58-539: Peringome is a town in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala . It is 60 km north-east of Kannur town . As of 2001 India census , Peringome had a population of 13261 with 6388 males and 6873 females. This article related to a location in Kannur district , Kerala , India is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kannur district Kannur ( pronounced [kɐɳ.ɳuːr] )
116-557: A copper slab within the Madayi Mosque in Kannur records its foundation year as 1124 CE. In his book on travels ( Il Milione ), Marco Polo recounts his visit to the area in the mid 1290s. Other visitors included Faxian , the Buddhist pilgrim and Ibn Batuta , writer and historian of Tangiers . Until the 16th century CE, the Kasargod town was known by the name Kanhirakode (may be by
174-404: A hill reaching a height of 286 metres (938 ft), is located near Payyanur , in Kannur district of Kerala , South India . It is a part of a conspicuous and isolated cluster of hills, forming a promontory , 38 km (24 mi) north of Kannur (Cannanore). The Indian Naval Academy at Ezhimala is Asia's largest, and the world's third-largest, naval academy. As the former capital of
232-443: A mixed lineage of Malayali Nairs and Tuluva Brahmins . They also claimed their origin from Cheraman Perumals of Kerala. Francis Buchanan-Hamilton states that the customs of Kumbla dynasty were similar to those of the contemporary Malayali kings, though Kumbla was considered as the southernmost region of Tulu Nadu . Just like other contemporary kings of Kerala in the medieval period, The powerful Kolathu Raja also came under
290-539: A mixture of Vatteluttu and Grantha scripts which dates back to tenth century CE. It is a rare surviving document recording patronage by a Hindu king (Bhaskara Ravi) to the Muslims of Kerala. The Arabic inscription on a copper slab within the Madayi Mosque in records its foundation year as 1124 CE. The 16th century Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen also states about Madayi. Madayi is located just 5 km (3.1 mi) away from Ezhimala. Extant Tamil Sangam texts describe
348-474: A mixture of cashew, raisins and sugar), pazham nirachathu (ripe banana filled with coconut grating, molasses or sugar), muttamala made of eggs , chatti pathiri , a dessert made of flour, like a baked, layered chapati with rich filling, arikkadukka , and more. Kuttiattoor mango is popular and traditional cultivar of Kuttiattoor and neighbouring panchayats of Kannur district. Kuttiattoor mango received Geographical Indication (GI) tag from
406-416: A port somewhere north of Muziris is identified with Kannur . The kingdom of Ezhimala had jurisdiction over two Nadu s - The coastal Poozhinadu and the hilly eastern Karkanadu . According to the works of Sangam literature , Poozhinadu consisted much of the coastal belt between Mangalore and Kozhikode . Karkanadu consisted of Wayanad - Gudalur hilly region with parts of Kodagu (Coorg). It
464-659: Is also known as Elimala, Mooshika Sailam and Sapta Sailam. The hill was known as Ras Haili or Hili to Arab sailors. The hill had been named Monte d'Eli by the Portuguese. and was known as Mount Delly, Mount Dilly, Delyn, or Mount Eli to the British. Hobson-Jobson suggests the original name "Elimala" comes from the Malayalam term "Eli Mala" (meaning "High Mountain"), and rejects alternative etymologies from "Elu Mala" (meaning "Seven Hills"), or "Elam" (meaning cardamom ). It contends
522-583: Is from the Kottayam Town (in Kannur District) and Kannur Town regions of old Ezhimalainad that innumerable Roman (gold) coins have been excavated. On one (single) occasion (gold) coins that could be carried by six porters were obtained. These coins were found to belong to the period down to 491 AD". Ezhimala was also a flourishing seaport and center of trade at least by the start of the Common Era ; and later
580-632: Is home to some forts which include St. Angelo Fort , and Tellicherry Fort . Thalassery town in the district is known for the Thalassery pepper . Kannur is the sixth-most urbanised district in Kerala , with more than 50% of its residents living in urban areas. Kannur has an urban population of 1,640,986, which is the second largest in Kerala after Ernakulam district . It was part of the Malabar District under
