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73-677: Located within Gloucester County and Salem County , the Penns Grove Secondary serves industries and distribution facilities in the corridor along the east bank of the Delaware River and with spur lines to Pureland Industrial Complex and maritime facilities, including the Port of Paulsboro , and the Paulsboro refinery where rail interchange is provided by SMS Rail Lines . At the north,

146-531: A "red flag" to B.F. Goodrich and the industry. In 1972, Maltoni, another Italian researcher for the European vinyl chloride industry, found liver tumors (including angiosarcoma) from vinyl chloride exposures as low as 250 ppm for four hours a day. In 1997 the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) concluded that the development and acceptance by the PVC industry of a closed loop polymerization process in

219-516: A Romanian researcher published findings of liver disease in vinyl chloride workers. In 1968, Mutchler and Kramer, two Dow researchers, reported their finding that exposures as low as 300 ppm caused liver damage in vinyl chloride workers thus confirming earlier animal data in humans. In a 1969 presentation given in Japan, P. L. Viola, a European researcher working for the European vinyl chloride industry, indicated, "every monomer used in V.C. manufacture

292-531: A dense cloud (more than twice as heavy as the surrounding air). The risk of subsequent explosion or fire is significant. According to OSHA, the flash point of vinyl chloride is −78 °C (−108.4 °F). Its flammable limits in air are: lower 3.6 volume% and upper 33.0 volume%. The explosive limits are: lower 4.0%, upper 22.05% by volume in air. Fire may release toxic hydrogen chloride (HCl) and carbon monoxide (CO) and trace levels of phosgene . Vinyl chloride can polymerise rapidly due to heating and under

365-467: A health hazard is 500 ppm. Often, the storage containers for the product vinyl chloride are high capacity spheres. The spheres have an inside sphere and an outside sphere. Several inches of space separate the inside sphere from the outside sphere. The interstitial space between the spheres is purged with an inert gas such as nitrogen. As the nitrogen purge gas exits the interstitial space it passes through an analyzer that detects whether any vinyl chloride

438-426: A reduction of the threshold limit value of monomer." Vinyl chloride was first reported to induce angiosarcoma of the liver in 1974 and further research has demonstrated the carcinogenicity of VC to other organs and at lower concentrations, with evidence now extending to jobs associated with poly(vinyl chloride) exposure, indicating the need for prudent control of PVC dust in the industrial setting. Vinyl chloride

511-487: A solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol . In 1912, Fritz Klatte, a German chemist working for Griesheim-Elektron, patented a means to produce vinyl chloride from acetylene and hydrogen chloride using mercuric chloride as a catalyst . Acetylene reacts with hydrogen chloride over a mercuric chloride catalyst to give vinyl chloride: The reaction is exothermic and highly selective. Product purity and yields are generally very high. This route to vinyl chloride

584-661: Is Benjamin C. Telsey. Gloucester County Courthouse is located in Woodbury. Gloucester County is part of the 1st and 2nd Congressional Districts. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 1st congressional district is represented by Donald Norcross ( D , Camden ). For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 2nd congressional district is represented by Jeff Van Drew ( R , Dennis Township ). The 24 municipalities of Gloucester County are part of three legislative districts. Dave Bailey (D) Cody Miller (D) Bill Moen (D) The county leans toward

657-410: Is a common contaminant found near landfills . Before the 1970s, vinyl chloride was used as an aerosol propellant and refrigerant . Vinyl chloride, also called vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), is exclusively used as a precursor to PVC. Due to its toxic nature, vinyl chloride is not found in other products. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is very stable, storable and not toxic. Until 1974, vinyl chloride

730-1013: Is a mutagen having clastogenic effects which affect lymphocyte chromosomal structure. Vinyl chloride is a IARC group 1 Carcinogen posing elevated risks of rare angiosarcoma , brain and lung tumors, and malignant haematopoeitic lymphatic tumors. Chronic exposure leads to common forms of respiratory failure ( emphysema , pulmonary fibrosis ) and focused hepatotoxicity ( hepatomegaly , hepatic fibrosis ). Continuous exposure can cause CNS depression including euphoria and disorientation. Decreased male libido, miscarriage, and birth defects are known major reproductive defects associated with vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride can have acute dermal and ocular effects. Dermal exposure effects are thickening of skin, edema, decreased elasticity, local frostbites, blistering, and irritation. The complete loss of skin elasticity expresses itself in Raynaud's Phenomenon. The hepatotoxicity of vinyl chloride has long been established since

