Misplaced Pages

#552447

58-462: The Hall is also used for many special events, including national level meetings of various social and political organizations, large anniversary celebrations, as well as the memorial services for former leaders. The Great Hall of the People is also a popular attraction in the city frequented by tourists visiting the capital. After the first Five-year plans of China was completed ahead of schedule in 1956,

116-580: A Soviet -style command economy to a socialist market economy ( socialism with Chinese characteristics ), the plans since the 11th Five-Year Plan for 2006 to 2010 have been referred to in Chinese as "guidelines" ( Chinese : 规划 ; pinyin : guīhuà ) instead of as "plans" ( Chinese : 计划 ; pinyin : jìhuà ). Medium and long-term planning are central to coordinating state activity across many policy areas in China and China's Five-Year Plans are one of

174-550: A greater focus on consumer goods. It called for enhancing "eating, clothing, and daily use" items ( chi, chuan, yong ). During discussions of the Third Five Year Plan, Mao acknowledged that during the Great Leap Forward, "We set revenue too high and extended the infrastructure battlefront too long," and that it was "best to do less and well." The Plan ultimately called for the prioritization of national defense in

232-462: A large red star is at the centre of the ceiling, and a pattern of a water waves nearby represents the people. Its facilities equipped with audio-visual and other systems adaptable to a variety of meeting types and sizes. A simultaneous interpretation system is also provided with a language booth. The State Banquet Hall with an area of 7,000 square meters (75,000 sq ft) can entertain 7,000 guests, and up to 5,000 people can dine at one time (as

290-507: A new phase, one of exploration and development. In April 1979, the central government formally put forward new principles of readjustment, reform, rectification and improvement. According to China Daily , the 6th Plan was first planned as part of the "Ten Year National Economic Development Plan Outline for 1976–1985" until the State Council decided to redraft the country's mid- and long-term plans in 1980. The 1982 national planning meeting

348-759: A series of social and economic development initiatives issued by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since 1953 in the People's Republic of China . Since 1949, the CCP has shaped the Chinese economy through the plenums of its Central Committee and national party congresses . Planning is a key characteristic of the nominally socialist economies , and one plan established for the entire country normally contains detailed economic development guidelines for all its regions. In order to more accurately reflect China's transition from

406-502: Is an octagon-shaped building in Guangzhou , capital of China's Guangdong Province. The hall was designed by Lu Yanzhi and was built with funds raised by local and overseas Chinese people in memory of Sun Yat-sen . Construction work commenced in 1929 and completed in 1931. The hall is a large octagonal structure with a span of 71 metres (233 ft) without pillars, housing a large stage and seats 3,240 people. The memorial hall stands on

464-553: Is not in use. Some non-political conventions and concerts have also been held in the Great Hall. On July 4, 1986, tenor singer Luciano Pavarotti held a solo concert in the Great Hall of the People, becoming the first foreigner to perform in the Great Hall of the People. In October 2003, Riverdance , the Irish music and dance entertainment phenomenon, was the first show from the West to perform in

522-699: Is the political hub of Beijing and home of the National People's Congress . Every year, in March, the Great Hall of the People plays host to the liang hui (literally means "two meetings") event, where both the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the National People's Congress (NPC) meet in sessions lasting for two to three weeks at the Great Auditorium. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) also holds its National Congress every five years in

580-519: The CCP Central Committee in the fall prior to the start of a Plan period. More detailed plans are approved by the National People's Congress the following March. These plans establish national priorities and outline how they will be met. Administratively, the Plans result in the development of numerous specific action plans across different levels of administration. These programs evolve over

638-751: The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party began to consider about building a larger auditorium in Beijing. At the Beidaihe meeting in late August 1958 , the CCP Central Committee decided to build a number of major architectural projects in Beijing including the Great Hall of Ten Thousand People, and requested that it be put into use in October 1959 before the tenth anniversary of the founding of

SECTION 10

#1732873434553

696-590: The Central Military Commission , and the full proposal for the plan was released following the plenum and approved by the National People's Congress on 14 March 2011. The plan shifted emphasis from investment towards consumption and development from urban and coastal areas toward rural and inland areas – initially by developing small cities and greenfield districts to absorb coastal migration. The plan also continued to advocate objectives set out in