638-564: Is mentioned as the ancient capital of King Udayan Venmon Nannan (known as Nannan or Nandan ) of the Mushika or Kolathiri Royal Family. Though the Dynasty of Nannan s was a cousin or sister dynasty of the Cheras and Pandyas and Cholas, warfare among them was nearly consistent, and the period of Nannan was no exception. There are texts that speak of Nannan fighting heroic battles at Pazhi against
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#1732894709661696-407: Is one of the 14 districts along the west coast in the state of Kerala , India. The city of Kannur is the district headquarters and gives the district its name. The old name, Cannanore, is the anglicized form of the Malayalam name "Kannur". Kannur district is bounded by Kasaragod District to the north, Kozhikode district to the south, Mahé district to the southwest and Wayanad District to
754-520: Is planned to be built at Chanthappura in Kalliasseri of Kannur district in 2019. The Kannur cuisine depicts it culture and heritage. It is famous for Thalassery biriyani . The city of is also famous for Haluva called as Sweet Meat by Europeans due to the texture of the sweet. Another speciality is banana chips , which are made crisp and wafer-thin. Other popular dishes include seafood preparations (prawns, mussels, mackerel) . Vegetarian fare includes
812-530: Is said that Nannan, the most renowned ruler of Ezhimala dynasty, took refuge at Wayanad hills in fifth century CE when he was lost to Cheras , just before his execution in a battle, according to the Sangam works . Ezhimala kingdom was succeeded by Mushika dynasty in the early medieval period, most possibly due to the migration of Tuluva Brahmins from Tulu Nadu . An Old Malayalam inscription ( Ramanthali inscriptions ), dated to 1075 CE, mentions king Kunda Alupa,
870-438: Is said that Nannan, the most renowned ruler of Ezhimala dynasty, took refuge at Wayanad hills in the 5th century CE when he was lost to Cheras , just before his execution in a battle, according to the Sangam works . Ezhimala kingdom was succeeded by Mushika dynasty in the early medieval period, most possibly due to the migration of Tuluva Brahmins from Tulu Nadu . The Mushika-vamsha Mahakavya , written by Athula in
928-423: Is the hallmark of the cuisine— black pepper , cardamom and clove are used profusely. The Kerala version of biryani , popularly known as kuzhi mandi in Malayalam is another popular item, which has an influence from Yemen . Various varieties of biriyanis like Thalassery biriyani , and Kannur biriyani , are prepared here. The snacks include unnakkaya (deep-fried, boiled ripe banana paste covering
986-600: Is the largest in Asia, on 8 January 2009. This institution trains officer candidates of the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard. The national highway passes through Perumba junction. Mangalore , Goa and Mumbai can be accessed on the northern side and Cochin and Thiruvananthapuram can be accessed on the southern side. The road to the east of Iritty connects to Mysore and Bangalore . The nearest railway station
1044-676: Is the majority religion of Kannur district with 59.83% of the population. Muslims and Christians form a significant minority with 29.43% and 10.41% of the population respectively. Most of the Christians in Kannur district are descendants of Christians who migrated to Malabar in the 20th century. Kerala Folklore Academy , an autonomous centre for cultural affairs constituted by the Government of Kerala situated in Chirakkal, Kannur to promote and project
1102-444: Is the sixth-largest urban local body in the state and Kannur Cantonment is the only Cantonment Board in Kerala. Indian Naval Academy at Ezhimala is the Asia's largest, and the world's third-largest, naval academy. Muzhappilangad beach is the longest Drive-In Beach in Asia and is featured among the top 6 best beaches for driving in the world in BBC article for Autos. Kannur district
1160-637: The Masjids at Kodungallur, Kollam , Madayi , Barkur , Mangalore , Kasaragod , Kannur , Dharmadam , Panthalayani , and Chaliyam , were built during the era of Malik Dinar , and they are among the oldest Masjid s in the Indian subcontinent . It is believed that Malik Dinar died at Thalangara in Kasaragod town. Most of them lie in the region that made up the erstwhile Ezhimala kingdom. The Koyilandy Jumu'ah Mosque contains an Old Malayalam inscription written in
