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21-509: Permira is a British global investment firm specialised in buyouts, growth funds, equity funds, and credit funds. Founded in 1985 as part of Schroders , it became independent in 1996. Operating as Permira since 2001, the company became one of the largest buyout specialists. As of 2024, Permira advises funds with total committed capital of €80 billion, which have invested in more than 300 companies worldwide. The company employs over 470 people in 15 offices across Europe, North America and Asia. In

42-696: A presence in Asia with its offices in Tokyo (2005–2022) and Hong Kong (2008). In 2004, CVC and Permira bought from Centrica the British motoring association the AA , and in July 2007 merged the AA with Saga under Acromas Holdings . In 2006, CVC and Permira were accused by Labour MP Gwyn Prosser in the House of Commons of "greed" and "blatant asset stripping " of the AA "to borrow £500m on

63-615: Is a software-as-a-service (SaaS) fintech company that provides automated investment accounting, performance, compliance, and risk reporting for insurance companies, asset managers, corporations, banks, governments, and other institutions. Clearwater is a publicly traded company headquartered in Boise, Idaho , with additional offices in London , England ; Edinburgh , Scotland ; New York City , United States and Noida , India . Clearwater reports on over $ 6 trillion in investment assets. Clearwater

84-526: Is a web-based investment accounting and reporting solution providing automated portfolio book-of-record accounting, daily investment policy compliance monitoring, performance tracking, risk analytics, and a variety of buy-side tools for insurers, investment managers, corporations, and other institutional investors. Clearwater Analytics reports has over $ 7.4 trillion of assets on their platforms. Clients include insurance companies, investment managers, corporate treasuries, governments, and other institutions across

105-556: Is the holding company for the group. Operations are managed from the headquarters in London ; it also has offices in major business and financial centres, including Frankfurt , for example. Permira is organised as a partnership and is owned by most of its senior management. The group operates under the supervision of the executive board, which comprises Kurt Björklund ( Managing Partner ), three other partners and four non-executive directors. Permira advises buyouts, growth funds, equity funds, and credit funds that operate independently of

126-693: Is the sale of companies to other companies or public offerings . Permira focuses on the technology, consumer, services, and healthcare sectors. High profile investments include Acuity Knowledge Partners, Clearwater Analytics , Engel & Völkers , McAfee , Neuraxpharm, Reorg, TeamViewer , Zendesk and Squarespace . Investment firm Investment companies are designed for long-term investment, not short-term trading . Investment companies do not include brokerage companies, insurance companies, or banks. In United States securities law , there are at least five types of investment companies: In general, each of these investment companies must register under

147-767: The Investment Company Act 1940 is private investment companies , which are simply private companies that make investments in stocks or bonds, but are limited to under 250 investors and are not regulated by the SEC. These funds are often composed of very wealthy investors. Investment companies that choose to register under the Investment Company Act of 1940, or any investment fund that is subject to similar regulation in another jurisdiction are considered regulated funds. This provides certain protections and oversight for investors. Regulated funds normally have restrictions on

168-663: The Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 . A fourth and lesser-known type of investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 is a Face-Amount Certificate Company . Investment companies should not be confused with investment platforms such as eToro , Robinhood , Fidelity and E-Trade, which are digital services or tools that enable investors to access and manage various financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), options, futures, cryptocurrencies, and real estate. A major type of company not covered under

189-886: The 1930s like the 1933 Securities Act restored investor confidence. A number of innovations then led to steady growth in investment company assets and accounts over the decades. The Investment Company Act of 1940 regulates the structure and operations of investment companies. It requires registration and disclosure for companies with over 100 investors. The act governs investment company capital, custody of assets, transactions with affiliates, and fund board duties. The Investment Advisers Act of 1940 regulates investment advisers to registered funds and other large advisers. It establishes registration, recordkeeping, reporting and other requirements for advisers. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulates trading, buying and selling of securities including investment company shares. It governs broker-dealers who sell fund shares. In 1938, it authorized

210-525: The 1980s, J. Henry Schroder Wagg, a multinational asset management company, developed a concept for private equity funds to finance management buyouts . It operated as Schroder Ventures, headquartered in the UK. Nicholas Ferguson was appointed Chairman . In many European countries like Germany and Spain, the Schroders fund was the very first private equity fund to be launched. In 1996, Schroder Ventures staff from