754-481: The Sun Yat-sen Auditorium . The Great Auditorium, with volume of 90,000 cubic meters (3,200,000 cu ft), seats 3,693 in the lower floor, 3,515 in the balcony, 2,518 in the gallery and 300 to 500 on the dais . Government leaders make their speeches; and the representatives do much of their business. It can simultaneously seat 10,000 representatives. The ceiling is decorated with a galaxy of lights, with

812-459: The great sparrow campaign , which led to an infestation of locusts, as well as unprecedented natural and weather based issues, caused a huge decrease in food production. Simultaneously, rural officials, under huge pressure to meet their quotas, vastly overstated how much grain was available. Thus, a massive nationwide famine ensued. The policies of the Second Plan's Great Leap Forward departed from

870-564: The " Made in China 2025 " plan. The 14th Five-Year Plan was drafted during the fifth plenum of the 19th Central Committee held from 26 to 29 October 2020. Han Wenxiu, the deputy director of the Office of the Central Finance and Economic Commission, said CCP general secretary Xi Jinping had personally led the drafting process through multiple meetings of the Politburo, its standing committee, and

928-559: The " Ten Great Constructions " completed for the 10th Anniversary of the PRC. The decision to build the Hall was made by the politburo in August 1958. Zhou Enlai believed the final design should give the message that "the people are the masters of the country". After design proposals were submitted, a group of architects from across the country chose the winning design by Zhao Dongri and Shen Qi. Zhang Bo

986-423: The 10th Five-Year Plan. The 11th Five-Year Plan introduced a new category of "binding targets" ( yueshuxing zhibiao ) intended as government promises. These binding targets have since been used especially in non-economic policy areas like environmental protection and land management. Of 22 targets listed in the 11th Five-Year Plan, eight of them were binding targets. These binding targets were incorporated into

1044-572: The 1976–1985 Ten Year Plan Outline of Developing National Economy (Draft) in 1975, which included the 5th Five-Year Plan. In March 1978, the Ten Year Development Outline was amended because the original version in 1975 stipulated that by 1985, steel and petroleum outputs should reach 60 and 250 million tons respectively, and 120 large projects, including 10 steel production bases, nine non-ferrous metal bases, eight coal bases and 10 oil and gas fields, should be built. To achieve these goals,

1102-418: The 1980s it had become self-supporting in terms of administrative expenses. The Great Hall has been used for meetings with foreign dignitaries on state or working visits, as well as large anniversary celebrations attended by top leaders. The Great Hall has been used for the state funerals and memorial services for several top leaders. In 1982 Former President Liu Shaoqi was granted a state funeral held at

1160-524: The Beijing Municipal Planning Bureau determined that the Great Hall of Ten Thousand People and the Museum of Revolutionary History would be located on both sides of Tiananmen Square. In the early morning of September 9, 1959, Mao Zedong , Chairman of the CCP Central Committee, visited the construction site. During the visit, Wan Li, the vice mayor of Beijing, suggested that the Great Hall of

1218-586: The CPC had determined that gross value of agricultural products should increase 270%; in fact, the gain was a considerably more modest 35%. The country saw increases in capital construction over those observed during the first Five-Year Plan and also saw significant increases in industry (doubling output value) and income (workers and farmers, increase by as much as 30%). However, the Great Leap Forward , which diverted millions of agricultural workers into industry, and

SECTION 20

#1732873434553

1276-542: The Conference of CCP Delegates convened to adopt the "Proposal for the Seventh Five Year Plan" which was set to begin in 1986. The proposal demonstrated a shift from direct government control over enterprises to using indirect macroeconomic controls to "establish a new system for the socialist economy." In March 1986, the State Council submitted "The 7th Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of

1334-504: The Eleventh Five-Year Plan to enhance environmental protection, accelerate the process of opening and reform, and emphasize Hong Kong's role as a center of international finance. It prioritized more equitable wealth distribution, increased domestic consumption, and improved social infrastructure and social safety nets. Improvements in the social safety net were intended to reduce precautionary saving . The plan sought to expand