1218-460: The 2018 Statistics Report , Kannur district has a population of 2,615,266, The district has a population density of 882 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,280/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 4.84%. The 2011 Census of India gives the district a ranking of 170th in India (out of a total of 640 ). Kannur has a sex ratio of 1133 females for every 1000 males,
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#17328947096611276-474: The Age of Discovery , thus opening a direct sea route from Europe to India. The St. Angelo Fort at Kannur was built in 1505 by Dom Francisco de Almeida , the first Portuguese Viceroy of India. The Dutch captured the fort from the Portuguese in 1663. They modernized the fort and built the bastions Hollandia, Zeelandia, and Frieslandia that are the major features of the present structure. The original Portuguese fort
1334-506: The Chera Kings who invaded his kingdom ( Kolathunadu ). Eventually, Nannan was killed in battle by the Chera king, Narmudi Cheral . Like the other kings of the then Tamilakam cultural polity, Narmudi Cheral was a great patron of scholars and poets, and he once gifted his court-poet, Kappiyattu Kappiyanar with 40 lakhs gold coins, as a token of his poetic genius. The entire South India coast
1392-593: The Laccadive Islands in addition to the city of Kannur. Arakkal Kingdom and Chirakkal kingdom were two vassal kingdoms based in the city of Kannur. The island of Dharmadom near Kannur , along with Thalassery , was ceded to the East India Company as early as 1734, which were claimed by all of the Kolattu Rajas , Kottayam Rajas , Mannanar and Arakkal Bibi in the late medieval period, where
1450-637: The Madras province during the British Raj . Following the formation of the state of Kerala in 1956, the erstwhile Malabar District was divided into three: Kannur District, Kozhikode district , and Palakkad district . On 1 November 1980, the North Wayanad Taluk of Kannur district was separated to form Wayanad district . Again in 1984, Kasaragod and Hosdurg Taluks were separated to form Kasargod district . The earliest evidence of human habitation in
1508-453: The Zamorin of Calicut , in the early medieval period. Kannur was an important trading center in the 12th century with active business connections with Persia and Arabia . The port at Kozhikode held the superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur , Kollam , and Kochi , were commercially important secondary ports, where the traders from various parts of
1566-430: The sadya . Kannur cuisine is a blend of traditional Kerala , Persian , Yemenese and Arab food culture. This confluence of culinary cultures is best seen in the preparation of most dishes. Kallummakkaya ( mussels ) curry , irachi puttu ( irachi meaning meat), parottas (soft flatbread), Pathiri (a type of rice pancake) and ghee rice are some of the other specialties. The characteristic use of spices
1624-544: The traditional art forms of Kerala . The academy awards prizes and to notable artistes and experts in the field of folklore. The fellowships comprise ₹ 15000 each and citation. The folklore awards and book award carries ₹ 7500 and citation. The Gurupooja and Yuvaprathibha award winners will get ₹ 5000 each and citation. Theyyam is a popular ritual form of dance worship inKannur-Kasaragod region of Kerala. Theyyam consisted of several thousand-year-old traditions, rituals, and customs. The performers of Theyyam belong to
1682-609: The 11th century, throws light on the recorded past of the Mushika Royal Family up until that point. The Indian anthropologist Ayinapalli Aiyappan states that a powerful and warlike clan of the Bunt community of Tulu Nadu was called Kola Bari and the Kolathiri Raja of Kolathunadu was a descendant of this clan. The Kolathunadu ( Kannur ) Kingdom at the peak of its power, reportedly extended from Netravati River ( Mangalore ) in
1740-545: The British initiated a factory and English settlement following the cession . In 1761, the British captured Mahé , and the settlement was handed over to the ruler of Kadathanadu . The British restored Mahé to the French as a part of the 1763 Treaty of Paris. In 1779, the Anglo-French war broke out, resulting in the French loss of Mahé . In 1783, the British agreed to restore to the French their settlements in India, and Mahé