803-417: Is also a large manufacturer and one of the largest consumers of vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride is a flammable gas that has a sweet odor and is carcinogenic . It can be formed in the environment when soil organisms break down chlorinated solvents. Vinyl chloride that is released by industries or formed by the breakdown of other chlorinated chemicals can enter the air and drinking water supplies. Vinyl chloride

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876-495: Is governed by a Board of County Commissioners and includes seven members who are elected at-large to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis in partisan elections, with either two or three seats coming up for election each November. At a reorganization meeting held each January, the Board selects a director and a deputy director from among the members. In 2017, commissioners, then called freeholders, were paid $ 16,908 annually and

949-437: Is hazardous....various changes were found in bone and liver. Particularly, much more attention should be drawn to liver changes. The findings in rats at the concentration of 4 to 10 ppm are shown in pictures." In light of the finding of liver damage in rats from just 4–10 ppm of vinyl chloride exposure, Viola added that he "should like some precautions to be taken in the manufacturing plants polymerizing vinyl chloride, such as

1022-400: Is immediately quenched with cold EDC to minimize undesirable side reactions. The resulting vapor-liquid mixture then goes to a purification system. Some processes use an absorber-stripper system to separate HCl from the chlorinated hydrocarbons, while other processes use a refrigerated continuous distillation system. Vinyl chloride is stored as a liquid. The accepted upper limit of safety as

1095-745: Is in Sewell in Gloucester County; it also operates two satellite campuses in Vineland and Millville , both in Cumberland County . School districts in Gloucester County include: Gloucester County has a vocational school, the Gloucester County Institute of Technology , a four-year vocational-technical high school in Deptford Township that serves students from across the county and

1168-562: Is leaking from the internal sphere. If vinyl chloride starts to leak from the internal sphere or if a fire is detected on the outside of the sphere then the contents of the sphere are automatically dumped into an emergency underground storage container. Containers used for handling vinyl chloride at atmospheric temperature are always under pressure. Inhibited vinyl chloride may be stored at normal atmospheric conditions in suitable pressure vessels. Uninhibited vinyl chloride may be stored either under refrigeration or at normal atmospheric temperature in

1241-591: Is located in Conrail 's South Jersey/Philadelphia Shared Assets Area, freight rail in the county travels along Penns Grove Secondary , the Salem Branch, and the Vineland Secondary. SMS Rail Lines handles interchanges with CSX Transportation and Norfolk Southern Railway . The Port of Paulsboro is located on the Delaware River and Mantua Creek in and around Paulsboro in the county. Traditionally one of

1314-882: Is made by cracking ethane. Two steps are involved, chlorination and dehydrochlorination: Numerous attempts have been made to convert ethane directly to vinyl chloride. Ethane, which is even more readily available than ethylene, is a potential precursor to vinyl chloride. The conversion of ethane to vinyl chloride has been demonstrated by various routes: High-temperature chlorination: High-temperature oxychlorination, which uses oxygen and hydrogen chloride in place of chlorine: High-temperature oxidative chlorination: 4 H 3 C−CH 3 + 3 O 2 + 2 Cl 2 → 4 H 2 C=CHCl + 6 H 2 O 1,2-Dichloroethane , ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl (also known as ethylene dichloride, EDC), can be prepared by halogenation of ethane or ethylene , inexpensive starting materials. EDC thermally converts into vinyl chloride and anhydrous HCl. This production method has become

1387-424: Is now an IARC group 1 carcinogen known to cause hepatic angiosarcoma (HAS) in highly exposed industrial workers. Vinyl chloride monomer, a component in the production of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) resins, is a halogenated hydrocarbon with acute toxic effects, as well as chronic carcinogenic effects. Animals exposed to 30,000 ppm of vinyl chloride developed cancerous tumors. Studies on vinyl chloride workers were

1460-558: Is part of the Gloucester County Vocational-Technical School District , located in Sewell . Gloucester County's 24 municipalities along with population, housing units and area from the 2010 U.S. census include: As of 2010 , the county had 1,698.59 miles (2,733.62 km) of roadways, 1,126.99 miles (1,813.71 km) of which is maintained by the local municipality, 406.47 miles (654.15 km) by Gloucester County, 145.11 miles (233.53 km) by