1392-526: The First Five-Year Plan was quite successful, especially in those areas emphasized by the Soviet-style development strategy. During this Plan period, China began developing a heavy-industrial base and brought its industrial production above what it had been prior to war. China also raised its agricultural production to above prewar levels, resulting primarily from gains in efficiency brought about by

1450-399: The Great Hall of Ten Thousands. Each province, special administrative region, autonomous region of China has its own hall in the Great Hall, such as Beijing Hall, Hong Kong Hall and Hainan Hall. Each hall has the unique characteristics of the province and is furnished according to the local style. Upon its completion, the Great Hall became China's largest auditorium which had previously been

1508-414: The Great Hall of the People, Beijing, with eleven sold-out performances. In January 2009, American country music trio Lucy Angel became the first American group to be invited to perform at the Great Hall of the People, doing so before an audience of dignitaries and government officials. Five-year plans of China The Five-Year Plans ( Chinese : 五年计划 ; pinyin : Wǔnián Jìhuà ) are

1566-505: The Great Hall of the People. After the Great Hall of the People was built in 1959, it was open to the public for one or two days every week. After the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution , the Great Hall of the People was closed and used only for large-scale meetings and the offices of central leaders, receiving activities. The issue of opening the Great Hall of the People to the public was brought up again after Cultural Revolution. At

1624-402: The Great Hall. The Great Hall also held the funerals of General Secretary Hu Yaobang in 1989, as well as the state funerals for paramount leader Deng Xiaoping in 1997, and Jiang Zemin in 2022. ( Mao Zedong 's funeral ceremony was not held at the Great Hall; it was held at Tiananmen Square .) The building and its main "Great Auditorium" are open to the public as a tourist attraction when it

1682-511: The People had not yet been officially named. After some discussion, Mao finalized the name "Great Hall of the People". In that night, the Great Hall was fully completed and put into use, and Mei Lanfang performed the Drunken Beauty ( 贵妃醉酒 ) in the 10,000-strong auditorium to show his condolences to the construction troops. The Great Hall of the People was opened in September 1959 as one of

1740-1002: The People's Republic of China, 1986–1990" to the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's Congress for review and ratification. It was the first time in China's history that an all-round plan for social and economic development was created at the start of a new five-year plan. The national goals of the Plan included speeding up development on the coast, with inland regions role's being to "support and accelerate coastal development." During this Plan period, different regions of China were encouraged to develop by leveraging their respective advantages. Coastal regions were instructed to focused on "the restructuring of traditional industries, new industries, and consumer goods production." Western regions were to focus on processing and agriculture. In central regions, energy, construction, and minerals were

1798-486: The People's Republic of China. Since the decision to build to be completed in just over a year and a month, time is very intensive. On September 5, 1958, Wan Li , the vice mayor of Beijing, conveyed the central government on the preparations for the 10th Anniversary . Beijing immediately set up by Feng Peizhi responsible for the National Day Project Design Leading Group and by Zhang Bo as

Great Hall of the People - Misplaced Pages Continue

1856-444: The Plan, considerable success was achieved. In 1977, the gross output value of industry and agriculture reached 505.5 billion yuan, 4.4% above-target and representing an increase of 10.4% compared with the previous year. Gross domestic product for 1978 reached 301 billion yuan, an increase of 12.3% compared with 1977, and an increase of 19.4% compared with 1976. However, during this period, the Chinese economy developed too quickly, and

1914-494: The United States would ultimately invade China. Support among leadership for Mao's proposed Third Front construction increased as a result and changed the direction of the Third Five Year Plan. The Fourth Five Year Plan sought decentralization and prioritized "small scale, indigenous, and labor intensive" development projects over "large scale, foreign, and capital intensive" development. The central government stipulated

1972-479: The approach in the Soviet-inspired First Plan, which stressed central command and extensive planning. Instead, the approach entailed local areas marshalling all available resources for large projects. In 1960–61, attempts were made to redirect twenty million workers into agricultural production and to reallocate investment into those industrial sectors that could further support agriculture. This shift