1798-612: The Erythraean Sea as a port somewhere north of Muziris is somewhere near Ezhimala. Pliny the Elder (1st century CE) states that the port of Tyndis was located at the northwestern border of Keprobotos ( Chera dynasty ). The part of the Malabar Coast which lies north of the port at Tyndis was ruled by the kingdom of Ezhimala during Sangam period . According to the Periplus of
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1856-514: The Erythraean Sea , a region known as Limyrike began at Naura and Tyndis . However the Ptolemy mentions only Tyndis as the Limyrike' s starting point. The region probably ended at Kanyakumari ; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day Malabar Coast. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 sesterces . Pliny the Elder mentioned that Limyrike
1914-467: The GI registry at Chennai. The distinctiveness of Kuttiattoor mango is aided by the combination of specific environmental conditions of the area of its cultivation and varietal characters. Even though it is popularly known as Kuttiattoor mango, it is also known as ‘Nambiar mānga’, ‘Kannapuram mānga’, ‘Kunjimangalam mānga’ and ‘Vadakkumbhagam mānga’ in small pockets of Kannur district. Ezhimala Ezhimala ,
1972-586: The Kannur District Panchayat. For the sake of urban administration, Kannur Municipal Corporation and 9 municipal towns are there. For the representation of Kannur in Kerala Legislative Assembly , there are 11 assembly constituencies. These are included in three parliamentary constituencies, i.e., Kasaragod , Kannur , and Vatakara . The district is further divided into 132 villages which together form 5 subdistricts. According to
2030-667: The Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850) of the British Indian Empire , along with the municipalities of Kozhikode , Palakkad , and Fort Kochi , making them the first modern municipalities in the modern state of Kerala. Kannur district consists of two revenue subdivisions - Taliparamba and Thalassery. For sake of rural administration, 71 Gram Panchayats are combined in 11 Blocks, which together form
2088-564: The ancient Kolathunadu Kingdom of the Mushikas , Ezhimala is considered to be an important historical site. A flourishing seaport and center of trade around the beginning of the Common Era , it was also one of the major battlefields of the Chola - Chera Wars, in the 11th century. It is believed by some that Buddha had visited Ezhimala. The Kolathunadu ( Kannur ) Kingdom at the peak of its power, reportedly extended from Netravati River ( Mangalore ) in
2146-470: The district are rock-cut caves and megalithic burial sites of the Neolithic age. The Taliparamba - Kannur - Thalassery area abounds in rock-cut caves, dolmens , burial stone circles and menhirs , all of megalith . Kannur was the seat of powerful kingdom based at Ezhimala in the Sangam period (1st–5th century CE). The ancient port of Naura , which is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as
2204-538: The glory and wealth of the ancient Pazhi in the highest terms. Sangam Era poets, as well as Classical Tamil poets of later centuries, like Paranar, speak of the wealth of Pazhi in the greatest degree. One of the Sangam pieces, Akam 173 speaks of " Nannan' s great mountain slopes where goldfields abound, and long bamboos dried in the Sun burst and released the unfinished pearls." Noted scholar, Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai states that "It
2262-444: The highest among any district in India, and a literacy rate of 95.10%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 3.30% and 1.64% of the population respectively. Malayalam is the predominant language, spoken by 98.88% of the population. Small minorities speak Tamil , Hindi and Kannada , mainly in urban areas. The District has a population of 2,412,365 (2001 census). This was the most urbanised district in Kerala in 2001, but
2320-480: The influence of Zamorin later. The Kolathunadu in the late medieval period emerged into independent 10 principalities i.e., Kadathanadu ( Vadakara ), Randathara or Poyanad ( Dharmadom ), Kottayam ( Thalassery ), Nileshwaram , Iruvazhinadu ( Panoor , Kurumbranad etc., under separate royal chieftains due to the outcome of internal dissensions. The Nileshwaram dynasty on the northernmost part of Kolathiri dominion, were relatives to both Kolathunadu as well as
