Park became known as "the Baltimore ballpark that changed baseball." Janet Marie Smith's "fingerprints are all over baseball." Starting in 1989 and continuing to date (July 2021), Smith oversaw multiple MLB stadium projects for

14700-659: The park concourse. Janet Marie Smith was born in Jackson, Mississippi , and graduated from Callaway High School in 1975.  She earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree from Mississippi State University in 1981. In 1984, she obtained a master's degree in urban planning from the City College of New York . Smith is an associate member of the Urban Land Institute , the American Institute of Architects , and

14840-523: The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places . It is a landmark at the end of the Boston Irish heritage trail . Former pitcher Bill Lee has called Fenway Park "a shrine ". It is a pending Boston Landmark , which will regulate any further changes to the park. The ballpark is considered to be one of the most well-known sports venues in the world and a symbol of Boston. In 1911, while

14980-422: The pole after Pesky won a game for Parnell in 1948 with a home run down the short right field line, just around the pole. However, Pesky hit just one home run in a game pitched by Parnell, a two-run shot in the first inning of a game against Detroit played on June 11, 1950. The game was eventually won by the visiting Tigers in the 14th inning on a three-run shot by Tigers right fielder Vic Wertz and Parnell earned

15120-425: The post-19th-century series. After about 1930, however, many authorities list the start of the World Series in 1903 and discuss the earlier contests separately. (For example, the 1929 World Almanac and Book of Facts lists "Baseball World's Championships 1884–1928" in a single table, but the 1943 edition lists "Baseball World's Championships 1903–1942". ) Following the collapse of the American Association after

15260-437: The power alley is 22.5° away from the foul line as measured from home plate. "Williamsburg" was the name, invented by sportswriters, for the bullpen area built in front of the right-center field bleachers in 1940. It was built there primarily for the benefit of Ted Williams , to enable him and other left-handed batters to hit more home runs , since it was 23 feet (7.0 m) closer than the bleacher wall. The lone red seat in

15400-482: The press, and for players, adding features that came to fruition under Smith's watch. New concrete was poured and waterproofed throughout the ballpark. This was done in stages over the decade during the offseason, moving from section to section. In 2005, the entire field was replaced, and a new drainage system was installed. Elevators were also added so fans could access every floor on the park and additional stairs were built to make access and egress easier. During

15540-498: The record for longest seven-game World Series ever, in terms of innings, with the 1924 World Series which was won by the Washington Senators , who would then become the Minnesota Twins. Janet Marie Smith Janet Marie Smith (born December 13, 1957 ) is a Major League Baseball (MLB) executive, architect, and urban planner . Smith has built and managed renovations of several major and minor league baseball parks in

15680-494: The renovations, it was reported that Fenway Park remains usable until as late as 2062. Fenway's capacity differs between day and night games because, during day games, the seats in center field (Section 35) are covered with a black tarp in order to provide a batter's eye . Fenway's lowest attendance was recorded on October 1, 1964 , when a game against the Cleveland Indians drew only 306 paid spectators. On May 15, 2003,

15820-444: The right field bleachers (Section 42, Row 37, Seat 21) signifies the longest home run ever hit at Fenway. The home run, hit by Ted Williams on June 9, 1946, was officially measured at 502 feet (153 m), well beyond "Williamsburg". According to Hit Tracker Online, the ball, if unobstructed, would have flown 520 to 535 feet (158 to 163 m). The ball landed on Joseph A. Boucher, penetrating his large straw hat and hitting him in

15960-439: The same decade, Smith's plan added seats atop the Green Monster wall in left field, a right field roof deck and also included plans to annex Jersey Street on game days to increase spaces for fans before and during games. Smith was pivotal in the Red Sox obtaining permission from the city of Boston to take over an alley that abutted Fenway Park behind the right field grandstand, and she used this opportunity to extend and enlarge

16100-413: The season is shorter and the park itself needs to be interesting to attract local families, with some of the best ideas having come from fans. Polar Park opened in the spring of 2021. Polar Park was designed for year-round use with shops which remain open all year, a concourse that doubles as an exercise path. It also includes contactless payments with club plans to create virtual tickets that double as

16240-570: The season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, with the terms arranged through negotiation of the owners of the championship teams beforehand. The number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884 (Providence defeated New York three games to zero), to

