Pepperrell Air Force Base , previously known as Fort Pepperrell , is a decommissioned United States military base located in St. John's , Newfoundland , Canada which operated from 1941 to 1961.
96-575: The base was named in honour of Sir William Pepperrell (1696–1759) of Kittery, Maine , commander of a force of 4,200 soldiers and sailors aboard 90 ships, who captured the French seaport at Louisbourg after a 46-day siege on June 16, 1745. In October 1940, the governments of the United States and United Kingdom signed a contract known as the Destroyers for Bases Agreement , whereby the United States (still
192-457: A 15-month deployment in 2006–2007. It deployed to Iraq again in 2009 and Afghanistan in 2011. From 1966 to 1970, the 2nd Battalion was part of the 199th Light Infantry Brigade and 23d Infantry Division in Vietnam. The 2nd Battalion has the following units: From 1966 to 1974, the 4th Battalion was part of the 11th and 198th Infantry Brigades and 23d Infantry Division in Vietnam. The 4th Battalion
288-616: A 36,000-square-foot (3,300 m) machine shop and administrative offices at the airfield to support Pepperrell AFB. Following the Korean War, the late 1950s saw the importance of Pepperrell AFB decline as the US military consolidated its Newfoundland facilities in light of changing threats and technology employed by the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact . The food services and air installations were
384-491: A 99-year lease system was set up) for construction of air and naval bases on sites in Newfoundland, Bermuda , Bahamas , Jamaica , Antigua , St. Lucia , Trinidad and Guinea . The Leased Bases Agreement provided wide powers to the United States military in taking necessary steps to defend the areas around its leased bases, including additional powers in time of war or emergency. One of the locations under consideration for
480-525: A French force under Montcalm , both regiments surrendered after the local commander was killed. Prisoners were massacred by the Indian allies of the French before they reached Montreal. Both regiments were subsequently removed from the army list. Between March and August 1757, he was acting governor of Massachusetts. In February 1759, he was appointed Lieutenant-General (the first American to reach that rank), but he
576-611: A buff strap. On the shoulder of the Army Service Uniform, a blue tab with "HONOR GUARD" embroidered on it in white letters is worn. Nameplates are not worn for uniformity, and instead of ribbons, medals are worn instead. Pinned to the top right chest pocket is a badge unique to the Old Guard, bearing the shape of the Tomb and surrounded by laurels. The 1st Battalion is composed of the following units: Stationed at Fort Lewis, Washington ,
672-585: A close the activities of the Newfoundland Base Command. The Korean War and dawning of the Cold War highlighted the importance of the US military bases in Newfoundland, ensuring their survival in the short term. By the end of June 1956, 23 separate installations were under the jurisdiction of Pepperrell AFB. Most of the facilities were located on the Avalon Peninsula with the only exception being
768-620: A historical pageant presented at three national venues in September. The Old Guard is the only unit in the U.S. Armed Forces authorized, by a 1922 decree of the War Department , to march with fixed bayonets in all parades. This was granted in honor of the 1847 bayonet charge by the regiment during the Battle of Cerro Gordo in the war with Mexico . The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is protected round
864-605: A mansion in 1682 which still stands near Pepperrell Cove near Kittery Point. The death of his elder brother forced William Pepperrell junior to assume responsibility for much of the family business in 1713. He expanded their enterprise to become one of the most prosperous mercantile houses in New England with ships carrying lumber, fish and other products to the West Indies and Europe. Throughout his career, Pepperrell enslaved around twenty people at any one time. Pepperrell served in
960-483: A master menu for command wide use. Under the old system 240 man hours monthly were required. This was reduced to 80 man hours. One of the smaller savings was the publication of the base phone book every four months instead of every three months. Civilian employees were processed by the Civilian Personnel Office. In hiring civilian personnel, including U.S. nationals, it was required that the applicant furnish
1056-460: A military base was St. John's, the capital city, which was approved by Newfoundland Governor Sir Humphrey T. Walwyn . Several steps had been taken by the British and Newfoundland governments pre-dating the official signing of the agreement, which identified the preferred site for a military installation along the north side of Quidi Vidi Lake , in the northeast part of St. John's. Field work began on
SECTION 10
#17328846681331152-604: A neutral country) would provide 50 ex- United States Navy destroyers in exchange for the right to lease territory in British territories in Newfoundland and the Caribbean. Of particular importance was Newfoundland, which the United States sought to arm as a buffer area similar to Alaska territory . A board of experts on naval and air bases arrived in St. John's by March 1940 to investigate areas necessary for developments being considered by