2378-635: The lower caste community in ancient caste structure formed by Namboothiri Brahmins in Kerala, and have an important position in Theyyam. It is performed mainly by males, except the Devakoothu theyyam. The Devakoothu is the only Theyyam ritual performed by women. It is performed only on the Thekkumbad Kulom temple. There are 456 types of Theyyam, including Vettakkorumakan , Vishnumoorthy Theyyam , Muchilot Bhagavathi and Sree Muthappan . A Theyyam museum
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2436-515: The meaning, 'The land of Kanhira Trees') in Malayalam . The Kumbla dynasty, who swayed over the land of southern Tulu Nadu wedged between Chandragiri River and Netravati River (including present-day Taluks of Manjeshwar and Kasaragod ) from Maipady Palace at Kumbla , had also been vassals to the Kolathunadu , before the Carnatic conquests of Vijayanagara Empire . The Kumbla dynasty had
2494-527: The north to Korapuzha ( Kozhikode ) in the south with Arabian Sea on the west and Kodagu hills on the eastern boundary, also including the isolated islands of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea . An Old Malayalam inscription ( Ramanthali inscriptions ), dated to 1075 CE, mentioning king Kunda Alupa, the ruler of Alupa dynasty of Mangalore , can be found at Ezhimala (the former headquarters of Mushika dynasty ) near Kannur . The Arabic inscription on
2552-589: The north to Korapuzha ( Kozhikode ) in the south with Arabian Sea on the west and Kodagu hills on the eastern boundary, also including the isolated islands of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea . Historically, the Ezhimala hills were a prominent and important maritime landmark. Ships crossing the Indian Ocean from Arabia and East Africa with the monsoon winds usually first sighted the south Indian coast around Ezhimala, and oriented themselves from there. The hills
2610-424: The peak of its power, reportedly extended from Netravati River ( Mangalore ) in the north to Korapuzha ( Kozhikode ) in the south with Arabian Sea on the west and Kodagu hills on the eastern boundary, also including the isolated islands of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea . Ezhimala, which is part of Ramanthali panchayath , is one of the most important places in the recorded history of Kerala. From before
2668-511: The period of known history, some chapters of the Ramayana and local Hindu legends associate the Ezhimala Hills with the epic, in particular with Hanuman . Ezhimala, Pazhayangadi, and several villages and towns in this region find plenty of mention in the extant Tamil Sangam Period 's literature (500 BC to 300 AD). Pazhayangadi is the present corrupted form of its ancient name of Pazhi. Pazhi
2726-487: The ruler of Alupa dynasty of Mangalore , can be found at Ezhimala. The Indian anthropologist Ayinapalli Aiyappan states that a powerful and warlike clan of the Bunt community of Tulu Nadu was called Kola Bari and the Kolathiri Raja of Kolathunadu may have been related to this clan. The Arabic inscription on a copper slab within the Madayi Mosque , which lies about 3 km away from Ezhimala, records its foundation year as 1124 CE. The Kolathunadu ( Kannur ) Kingdom at
2784-649: The southeast. To the east, the district is bounded by the Western Ghats , which forms the border with the state of Karnataka ( Kodagu district ). The Arabian Sea lies to the west. Paithalmala is the highest point in Kannur District (1,372m). Enclosed within the southern part of the district is the Mahé district of the Union Territory of Puducherry . The district was established in 1957. Kannur Municipal Corporation
2842-408: The term "Sapta Sailam" ("Seven Hills"), found in a local Sanskrit text was just a misinterpretation of "Eli" as "Elu" by the writer. As the pronunciation of the consonant "l" in modern Malayalam is often better rendered as "zh", thus "Elimala" and "Ezhimala" are just alternative English transliterations of the same Malayalam word. The ancient port of Naura , which is mentioned in the Periplus of