16380-470: The series, as the Dodgers went on to beat the A's 4 games to 1. The severity of Gibson's injury prevented him from playing in any of the remaining games. When the 1989 World Series began, it was notable chiefly for being the first-ever World Series matchup between the two San Francisco Bay Area teams, the San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics . Oakland won the first two games at home, and

16520-412: The side of the new entrance. Though the new upgrades are extensive, the stadium's superlatives, including its 56,000 seat capacity and sweeping views of Los Angeles from behind the home plate, remain unchanged. The Orioles played their first spring at Ed Smith Stadium in 2010, after taking over the facility from the ballpark's previous tenant, the Cincinnati Reds . The Reds had previously taken over

16660-411: The space to be used for concessions, souvenir stores, as well as a portion of the space being dedicated for the Orioles' front offices. Smith also pushed architects HOK Sport and planners RTKL to continue Eutaw Street as a fan concourse through the ballpark which was considered a novel way of integrating the city within the ballpark. For Smith, it defined the area and inspired her to move forward with

16800-512: The streets without a permit. Despite a lot of attention in the news, Rutstein said the charges were not pursued and no further legal action was taken. In 2012, one of Rutstein's long time employees Sly Egidio quit Boston Baseball to start "The Yawkey Way Report" named after Yawkey Way . By that time, Boston Baseball was selling for $ 3 per program, $ 2 cheaper than the in-park programs selling for $ 5. The Yawkey Way Report cost $ 1 and Egidio stationed his hawkers close to Boston Baseball's hawkers, starting

16940-434: The support of the band of Royal Rooters . The 1904 Series , if it had been held, would have been between the AL's Boston Americans (Boston Red Sox) and the NL's New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants ). At that point there was no governing body for the World Series nor any requirement that a Series be played. Thus the Giants' owner John T. Brush refused to allow his team to participate in such an event, citing

17080-564: The team joined three NBA teams which achieved 500 consecutive home sellouts. The sellout streak ended on April 10, 2013 (with an attendance of 30,862) after the Red Sox sold out 794 regular season games and an additional 26 postseason games. The park is located along Lansdowne Street and Jersey Street in the Kenmore Square area of Boston. The area includes many buildings of similar height and architecture and thus it blends in with its surroundings. When pitcher Roger Clemens arrived in Boston for

17220-413: The top teams instead opted to compete in a football championship ). After two years of bitter competition and player raiding, the National and American Leagues made peace and, as part of the accord, several pairs of teams squared off for interleague exhibition games following the 1903 season. These series were arranged by the participating clubs, as the 1880s World's Series matches had been. One of them,

17360-606: The two teams crossed the bridge to San Francisco to play Game 3 on Tuesday, October 17. ABC 's broadcast of Game 3 began at 5 pm local time, approximately 30 minutes before the first pitch was scheduled. At 5:04, while broadcasters Al Michaels and Tim McCarver were narrating highlights and the teams were warming up, the Loma Prieta earthquake occurred (having a surface-wave magnitude of 7.1 with an epicenter ten miles (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz, California). The earthquake caused substantial property and economic damage in

17500-570: The west coast, defeating the Chicago White Sox in 1959 . The 1962 Giants made the first California World Series appearance of that franchise, losing to the Yankees. The Dodgers made three World Series appearances in the 1960s: a 1963 win over the Yankees , a 1965 win over the Minnesota Twins and a 1966 loss to the Baltimore Orioles . Prior to 1969, the National League and the American League each crowned its champion (the "pennant winner") based on

17640-562: The whole design of Oriole Park at Camden Yards. Smith, while working for Stan Kasten , led the project to convert Turner Field to an Olympic Stadium . The stadium was the centerpiece for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia . Later, Smith oversaw the transformation of Olympic Stadium to the Braves' Turner Field.  Much of the north end of the Olympic stadium was removed to convert it into

17780-448: The winter of 1904–1905, however, feeling the sting of press criticism, Brush had a change of heart and proposed what came to be known as the "Brush Rules", under which the series were played subsequently. One rule was that player shares would come from a portion of the gate receipts for the first four games only. This was to discourage teams from fixing early games in order to prolong the series and make more money. Receipts for later games

17920-455: Was President of the Baltimore Orioles at the time, had a vision for a single-use ballpark in the newly developing part of downtown Baltimore. This was when most cities still had large football and baseball stadiums constructed primarily with concrete. Smith followed news on the downtown Baltimore urban planning saga surrounding OPACY and wrote a letter to Lucchino, offering to help get the Orioles' new ballpark built.  Smith ultimately played