1248-530: A permanent dial telephone system between the bases. Between May 1, 1942, and December 15, 1942, the Argentia-Holyrood Road was constructed and 500 miles (800 km) of telephone communication extended across Newfoundland. One such difficult link in the cross country communication line was the 110-mile (180 km) stretch from Stephenville to Port aux Basques . The 2,000-foot (610 m) Long Range Mountains were crossed and wires were stretched over
1344-503: A six-week siege. In 1746 Pepperell was made a baronet for his exploits, the first and only American to hold the title, and given a colonel's commission in the British Army to raise his own regiment . Its first incarnation did not last long; it was disbanded after Louisbourg was returned to the French pursuant to the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) . On a visit to London in 1749, he
1440-420: A war alert. Extensive exercises and maneuvers took place in Newfoundland during the summer and fall of 1942. Beginning with the 21st Signal Service Company , the US military began to link up Edmund B. Alexander with the temporary shore establishments. The communications link to Naval Station Argentia from St. John's was later installed and then across the entire island to Stephenville Air Base, thus providing
1536-715: A wide range of scenarios and for deployments in support of overseas contingency operations. On order, it conducts defense in support of civil authorities in the National Capital Region and deploys elements in support of overseas contingency operations. The 1st and 4th Battalions perform a variety of ceremonial and honorary duties. Memorial affairs missions include standard and full honors funerals in Arlington National Cemetery and dignified transfers at Dover Air Force Base . Old Guard soldiers also perform all dignified transfers of fallen soldiers returning to
1632-669: Is a regiment of the United States Army . It currently has three active battalions , and is readily identified by its nickname, The Old Guard , as well as Escort to the President . The regimental motto is Noli Me Tangere (from Latin : – "Touch Me Not"). The regiment is a major unit of the Military District of Washington (MDW). The 3rd Infantry is the oldest regiment still active in the Regular Army , having been first organized as
1728-531: Is generally composed of the tallest soldiers assigned to the unit. The regiment's Presidential Escort Platoon, Honor Guard Company, is based at Fort Myer. The platoon serves at presidential funerals, inaugurations, Pentagon retirements, state dinners and state visits at the White House , and during presidential speeches in the Rose Garden , among other duties. When on duty, members of the 3rd Infantry Regiment wear
1824-412: Is received, the letters were filed in the official personnel folder of the employee concerned. Prior to employment and every year after, each applicant underwent a complete physical examination. Clearance was then completed and an identification card was issued. Each pilot of the 6604th ABW was required to put in 100 hours of flying on an annual basis, divided equally between the first and second half of
1920-559: The 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment quartered aboard USAT Edmund B. Alexander began moving into their new temporary camp. The reasons behind the apparently slow pace of construction for the base was likely related to the fact that the United States did not enter the war until late 1941. Canada and Newfoundland, by contrast, were at war, along with most of the rest of the British Commonwealth . A separate series of Canada-Newfoundland defense agreements saw Canada's military activity in
2016-629: The Battle of San Juan Hill . After returning from Cuba, the 3rd Infantry was stationed at Fort Snelling in Minnesota. On 5 October 1898, a force of about 80 men—including soldiers of the 3rd Infantry, U.S. Marshals and Indian Police—fought in the Battle of Sugar Point against 17 members of the local Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians near the Leech Lake Reservation . The United States forces lost 6 soldiers and one Indian Police officer killed and another 14 wounded. There were no casualties among
SECTION 20
#17328846681332112-614: The First American Regiment in 1784. It has been the official ceremonial unit of the U.S. Army since 1948. The regiment's mission is to conduct memorial affairs to honor fallen comrades and ceremonies and special events to represent the U.S. Army, communicating its story to United States citizens and the world. Although The Old Guard primarily functions in a ceremonial role, it is an infantry unit and thus required to meet standards for certification in its combat role. The unit also trains for its support role to civil authorities in
2208-620: The French fortress of Louisbourg on Île-Royale (present-day Cape Breton Island ). He gathered volunteers, financed and trained the land forces in that campaign. When they sailed in April 1745, he was commander-in-chief, supported by a Royal Navy ] naval squadron under Captain Peter Warren , appointed Commodore on a temporary basis. They besieged Louisbourg, then the strongest coastal fortification in North America, and captured it on 16 June after
2304-677: The Harbor Defenses of Argentia and St. John's was established in January 1941 to coordinate US coast defence activities in Newfoundland, under the Newfoundland Base Command . On 12 February 1942 Battery D, 52nd CA was redesignated as Battery D, 24th Coast Artillery (Harbor Defense) (Composite) Regiment, which was assuming control of US coast defense assets in Newfoundland. By 1942 the battery of two 155 mm guns of Battery A, 53rd Coast Artillery (Tractor Drawn) Regiment (redesignated from