231-587: The Gardner Co. to help finance a new nine-story building in downtown Boise to double the company's current space to over 90,000 square feet. Construction of the Clearwater building was completed in September 2016. The Clearwater building is part of the larger City Center Plaza, which features an underground public transportation hub, an expanded convention center, Boise State University's computer science department, and

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252-737: The UK, Germany, France, and Italy formed an independent company called Schroder Ventures Europe. It was renamed Permira in 2001 to reflect its separation from J. Henry Schroder Wagg. The Permira brand had been introduced earlier with the launch of the Permira Europe I and Permira Europe II investment funds. During the 1990s and 2000s, Permira became the largest private equity firm in the UK and Europe. The firm invested in companies such as Cognis and Premiere . These acquisitions attracted widespread public attention. In 2002, Permira opened its first US office in New York City . The firm also established

273-806: The United States, regulated funds include not only open-end mutual funds and exchange-traded funds, but also unit investment trusts and closed-end funds. In Europe, regulated funds encompass UCITS (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) like ETFs and money market funds, as well as alternative investment funds known as AIFs. In many countries, regulated funds may also include institutional funds limited to non-retail investors, funds offering principal guarantees, and open-end real estate funds investing directly in property assets. The first investment trusts were established in Europe in

294-844: The advantages of diversification previously only available to the wealthy. The Scottish American Investment Trust , founded in 1873, was one of the first funds to invest in American securities and help finance the post- Civil War U.S. economy. This established a link between British fund models and U.S. markets. The first mutual fund, or open-end fund, was introduced in Boston in 1924 by the Massachusetts Investors Trust. This fund introduced innovations like continuous share offerings, share redemptions, and clear investment policies. The 1929 stock market crash and Great Depression temporarily hampered investment funds. But new securities regulations in

315-608: The basis of the AA's assets in order to pay themselves a dividend." The AA responded that they were "happy to have a reasoned conversation with Mr Prosser." In 2021, Permira successfully closed its second multi-billion growth opportunities fund at its $ 4bn hard cap. Most recently in 2023, the firm closed its eighth flagship buyout fund, Permira VIII, with total capital commitments of €16.7 billion. Permira owns businesses in several countries worldwide. Permira Holdings Limited, which has its registered office in St Peter Port , Guernsey,

336-443: The creation of self-regulatory organizations like FINRA to oversee broker-dealers. The Securities Act of 1933 requires public securities offerings, including of investment company shares, to be registered. It also mandates that investors receive a current prospectus describing the fund. This article about investment is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Clearwater Analytics Clearwater Analytics

357-467: The globe. Notable clients include Mutual of Omaha, Arch Capital Group, Wilton Re., J.P. Morgan Asset Management, Facebook, Cisco, and Oracle. The executive team at Clearwater Analytics is composed of Sandeep Sahai, CEO and board member; Cindy Blendu, Chief Transformation Officer; Jim Cox, CFO; Scott Erickson, President, Americas and New Markets; and Souvik Das, Chief Technology Officer. In December 2013, Clearwater Analytics announced its partnership with

378-485: The holding company. The funds are backed by institutional investors , including banks, insurance companies , pension funds , asset managers and high net worth individuals . Permira targets companies around the world with proven growth prospects, often in partnership with management. Permira seeks to enhance the value of businesses over the medium to long term, for example through spin-offs, mergers and acquisitions , and organic growth. A common exit strategy for Permira

399-576: The late 1700s by a Dutch trader who wanted to enable small investors to pool their funds and diversify. This is where the idea of investment companies originated, as stated by K. Geert Rouwenhorst . In the 1800s in England, "investment pooling" emerged with trusts that resembled modern investment funds in structure. For example, the Foreign and Colonial Government Trust formed in London in 1868 provided small investors

420-573: The types and amounts of investments the fund manager can make. Typically, regulated funds may only invest in listed securities and no more than 5% of the fund may be invested in a single security. The majority of investment companies are mutual funds, both in terms of number of funds and assets under management. The International Investment Funds Association defines regulated funds as open-end collective investment vehicles that are subject to substantive regulation. Open-end funds allow investors to purchase new shares or redeem existing shares on demand. In

441-594: Was founded in 2004 by David Boren, Michael Boren, and Douglas Bates. Prior to founding Clearwater, David, Michael, and Douglas founded Clearwater Advisors, an institutional fixed-income investment advisor, where they developed the concept for Clearwater. In 2019, Clearwater Analytics was named Technology Firm of the Year at the Insurance Asset Management Awards and Best Software Solution at the UK & European Captive Review Awards. The Clearwater solution

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