1533-599: Is part of the North-South Freeway, Route 45 , Route 47 , Route 55 , Route 77 , and Route 168 . Route 324 is located in Logan Township in the county. The three U.S. routes that traverse the county include: U.S. Route 130 in the northwest, U.S. Route 322 near the county's center, and U.S. Route 40 at the county's southern tip. The Commodore Barry Bridge crosses the Delaware River , carrying U.S. Route 322 between Chester, Pennsylvania and Logan Township in

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1606-538: Is the main production method in China due to low price on coal from which acetylene is produced, with over 80% of national capacity as of 2018, even though the resulting PVC contains residues and is only suitable for low-end products like pipes. In the United States and Europe, mercury-catalyzed routes widely used in the 20th century have been superseded by more economical and greener processes based on ethylene. Ethylene

1679-791: Is via inhalation, as opposed to the consumption of contaminated food or water, with occupational hazards being highest. Prior to 1974, workers were commonly exposed to 1,000 ppm vinyl chloride, causing "vinyl chloride illness" such as acroosteolysis and Raynaud's Phenomenon . The symptoms of vinyl chloride exposure are classified by ppm levels in ambient air with 4,000  ppm having a threshold effect. The intensity of symptoms varies from acute (1,000–8,000 ppm), including dizziness, nausea, visual disturbances, headache, and ataxia , to chronic (above 12,000 ppm), including narcotic effect, cardiac arrhythmias , and fatal respiratory failure . RADS (Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome) may be caused by acute exposure to vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride

1752-466: The 2008 presidential election , Barack Obama carried Gloucester County by a 12.2% margin over John McCain , while Obama carried the state by 15.5% over McCain. In the 2012 election , Barack Obama carried Gloucester County by an even larger margin, even as his support declined nationwide. In 2016 , Donald Trump became the first Republican to win Gloucester County since 1988 , when George H. W. Bush won it and New Jersey's electoral votes as well,

1825-606: The 2017 gubernatorial election . In the 2021 gubernatorial election , the county voted for Republican Jack Ciattarelli over the Democratic incumbent, Governor Phil Murphy, making it one of three counties that Ciattarelli flipped. Gloucester County is served by the Gloucester County Emergency Medical Services (GCEMS), the first county-based EMS agency in New Jersey, which provides emergency services to

1898-467: The 2020 census , the county was the state's 14th-most populous county with a population of 302,294, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 14,006 (+4.9%) from the 288,288 counted in the 2010 census , which in turn represented an increase of 33,615 (+13.2%) from the 2000 census population of 254,673. Its county seat is Woodbury . The county is part of the South Jersey region of

1971-472: The 2023 Ohio train derailment , in which derailed tank cars dumped 100,000 gallons of hazardous materials, including vinyl chloride. In the U.S., OSHA lists vinyl chloride as a Class IA Flammable Liquid, with a National Fire Protection Association Flammability Rating of 4. Because of its low boiling point, liquid vinyl chloride will undergo flash evaporation (i.e., autorefrigerate) upon its release to atmospheric pressure. The portion vaporized will form

2044-628: The County Sheriff , who is elected for a three-year term. Gloucester County's constitutional officers are: Gloucester County's prosecutor, appointed in March 2020, is Christine A. Hoffman. Along with Cumberland and Salem counties, Gloucester County is part of Vicinage 15 of the New Jersey Superior Court , which is based in Woodbury in Gloucester County; the assignment judge for the vicinage

2117-810: The Delaware River Railroad . On April 30, 1900, the WJ&;S acquired the DRR. On May 4, 1896 the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) consolidated all its railroads and several smaller properties in southern New Jersey into the West Jersey and Seashore Railroad (WJ&S). Passenger service on the Penns Grove Branch ended July 8, 1950. A 2010 New Jersey Department of Transportation report anticipated increased freight activity in South Jersey . New infrastructure at

2190-472: The Democratic Party , though to a slightly lesser degree than the state of New Jersey as a whole. As of October 2021, there were a total of 230,545 registered voters in Gloucester County. Of these, 89,073 (38.6%) were registered as Democrats , 57,779 (25.1%) were registered as Republicans and 80,776 (35.0%) were registered as unaffiliated . There were 2,917 voters (1.3%) registered to other parties. In