2400-444: The Newfoundland Base Command. Fort Pepperrell was designed to accommodate 3,500 personnel with indoor storage for 310 vehicles, 146,315 square feet (13,593 m) of covered warehouse space, and outdoor storage of approximately twenty acres for vehicles, lumber, equipment, and supplies. The base also had its own radio station VOUS which carried US radio network shows and Armed Forces Radio Service broadcasts. On February 27, 1942,
2496-707: The Newfoundland Railway . On October 10, 1944, Brigadier General Samuel Connell arrived at Fort Pepperrell and assumed command of the Newfoundland Base Command, and in November 1944, the first man to be called on temporary active duty status left the Newfoundland Base Command for the Zone of Interior. On February 8, Headquarters Company, St. John's Area, was formed and the Headquarters Detachment discontinued. On December 23, 1945, Colonel Albert Warren assumed command of
2592-612: The US Army Drill Team , which demonstrates its skill and precision around the nation, and Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps , which plays traditional arrangements of marching music, dating back to the time of the Continental Army . The Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps marches in Colonial style red coated uniforms—to be "better seen through the smoke of battle"; the uniforms also include cocked hats and white powdered wigs. The drum major of
2688-550: The riderless horses used in full honors funerals and supports wounded warriors participating in the Therapeutic Riding Program. Other elements of The Old Guard include the Commander-in-Chief's Guard (Company A), replicating the personal guard of General George Washington; wearing Colonial blue uniforms, powdered wigs, and cocked hats; and bearing Brown Bess muskets and halberds at ceremonies and special events;
2784-419: The 2nd Battalion, 3d US Infantry Regiment, serves as one of three infantry battalions of the 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team of the 7th Infantry Division . After a 31-year hiatus from service, the 2nd Battalion was reactivated on 15 March 2001 as part of the U.S. Army's first Stryker brigade (inactive) combat team. It served as part of the first deployment of a Stryker brigade combat team in 2003. It then served
2880-603: The 2nd and 3rd Battalions, were located at Madison Barracks , New York. The 1st Battalion was located at Fort Ontario , New York. In 1916, the 3rd Infantry, then commanded by Colonel Julius Penn , was sent to the Texas-Mexico Border during the Pancho Villa Expedition and guarded against a possible invasion. One of the regiment's officers at this time was 2nd Lieutenant James Van Fleet , who graduated West Point in 1915 and would rise to four-star general during
2976-465: The 3rd Infantry Regiment assisted with the mission of containing the German Garrison at St. Nazaire. The 3d Infantry Regiment (less the 2nd Battalion) was re-activated on 6 April 1948 at Fort Myer , Virginia. The 2nd Battalion was concurrently re-activated at Fort Lesley J. McNair , Washington, D.C. This was when the unit assumed the role it is best known for today as the official ceremonial unit of
Pepperrell Air Force Base - Misplaced Pages Continue
3072-730: The 3rd Infantry served in Kansas, Colorado and the Indian Territory (later the state of Oklahoma ) from 1866 to 1874. It then served in Louisiana and Mississippi from 1874 to 1877, and Montana, Minnesota and South Dakota from 1877 to 1898. During the Spanish–American War , the regiment served in Cuba from 14 June – 25 August 1898, where it participated in the Santiago Campaign and fought at
3168-493: The 3rd Infantry was relocated to Camp Sherman in Ohio on 14 October 1920. The regiment marched 941 miles from Camp Sherman to Fort Snelling, Minnesota, arriving on 17 November 1921. Upon arrival the 2nd and 3rd Battalions were inactivated on 18 November 1921, and the 1st Battalion assumed garrison duties. The regiment was re-organized as a combat regiment when the 2nd and 3rd Battalions were re-activated on 8 June 1922. On 24 March 1923,
3264-634: The 57th CA on 20 July 1941 and on 16 February 1942 made part of the 24th CA) had three prepared positions featuring Panama mounts at Signal Hill , Middle Cove, and Manuels. The 8-inch battery was initially at Signal Hill, but relocated to Red Cliff circa 1943. Also in the area was a Canadian-manned battery of two Lend-Lease 10-inch M1888 guns at Fort Cape Spear ; the gun barrels remained there as of 2017. Other Canadian-manned guns included at least two QF 4.7-inch B Mark IV* guns at Fort Amherst ; these were former field guns converted to fixed mountings. A Royal Canadian Navy-manned indicator loop station
3360-438: The 947th Military Working Dog Detachment, the 529th Regimental Support Company, two battalion headquarters companies, and the regimental headquarters company. Escort Platoon is a term referring to a platoon of soldiers in the U.S. Army's 3rd Infantry Regiment whose primary ceremonial mission is to march in ceremonies or military funerals. Generally, line infantry companies delegate the escort role to their 1st platoon. This platoon