2900-506: The world would gather. Kannur served as the British military headquarters on India's west coast until 1887. In conjunction with her sister city, Tellicherry , it was the third-largest city on the western coast of British India in the 18th century after Bombay and Karachi . The Arakkal kingdom had right over the city of Kannur and Laccadive Islands in the late medieval period. The Portuguese arrived at Kappad Kozhikode in 1498 during
2958-559: Was Pazhi (ancient Pazhayangadi ). Athulan describes the later kings of this dynasty who are now better known as the Kolathiri Dynasty . King Ramaghata Mooshika's successors shifted their capital to Ezhimala, Valabhapattanam ( Valapattanam ), and eventually Chirakkal , among other nearby places, over the following centuries. The former Prime Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh, inaugurated the Indian Naval Academy in Ezhimala, which
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#17328947096613016-539: Was a hub of Indian Ocean trade during the era. According to Kerala Muslim tradition, Kolathunadu was home to several oldest mosques in the Indian subcontinent . According to the Legend of Cheraman Perumals , the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at Kodungallur with the mandate of the Cheraman Perumal) of Chera dynasty , during the lifetime of Muhammad (c. 570–632). According to Qissat Shakarwati Farmad ,
3074-490: Was also one of the major battlefields of the series of Chola - Chera Wars in the 11th century; some believe that Buddha had visited Ezhimala. The Mushika-vamsha Mahakavya , written by Athula in the 11th century, throws light on the recorded past of the Mushika Royal Family up until that point. The first recorded king of Mooshika Vamsham (the Mooshika Dynasty ) was Ramaghata Mooshika and his capital most probably
3132-412: Was handed over to the French in 1785. During the British Raj , Kannur was part of the Madras province in the Malabar District . Initially the British had to suffer local resistance against their rule under the leadership of Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja , who had popular support in Thalassery - Wayanad region. The municipalities of Kannur and Thalassery were formed on 1 November 1866 according to
3190-467: Was prone by pirates. The Cosmas Indicopleustes mentioned that the Limyrike was a source of peppers. Ezhimala kingdom based at Ezhimala had jurisdiction over two Nadu s - The coastal Poozhinadu and the hilly eastern Karkanadu . According to the works of Sangam literature , Poozhinadu consisted much of the coastal belt between Mangalore and Kozhikode . Karkanadu consisted of Wayanad - Gudalur hilly region with parts of Kodagu (Coorg). It
3248-555: Was pulled down later. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry behind it can be seen in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam . The Dutch sold the fort to the king Ali Raja of Arakkal in 1772. The British conquered it in 1790 and used it as one of their major military stations on the Malabar Coast . During the 17th century, Kannur was the capital city of the only Muslim polity in the Far-South of India – Arakkal – who also ruled
3306-401: Was pushed to 4th place after Ernakulam , Thrissur and Kozhikode in 2011. About 50.35% of the population reside in the urban agglomerations. The total urban population of Kannur district is 1,640,986. This is the second largest urban population in Kerala after Ernakulam and is more than the population of a metro city. The high urban population is due to the 45 towns in the district which
3364-885: Was the highest in Kerala as per 2001 census. 2011 census has Thrissur with 135 towns with Kannur having 67. Kannur district has one Municipal Corporation Kannur , and other major municipalities including Thalassery , Payyanur , Taliparamba , Kuthuparamba and Mattannur . In addition to this there are 60 including Ancharakandy , Azhikode North , Azhikode South , Chala , Chelora , Cherukunnu , Cheruthazham , Chirakkal , Chockli , Dharmadom , Elayavoor , Eranholi , Iriveri , Kadachira , Kadirur , Kalliasseri , Kanhirode , Kannadiparamba , Kannapuram , Kottayam-Malabar , Mayyil , Mavilayi , Munderi , Muzhappilangad , Narath , New Mahe , Paduvilayi , Pallikkunnu , Panniyannur , Panoor , Pappinisseri , Pathiriyad , Pattiom , Iritty , Peralasseri , Peringathur , Pinarayi , Puzhathi , Thottada , Valapattanam , Varam . Hinduism
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