18060-401: Was a contact hitter who hit just 17 home runs in his career (6 at Fenway Park). It's not known how many of these six actually landed near the pole. The Red Sox give credit to pitcher (and later, Sox broadcaster) Mel Parnell for coining the name. The most notable for Pesky is a two-run homer in the eighth inning of the 1946 Opening Day game to win the game. According to Pesky, Mel Parnell named

18200-467: Was added on top of the wall. "The Triangle" is a region of center field where the walls form a triangle whose far corner is 420 feet (130 m) from home plate. That deep right-center point is conventionally given as the center field distance. The true center is unmarked, 390 feet (120 m) from home plate, to the left of "the Triangle" when viewed from home plate. There was once a smaller "Triangle" at

18340-399: Was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if it had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure). The World Series has been contested 120 times through the 2024 season, with

18480-564: Was later revealed to be part of a scheme by current ownership to increase the marketable value of the team as they were ready to sell. Several groups (such as "Save Fenway Park") formed in an attempt to block the move. A significant renovation of Fenway Park stretched over a 10-year period beginning around 2002 headed by Janet Marie Smith , then Vice President of Planning and Development for the Sox. The Boston Globe has described Smith as "the architect credited with saving Fenway Park." At completion of

18620-546: Was sold for $ 1, half the cost of the programs inside the park. To sell the program, Rutstein's employees would stand outside the park wearing bright red shirts and greet fans by holding a program up and shouting "Program, Scorecard, One Dollar!". By 1992, the Red Sox organization filed complaints with the city code enforcement arguing that the scorecard inside the magazine was not covered under the First Amendment protecting magazines and that Rutstein's employees were operating on

18760-503: Was split among the two clubs and the National Commission, the governing body for the sport, which was able to cover much of its annual operating expense from World Series revenue. Most importantly, the now-official and compulsory World Series matches were operated strictly by the National Commission itself, not by the participating clubs. With the new rules in place and the National Commission in control, McGraw's Giants made it to

18900-553: Was the Charles Logue Building Company . The first game was played April 20, 1912, with mayor John F. Fitzgerald throwing out the first pitch and Boston defeating the New York Highlanders , 7–6 in 11 innings. Newspaper coverage of the opening was overshadowed by continuing coverage of the Titanic sinking five days earlier. In June 1919, a rally supporting Irish Independence turned out nearly 50,000 supporters to see

19040-572: Was the best hitter in the series, including having hit the series' only home run, but had markedly worse numbers in the games the White Sox lost). During the Series, writer and humorist Ring Lardner had facetiously called the event the "World's Serious". The Series turned out to indeed have serious consequences for the sport. After rumors circulated for nearly a year, the players were suspended in September 1920. The " Black Sox " were eventually acquitted in

19180-677: Was the last World Series game played in the daytime, indoors at the Metrodome in Minnesota. The last World Series played outdoors during the day was the final game of the 1984 series in Detroit's Tiger Stadium . The start time of this game (Game 5) was 4:45 PM, making it the last outdoor World Series game to be started during daylight hours, but the game concluded after sunset and the final innings were technically played at night. The last World Series game to be played outdoors entirely during daylight hours

19320-473: Was the previous day's game, Game 4, which started at 1:45 PM. During this seven-year period, only three teams won the World Series: the Oakland Athletics from 1972 to 1974, Cincinnati Reds in 1975 and 1976, and New York Yankees in 1977 and 1978. This is the only time in World Series history in which three teams have won consecutive series in succession. This period was book-ended by World Championships for

19460-409: Was to make Fenway Park accessible and welcoming to fans—incorporating modern conveniences, a nostalgic sense and designed to enhance the overall experience of fans whom Smith says, " No longer sit in one place for the whole game and keep score in a program with a number 2 pencil. " Over ten years, renovations were made to address much-needed infrastructure upgrades, as well as enhanced spaces for fans,

19600-428: Was unveiled in 2010. There is also a solo statue of Williams, unveiled in 2004, depicting him placing his cap on the head of a young boy. In 1990, Mike Rutstein started handing out the first issue of Boston Baseball Magazine (originally called Baseball Underground ) outside of the park. He was frustrated with the quality of the program being sold inside the park, which also came out once every two months. The program

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