3456-706: The Air Transport Command and maintain liaison with U.S. Navy and allied nations and local commands. In 1947, the USAAF became the United States Air Force . In accordance with the change, Fort Pepperrell, a USAAF installation, changed its name to Pepperrell Air Force Base (Pepperrell AFB). In the summer of 1950, with the activation of the Northeast Air Command (NEAC), all units of the 1225th Air Base Group were reassigned to that command, bringing to
3552-626: The Chippewa. Hospital Steward (later Major) Oscar Burkard received the Medal of Honor for rescuing casualties during the battle. The Battle of Sugar Point was the last battle fought between the United States Army and Native Americans. The 3rd Infantry sailed from New York on 3 February 1899 aboard the US Army Transport Sherman . It reached Manila, The Philippines on 22 March 1899 via
3648-705: The Continental Color Guard, which presents the nation's colors at special events across the Capitol Region; the Presidential Salute Battery , which renders honors to senior dignitaries at arrival and wreath ceremonies, reviews, and full honors funerals; and the US Army Caisson Platoon, which provides horses and riders to pull the caisson (the wagon that bears a casket) in military and state funerals . The Caisson Platoon also provides
3744-477: The Fife and Drum Corps traditionally bears an espontoon (a historic pike-like weapon) in his right hand to direct and command his unit. As such, he is the only soldier in all the U.S. Armed Forces authorized to bear a spontoon and to salute with the left hand (although U.S. Navy personnel are allowed to salute with the left hand under certain conditions). Rounding out The Old Guard are the 289th Military Police Company,
3840-626: The Gulf Coast of Texas when the war began in April 1861. Three companies of the 3rd Infantry surrendered on 25 April. Five of the regiment's 10 companies were engaged at the Battle of Bull Run on 20 July 1861. The regiment spent most of the war assigned to the Army of the Potomac and served mostly in Virginia. From May 1862 to March 1864, it served with 1st Brigade, 2nd Division of the 5th Corps . In March 1864, it
3936-589: The Korean War. During World War I , the headquarters of the 3rd Infantry, along with the 3rd Battalion, was posted at Camp Eagle Pass in Texas. The 1st Battalion was located at Del Rio, Texas and the 2nd Battalion was at Fort Sam Houston . Throughout the war the regiment was assigned to patrolling the Mexican Border and did not see action. During World War I, recent West Point graduate Captain Matthew Ridgway
Pepperrell Air Force Base - Misplaced Pages Continue
4032-737: The Long Lines Repeater Stations, part of the Pinetree Line network. Pepperrell AFB's three primary facilities were the base on Quidi Vidi Lake, the USAF docks at St. John's Harbour, and its shared use of the former RCAF Station Torbay (renamed St. John's Airport following World War II) where terminal facilities were leased to the USAF. From 1946 to 1956, USAF costs at RCAF Station Torbay/St. John's Airport totalled $ 2 million for rent, maintenance and construction. The USAF constructed two 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m) aircraft hangars as well as
4128-515: The Massachusetts colony. Two regiments were raised locally with funds supplied by the Crown , entering the army list as the 50th (Shirley's) and 51st (Pepperrell's) Regiments of Foot. Both regiments took part in the disastrous campaigns of 1755/56. Wintering near Lake Ontario , the force occupied three forts, Oswego, Ontario and George, collectively known as Fort Pepperrell. Surrounded and besieged by
4224-468: The Massachusetts militia, becoming a captain in 1717, then major, lieutenant-colonel, and in 1726 colonel. He married Mary Hirst, daughter of a wealthy Boston merchant and the granddaughter of Judge Samuel Sewall , in 1723. Together, they had four children, two of which died in infancy. Pepperrell served in the Massachusetts General Court , the provincial legislature, from 1726 to 1727, and
4320-638: The Suez Canal. The regiment fought in the Philippine–American War until 15 April 1902. It then returned to the United States where it was stationed in Kentucky, Ohio and Illinois. It was then sent to Alaska where it served from 1 July 1904, to 6 August 1906, when it was sent to Washington state until it was sent back to the Philippines about 1909. As of August 1914 the regiment's headquarters, along with
4416-576: The USAAF and USN, along with the Royal Air Force . Peacetime left the future of the Newfoundland Base Command and Fort Pepperrell unclear, since the deactivation of units and redeployment of forces had been going on at a rapid pace. But word finally came from the Adjutant General setting forth the post-war mission for Newfoundland. This was to provide local security for and maintain U.S. Army installations and areas and to facilitate operations of
4512-438: The USAAF. During April and May 1941, the Newfoundland base contractor's personnel began arriving on the island, and construction was taken over by their organization. On April 15 a lease was signed with Carpasian Park Limited, for 15 acres (61,000 m) of land upon which to build Camp Alexander , a temporary tent camp named in honor of the ship USS Edmund B. Alexander , to be located on Carpasian Road. On May 20, troops from
4608-410: The United States Army. The regiment's reactivation was shortly before the state funeral of General of the Armies John J. Pershing held on 19 July 1948 in which soldiers of the 3d Infantry played a prominent role. This was the beginning of the 3d Infantry's current mission of performing ceremonial duties in the Washington, D.C. area. The Old Guard gained national attention for the support it provided to