2030-476: The approach in the first Five-Year Plan was for the government to buy them out, including through coercing reluctant sellers if necessary. Government control over industry was increased during this period by applying financial pressures and inducements to convince owners of private, modern firms to sell them to the state or convert them into joint public-private enterprises under state control. The Plan strained agricultural production. In terms of economic growth,

2088-499: The chief architect of the Great Hall Design Group, in a very short period of time selected the design of the Great Hall of the eight programs, and in a wide range of opinions on the basis of Tsinghua University , Beijing Municipal Bureau of Planning Administration Design Institute (President Shen Bo), Beijing Municipal Bureau of Planning Administration , to draft a comprehensive program respectively. In early September 1958,

2146-415: The course of the plan period. As academic Sebastian Heilmann observes, this process is best viewed as a planning coordination and evaluation cycle rather than a unified blueprint. China's Five-Year Plans have been praised for their efficiency, capabilities and their importance to rapid economic growth, development, corporate finance and industrial policies . Having restored a viable economic base,

2204-422: The criteria for local cadre performance evaluations. The Plan also reflected a change in terminology to the allocation of administrative resources via "programs" rather than "plans." The Twelfth Five-Year Guideline was debated in mid-October 2010 at the fifth plenary session of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party , the same session in which Xi Jinping was selected as Vice Chairman of

2262-519: The drafting panel that he headed. The Plan was drafted against the backdrop of worsening China–United States relations and the COVID-19 pandemic , which caused China's economy to shrink in the first quarter of 2020 – the first time in 44 years. Continuing themes from the prior two plans, the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan also seeks to boost the services sector, increase urbanization, and expand

2320-406: The evening of January 27, 1979, Deng Yingchao , on behalf of the CCP Central Committee, announced that "the Great Hall of the People will be open to the masses." From July 15, the Great Hall of the People was reopened to the public. Since then it has eased the pressure on its finances by charging admission fees for visiting the hall and by generating income from the kiosks. Subsequently, by the end of

2378-557: The focus on developing industry, northeast China was the region which received the greatest share of state funds during the First Plan. The First Five-Year Plan phrased its developmental focus in the terminology of revolution. It attributed the backwards state of China's economy to contradictions between the developing productive forces and the capitalist relations of production . Agriculture, fishing, and forestry would be collectivized. Regarding commercial and services industries,

Great Hall of the People - Misplaced Pages Continue

2436-533: The focus. During the 10th Five-Year Plan, the strategic purpose of planning shifted from narrow, quantitative growth targets to coordinating structural and qualitative changes in economic and social growth targets. The Plan described science, technology, and human resources as decisive areas to improve for China to catch-up with the most advanced countries. Focuses included growing the services sector, developing domestic economic demand, rural urbanization, and western development. Environmental sustainability

2494-399: The government would invest 70 billion yuan in infrastructure construction, equaling total national investment over the previous 28 years. These were impossible targets and ran counter to economic development rules. The Plan put forward suggestions to set up an independent and comparatively complete industrial system and national economic system from 1978 to 1980. With the implementation of

2552-456: The leadership under Chairman Mao Zedong , Premier Zhou Enlai , and other revolutionary veterans sought to implement what they termed a socialist transformation of China. The First Five-Year Plan was deeply influenced by Soviet methodologies and assistance from Soviet planners. Industrial development was the primary goal. With Soviet assistance in the form of both funds and experts, China began to develop industries from scratch. Consistent with

2610-446: The light of a possible big war, actively preparing for conflicts and speeding up construction in three key areas; national defense, science and technology, and industry and transport infrastructure. The turn towards a greater emphasis on developing heavy industries and national defense industries was prompted by the Gulf of Tonkin incident , which increased fears among Chinese leadership that

2668-399: The main gate hangs the national emblem of the PRC. The Great Hall of the People consists of three sections. Among them, the central hall covers an area of 3,600 square meters. The retaining walls and floor are paved with colored marble. There are 20 white marble pillars around. There is a 12-meter (39 ft 4 in)-wide corridor on the middle floor. There are 6 main entrances leading to