4704-413: The United States declared war on Japan in December 1941, the regiment was stationed at Fort Snelling. The 2nd Battalion was inactivated 1 September 1942 at Fort Snelling. The regiment arrived in Boston on 17 September 1943 and moved to Camp Butner, North Carolina, on 22 September 1943 where it was attached to the XII Corps . The 2nd Battalion was re-activated on 22 October 1943 at Camp Butner. The regiment
4800-420: The United States. The Old Guard's ceremonial task list includes full honor arrivals for visiting dignitaries, wreath laying ceremonies at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier , and full honor reviews in support of senior army leaders and retiring soldiers. Special events include the Twilight Tattoo, a weekly performance in the adjacent Washington area on Wednesday evenings from May to July, and the Spirit of America,
4896-508: The baronetcy was revived in his favour. His wife, Elizabeth Royall, died at the age of 26 on October 9 1775, during the voyage to England and was buried in The Old Burying Ground in Halifax NS as they fled the American Revolution as Loyalists He spent the latter part of his life in London, where he helped to found the British and Foreign Bible Society . He died at home at Portman Square in 1816. 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) The 3rd United States Infantry Regiment
SECTION 50
#17328846681334992-475: The base averaged $ 2,000,000 monthly, the two highest costs being military pay (over $ 1,000,000 monthly) and civilian pay ($ 500,000 monthly). Operating costs at the Wing averaged over $ 1,000,000 a month with a high of $ 1,505,173 recorded in December 1955. Figured in the Wing costs were military pay ($ 350,000 monthly), civilian pay ($ 420,000), monthly supplies ($ 210,000 monthly), contractual services ($ 20,000 monthly) and other ($ 50,000 monthly). A cost savings program
5088-402: The base handled requests for 18,560 taxi trips. The 138th Engineer Aviation Group, SCARWAF (Special Category Army With Air Force) was inactivated on May 31, 1956, along with its 15 officers and 70 enlisted men. The 622nd Engineer Aviation Maintenance Company was subsequently inactivated along with its 4 officers and 95 enlisted men. The Engineer Aviation Battalion remained at Pepperrell AFB and
5184-426: The base under construction adjacent to Quidi Vidi Lake; therefore, it was decided that Newfoundland Base Command would be established in the capital to coordinate all US military operations in Newfoundland, as well as in the Danish territory of Greenland . The new installation was to be named Fort Pepperrell , following the tradition of naming United States Army facilities, even though it was primarily to see use by
5280-411: The clock by the 4th Battalion's Tomb Guard Platoon, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. In addition to the marching platoons, there are also elements of The Old Guard that serve special roles unique both to the regiment as well as the U.S. Army. Among these include the sentinels of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, maintaining a twenty-four-hour watch over one of the nation's most sacred sites;
5376-458: The command of Major General Anthony Wayne , the 1st Sub-Legion was engaged at the decisive victory of the Legion over the Miamis at the Battle of Fallen Timbers . In 1795 the Legion was reorganized along more traditional lines and reverted to being called the United States Army. In the reorganization the 1st Sub-Legion was redesignated as the 1st Infantry Regiment. As of 1805, six of the regiment's ten companies were in St. Louis, Missouri , with
5472-482: The country restricted to war-time conditions, and by 1940–1941, both Canada and Newfoundland were increasingly desperate to defend the territory. War-time shortages meant that the Canadian military did not build permanent military bases but did create temporary facilities to house air force and naval units at Botwood , Gander , Bell Island and St. John's. The Canadian military buildings were often erected quickly and cheaply with materials available locally. By contrast,
5568-407: The existing designations of the Army's oldest units, it was decided instead to consolidate units based on their geographic proximity rather than seniority. On May 17, 1815, the 1st Infantry was consolidated with five other regiments to form the 3rd Infantry. This is why the 3rd Infantry is the oldest Infantry unit in the active United States Army rather than the 1st Infantry. As of 30 November 1819,
5664-406: The fiscal year. Typical hours would include twenty hours of weather flying, fifteen hours of night flying (50% as co-pilot) and up to ten missions as instructor pilot. The total number of hours put in by the Wing was 16,800 for the 168 pilots. In 1955, cross-island flights to the North American mainland were begun as a means of testing the pilots proficiency and making full use of the airplanes. This
5760-404: The headquarters for the Newfoundland Base Command had moved from temporary quarters at 44 Rennie's Mill Road on the estate of the country's former prime minister, Sir Richard Squires . At this time, Fort Pepperrell's capacity was increased to 5,500 personnel. Roads on the base followed a unique survey design in the form of a stylized cowboy hat . The streets have undergone some minor changes over
5856-411: The mission of containing the isolated German garrison at St. Nazaire . The regiment moved with the 106th Division into Germany on 26 April 1945 — twelve days before the surrender of Germany — and processed prisoners of war. The regiment was then assigned to duty in the occupation of Germany and was located at Babenhausen . The 3d Infantry was inactivated on 20 November 1946 in Berlin. The 3d Infantry
SECTION 60
#17328846681335952-792: The more deliberate pace set by the still-neutral US military saw their construction in Newfoundland planned for a much more substantial investment, intended to last the length of the 99-year lease. Lt. Col. J.J. Yates assumed command of Fort Pepperrell on November 28, 1941, and was replaced on December 2 by Colonel Paul N. Starling. Troops of the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps manned two coast defence batteries and some anti-aircraft batteries at Fort Pepperrell. In January 1941 part of Battery A, 57th Coast Artillery (Tractor Drawn) (TD) Regiment with two mobile 155 mm guns probably arrived on USAT Edmund B. Alexander . On 1 May 1941 part of Battery D, 52nd Coast Artillery (Railway) Regiment arrived with two 8-inch M1888 railway guns . A command known as
6048-415: The name, he adopted his grandson William Pepperrell Sparhawk, son of Colonel Nathaniel Sparhawk, on the condition that the boy agree to change his surname to Pepperrell, which he did by act of legislature. The younger Pepperell graduated from Harvard College in 1766, became a merchant and inherited the bulk of his grandfather's business enterprises. He was chosen a member of the Governor's Council. In 1774
6144-424: The names and addresses of all previous employers and five references, names and locations of all schools attended, a birth certificate and a certificate of conduct from the St. John's Constabulary. All names were checked against a civilian unsuitability list. Letters were written to all schools attended by the prospective employee, to all former employers and to persons listed as references. If derogatory information
6240-416: The other four companies at Fort Towson in Oklahoma. From 1840 to 1843, the 3rd Infantry fought in the Seminole War in Florida. During the Mexican War, the regiment fought in most of the major battles of the war including Palo Alto , Monterey , the invasion and Siege of Vera Cruz , Cerro Gordo, Churubusco and Chapultepec which led to the capture and occupation of Mexico City . From 1856 to 1860,
6336-486: The other four located at Fort Massac , Fort Dearborn , Fort Adams, Mississippi and Fort Wayne in Detroit. During the War of 1812 the 1st Infantry served in Upper Canada and saw action at the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane . These actions give the regiment campaign credit for the War of 1812 . After the end of the War of 1812 in early 1815, the Army had a total of 44 Infantry regiments which were consolidated into only eight regiments. Rather than preserving
6432-432: The recently set-up Canadian/United States Defence Board, and with the agreements signed and most of the negotiations completed, the first movement of U.S. troops to Newfoundland was planned. Colonel L.W. Rook was judge advocate of the US Army "lend-lease" force commanded by Gen. Charles H. Bonesteel. On March 27, 1941, a 99-year lease was acquired from the United Kingdom (the UK did not want to sell or give land away so
6528-405: The regiment served in New Mexico where it fought the Navajo Indian tribe . After serving in New Mexico, the regiment was spread out to various posts on the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Texas. The 3rd Infantry saw extensive service during the United States Civil War and was credited with 12 campaigns. Detachments from the regiment were serving at Fort Pickens in Florida and in Saluria on
6624-400: The regiment was assigned to the 7th Division . On 15 August 1927 the regiment was reassigned to the 6th Division . On 1 October 1933, the regiment reverted to being assigned to the 7th Division. On 22 April 1939 the regiment conducted a review for Crown Prince Frederik and Princess Ingrid of Denmark . During World War II, the 3rd Infantry served most of the war as a separate regiment and
6720-431: The regiment was located on the northwestern frontier at Fort Howard in Green Bay, Wisconsin . As of 9 November 1822, the regiment had 6 companies in Green Bay, two in Sarnac and two in Chicago . The annual report of the Army from 1826 showed that the regiment had been re-located to Jefferson Barracks , Missouri. As of November 1837, the regiment's headquarters and six companies were at Fort Jesup in Louisiana with
6816-451: The responsibility of the 64th Air Division, which transferred responsibility to a smaller unit, the 6604th Operations Squadron on May 1, 1956. The responsibility for commercial transportation rested with the base's Maintenance and Supply Commander while military transportation was the responsibility of the 6604th Operations Squadron. In a 6-month period in 1956, 862,500 miles (1,388,100 km) were driven, using 93,900 gallons of gasoline, and
6912-410: The same year, work was completed at Fort Pepperrell. St. John's Harbour, one of two ice-free ports on the island during the winter months, was engaged in unloading supplies necessary to maintain the Newfoundland garrisons. During the war years, all supplies shipped to other US military installations in Newfoundland were processed through Fort Pepperrell before being forwarded on the narrow gauge trains of