2726-474: The most prominent examples of this approach. Through the Five-Year Plans, the CCP and the government establish their policy priorities. Five-Year Plans continue to be a central means of organizing policy in China, especially in the areas of environmental protection , education , and industrial policy . The initial formulation of a Five-Year Plan begins with fairly short, general guidelines prepared by

2784-400: The national unity and ethnic equality of the nation, the Great Hall embodied the new Chinese character of time in its features, proportion and details. The building covers 171,801 square meters (1,849,250 sq ft) of floor space, it is 356 meters (1,168 ft) in length and 206.5 meters (677 ft) in width. The centre's highest point reaches 46.5 meters (153 ft). At the eaves of

2842-401: The reorganization and cooperation achieved through cooperative farming. Although urbanization had not been a specific goal of the plan's focus on industrialization, industrialization also prompted extensive urban growth. By 1956, China had completed its socialist transformation of the domestic economy. This plan was created to accomplish several tasks, including: The Political Bureau of

2900-565: The services industry in order to increase employment and continue urbanization to help raise real wages . Continuing themes from the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan also sought to boost the services sector, increase urbanization, and expand the social safety net to reduce precautionary savings. It also emphasized innovation, the completion of building a moderately prosperous society , and started

2958-738: The site of Guangzhou's Presidential Palace during the Constitutional Protection Movement , when the Nationalists operated a rival "Chinese" government to the Zhili Clique 's Beijing regime . The palace was damaged during Ye Ju 's 16 June 1922 attack on Sun Yat-sen, during which—though he had already fled— his wife narrowly escaped shelling and rifle fire before meeting him on the gunboat Yongfeng , where they were joined by Chiang Kai-shek . The hall itself has been severely damaged and repaired several times until 1998, when it

SECTION 50

#1732873434553

3016-483: The social safety net to reduce precautionary savings. To address the aging of China's population , the Plan seeks to expand healthcare and retirement system initiatives. The Plan also emphasizes high-tech innovation. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . Country Studies . Federal Research Division . Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Guangzhou) The Sun Yat-sen or Zhongshan Memorial Hall

3074-413: The very high goals triggered the onset of yet another round of mistakes. In December 1978, the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party shifted the work focus of the CCP to modernization. The Session emphasized that the development should follow economic rules and proposed readjustment and reform measures, which indicated that national economic development had entered

3132-470: Was again mainly focused on the drafting of the Plan. It was only in December that year that the fifth meeting of the 5th National People's Congress officially ratified the Plan. The Sixth Five-Year Plan was the first to address government policy support for solar PV panel manufacturing. Policy support for solar panel manufacturing has been a part of every Five-Year Plan since. In late September 1985,

3190-407: Was also addressed. Goals included increasing forest coverage to 18.2%, and the urban green rate to 35%. The total amount of major urban and rural pollutants discharged were targeted for a 10% reduction as compared with 2000, and more measures would be taken to protect and save natural resources. The planning philosophy for the 11th Five-Year Plan was significantly shaped by a mid-term evaluation of

3248-502: Was also in sharp contrast to the rapid industrialization seen in the First Five-Year Plan. The Third Plan was originally due early in 1963, but at that time China's economy was too dislocated, as a result of the failure of the Great Leap Forward and four poor harvests to permit any planned operations. No five-year plan ultimately covered the period 1963–1965. As initially conceived, the Third Five Year Plan emphasized further development in China's already more developed coastal areas and

3306-772: Was appointed as the chief architect. The construction took 10 months, 7,785 workers and was fashioned with military-like strategies that emulated the Great Leap Forward . On December 19, 2007, approved by the Beijing Municipal People's Government , the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics included the Great Hall of the People building in the List of Beijing Outstanding Modern and Contemporary Architectures ( 北京优秀近现代建筑保护名录 ). Designed to symbolize

3364-462: Was done on the occasion of Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China ). Smaller gatherings can be held in the Main Auditorium, with larger groups having the use of one or more of the conference halls, such as Golden Hall and North Hall, and the smallest assemblies accommodated in one or more of the over 30 conference halls that are named after provinces and regions in China. The Great Hall of the People

#552447