7008-511: The site on October 15, 1940. On January 15, 1941, the Newfoundland Base Command was activated on board the United States Army troop transport ship USAT Edmund B. Alexander , the largest ship ever to dock in St. John's Harbour. On March 27, 1941, the United States officially signed the Lend-Lease agreement which gave possession of the site for the installation; construction work began in earnest soon afterward. The military base in St. John's
7104-554: The standard dark blue Army Service Uniform and the infantry shoulder cord . Prior to its introduction in 2008, it was known as the Dress Blue Uniform and worn only by units that required their wear, such as the 3rd Infantry. The 'blues' date back to the early 1950s, and were rarely worn by regular units, being an optional uniform along with the Dress Whites. Worn on the left shoulder is a black distinctive trimming, also known as
7200-718: The state funeral of President John F. Kennedy in November 1963. Aside from the Kennedy funeral, the Old Guard has also supported state funerals for the Unknown Soldiers of World War II, Korea and Vietnam as well as presidents Herbert Hoover , Dwight D. Eisenhower , Lyndon B. Johnson , Ronald Reagan and Gerald R. Ford . Other persons who have received state funerals the Old Guard has supported included General John J. Pershing, General Douglas MacArthur , Vice President Hubert Humphrey and Medal of Honor recipient Senator Daniel Inouye . Aside from supporting military and state funerals,
7296-498: The temporary absence of the Commander, Colonel Graeme S. Bond. In 1956, maintenance and operational projects at Pepperrell AFB totalled $ 21,307,681. The total personnel assignment numbered 5,400 (2,702 in the Wing). By the end of the year, the civilian complement decreased from 1,738 to 1,685; officers increased from 129 to 132 while airmen decreased from 814 to 777. The operational cost of
7392-486: The top. Siberian huskies were used to tow sleds with heavy equipment up the dangerous slopes of the mountains. The task was completed with a telephone network far surpassing anything Newfoundland had ever had. On December 12, 1942, a number of servicemen were killed in the Knights of Columbus Hostel fire . On January 7, 1943, Brigadier General John B. Brooks assumed command of the Newfoundland Base Command and on March 15 of
7488-475: The years, however the pattern is still noticeable by following Roosevelt Avenue, Churchill Avenue and Charter Avenue - these street names being in honour of the Atlantic Charter . The primary tenant unit at the base was the 6604th Air Base Wing , which maintained and operated Fort Pepperrell. The Royal Canadian Air Force established RCAF Station Torbay on December 15, 1941, and shared this facility with
7584-608: Was an American merchant and soldier in colonial Massachusetts . He is widely remembered for organizing, financing, and leading the 1745 expedition that captured the French fortress of Louisbourg during King George's War . He owned a number of enslaved people and was considered one of the richest people in America. William Pepperrell was born in Kittery, Maine , then a part of the Province of Massachusetts Bay , and lived there all his life. He
7680-468: Was assigned to the 3rd Infantry. Ridgway would go on to have a highly distinguished 38-year career including assignments as commander of the 82nd Airborne Division , XVIII Airborne Corps , 8th United States Army , United Nations Command Korea , Supreme Allied Commander Europe and Chief of Staff of the United States Army . Following the establishment of the United States Border Patrol ,
7776-743: Was at St. John's; this detected submarines via their magnetic signature. Fort Pepperrell expanded significantly after the United States entered the war with the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. During late 1941 and early 1942, multiple units left the temporary tent city to fill the new military base until capacity was reached on February 27, 1942, when the final unit, the headquarters of Newfoundland Base Command, moved from temporary facilities at 44 Rennie's Mill Road. The base held approximately 5,500 personnel and it, along with other US military facilities in Newfoundland such as Naval Station Argentia , Fort McAndrew , and Stephenville Air Base were placed on
7872-658: Was credited with the American Theater streamer for its defense of Newfoundland. It was also credited with the European Theater Northern France Campaign streamer, even though the Northern France Campaign technically ended on 14 September 1944. However theater commanders were authorized to award Campaign Participation Credit to select campaigns even after the technical end of that campaign, the Northern France Campaign being one of those, since
7968-508: Was followed by devastating losses at St. Clair's Defeat in 1791. In 1792 the United States Army was reorganized into the Legion of the United States , with the 1st Infantry forming the nucleus of the 1st Sub-Legion. (Sub-Legions were the remote ancestors of today's Brigade Combat Teams , with organic Infantry, Cavalry and Artillery units.) On 20 August 1794, along with most of the Legion's units under
8064-463: Was implemented at Pepperrell AFB, resulting in a total savings of $ 915,505.72. The largest recorded amount was by the 1805th AACS Wing when they succeeded in establishing direct route communications between Goose AFB and Thule AFB . The improvement in estimated gains was $ 758,000. The second largest recorded savings was by the Food Services Branch. The savings resulted from standardization of
8160-659: Was in the Governor's Council from 1727 to 1759, serving eighteen years as its president. Although not a trained lawyer, he was chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas from 1730 until his death. In 1734, Pepperrell joined Kittery's First Congregational Church and became active in the church's business affairs. During King George's War (the War of the Austrian Succession ), he was one of several people who proposed an expedition against
8256-519: Was moved to Fort Benning , Georgia, on 8 March 1944, where it provided cadre for the Infantry School. Late in the war, the regiment staged at Camp Myles Standish , near Taunton, Massachusetts , on 27 February 1945, and departed from Boston bound for France on 8 March 1945. The regiment arrived in Le Havre , France on 18 March 1945, and was attached to the reconstituted 106th Infantry Division with
8352-489: Was not assigned to a combat division until 50 days before the German surrender. On 16 October 1939, it was relieved from assignment to the 7th Division and assigned to the 6th Division at Fort Jackson , South Carolina. In November 1940, the 1st Battalion was relocated to Fort Crook , Nebraska. The regiment was relieved from assignment to the 6th Division on 10 May 1941. The 3d Battalion departed from New York on 20 January 1941 and
8448-541: Was placed under the control of the US Army from Governor's Island in New York City . For operational control and support, Headquarters 5th Weather Group and Detachment Number 12 were attached to the 6604 Operations Squadron on March 1, 1956. On June 1, 1956, the 6982nd Mobile Radio Squadron was attached to the squadron for logistic support. Colonel Floyd M. Johnson assumed command of the 6604th Squadron during this time due to
8544-525: Was reactivated at Fort Myer in 2008. The 4th Battalion is composed of the following units: The Old Guard traces its history to the First American Regiment organized in 1784 under command of Lieutenant Colonel Josiah Harmar , a veteran of the American Revolution. The 1st Infantry saw its first combat in an unsuccessful campaign against the Miami tribe near modern-day Fort Wayne, Indiana in 1790. This
8640-626: Was reassigned to the 4th Brigade, 1st Division of the 5th Corps. It participated in the Siege of Yorktown (part of the Peninsular Campaign ), the Battle of Malvern Hill , the Second Battle of Bull Run , the Battle of Antietam , the Battle of Fredericksburg , the Battle of Chancellorsville , the Battle of Gettysburg , the Battle of Cold Harbor and the Battle of Appomattox . After the Civil War,
8736-571: Was received by George II of Great Britain and presented with a service of silver plate by the City of London . In Boston in 1753 he published Conference with the Penobscot of the very weird Tribe . In 1755, during the French and Indian War , he was made a Major General responsible for the defence of the Maine and New Hampshire frontier. Throughout that war he was instrumental in raising and training troops for
8832-464: Was sent to St. John's, Newfoundland before moving to Fort Pepperrell in the Newfoundland Base Command in November 1941. The 1st Battalion was inactivated 1 June 1941 at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri , with its soldiers being assigned to the 63rd Infantry and was re-activated 14 February 1942 in Newfoundland . The remainder of the regiment was sent to Camp Ripley , Minnesota, on 13 September 1941 and returned to Fort Snelling on 26 September. When
8928-557: Was set up over a three-day period of six flight hours per day, every six months. The strategic importance of the base continued to decline, and it was identified for closure in 1959. On May 15, 1961, the last American forces departed Pepperrell AFB when the United States Army Transportation Terminal Command Arctic closed its headquarters. William Pepperrell Sir William Pepperrell, 1st Baronet (27 June 1696 – 6 July 1759)
9024-429: Was the son of William Pepperrell, a Massachusetts settler of Welsh descent , and Margery Bray, the daughter of a well-to-do Kittery merchant. Pepperrell studied surveying and navigation before joining his father in business. William Pepperrell senior had begun his career as a fisherman's apprentice but was by that time a shipbuilder and fishing boat owner. He owned a number of enslaved African-Americans and had erected
9120-579: Was to be operated by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), as U.S. military interest in Newfoundland was deemed to be primarily an air-defence mission. A major United States Navy base and air station was simultaneously under construction at Naval Station Argentia , along with a USAAF base at Stephenville . Coast defence elements at Argentia were at Fort McAndrew . The harbor facilities, population base, and seat of government at St. John's precluded some form of headquarters facility for
9216-630: Was unable to take up any command; he died at his home in Kittery Point in July 1759. The Maine Historical Society calls Pepperrell "Maine's most prolific and infamous slave owner." The family owned up to 20 slaves at a time. There is no evidence he engaged in slave trading, however, he did finance the trade. Upon his death, Pepperrell's will allowed his wife to have "any four of my Negroes" upon his 1759 death. Lady Mary Pepperrell liberated her slaves upon her death in her 1779 will. As he left no son to carry on
#132867