2263-869: The New Jersey Department of Transportation , 2.22 miles (3.57 km) by the Delaware River Port Authority , 1.09 miles (1.75 km) by the South Jersey Transportation Authority , and 16.71 miles (26.89 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . Various county, state, U.S. routes, and interstates pass through the county. Major county highways include County Route 534 , County Route 536 , County Route 538 , County Route 544 , County Route 551 , County Route 553 , County Route 555 , and County Route 557 . State Routes include Route 41 , Route 42 , which

Penns Grove Secondary - Misplaced Pages Continue

2336-468: The Port of Paulsboro includes the construction of a rail crossing , turnouts , and 11,000 feet (3,400 m) of track with a link to the Penns Grove Secondary and a balloon loop for dockside accessibility. It is expected to cost $ 3.2 million and be completed by 2014. Partial federal funding for this work was obtained in 2011 by South Jersey Port Corporation , Conrail, and Salem County by leveraging $ 117.65 million of infrastructure funding for

2409-494: The U.S. Census Bureau , as of the 2020 census, the county had a total area of 336.77 square miles (872.2 km ), of which 322.00 square miles (834.0 km ) was land (95.6%) and 14.77 square miles (38.3 km ) was water (4.4%). Gloucester County is largely comprised of low-lying rivers and coastal plains , stretching southeastward from the Delaware River to the New Jersey Pine Barrens . The highest elevation in

2482-403: The U.S. EPA , "vinyl chloride emissions from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) plants cause or contribute to air pollution that may reasonably be anticipated to result in an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness. Vinyl chloride is a known human carcinogen that causes a rare cancer of

2555-515: The formula H 2 C = CHCl. It is also called vinyl chloride monomer ( VCM ) or chloroethene . This colorless compound is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Vinyl chloride monomer is among the top twenty largest petrochemicals ( petroleum -derived chemicals) in world production. The United States remains the largest vinyl chloride manufacturing region because of its low-production-cost position in chlorine and ethylene raw materials. China

2628-507: The 1930s when the PVC industry was just in its early stages. In the very first study about the dangers of vinyl chloride, published by Patty in 1930, it was disclosed that exposure of test animals to just a single short-term high dose of vinyl chloride caused liver damage. In 1949, a Russian publication discussed the finding that vinyl chloride caused liver injury among workers. In 1954, B.F. Goodrich Chemical stated that vinyl chloride caused liver injury upon short-term exposures. Almost nothing

2701-626: The Avandale Park/Ride in Winslow Township ) routes. The Glassboro–Camden Line , a proposed 18-mile (28.97 km) diesel multiple unit (DMU) light rail system to connect with the River Line and PATCO Speedline in Camden , was initially anticipated to be in operation by 2019. However, a lack of an official sponsor and funding source have to date delayed the project. Gloucester County

2774-412: The absence of air or sunlight but only for a duration of a few days. If stored for longer periods, regular checks must be made to confirm no polymerization has taken place. In addition to its toxicity risk, transporting vinyl chloride also presents the same risks as transporting other flammable gases such as propane, butane, or natural gas. Examples of incidents in which this danger was observed include

2847-703: The bridges have been automated. South of Penns Grove, the Deepwater Point Industrial Track continues through Carneys Point to a DuPont industrial complex known as the Chamber Works at Deepwater in the vicinity of the vehicular Delaware Memorial Bridge . The Delaware Shore Railroad was incorporated on February 20, 1873 to build a line from Woodbury to Penns Grove. The line was opened in July 1876, but declared bankruptcy in January 1879 and reincorporated as

2920-436: The closed position until the bridge is replaced. A 2014 court ruling allowed Conrail to demolish the structure. It was replaced with a vertical-lift bridge , which opened in March 2015. and is operated remotely. Numerous lawsuits had been brought in the matter. Gloucester County, New Jersey Gloucester County ( / ˈ ɡ l ɒ s t ər / GLOST -ər ) is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of

2993-496: The county and Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal in Center City Philadelphia is available on the 313 and 315 routes. Additional public transportation in the county includes the 400 , 401 (from Salem ), 402 (from Pennsville Township ), 403 , 408 , 410 (from Bridgeton ), and 412 (from Sewell ) routes, and local service is available on the 455 ( Cherry Hill to Paulsboro ) and 463 (between Woodbury and

Penns Grove Secondary - Misplaced Pages Continue

3066-420: The county is a slight rise on County Road 654 southeast of Monroe Township that rises to approximately 180 feet (55 m) above sea level. The county's lowest elevation is at sea level on the Delaware River . Average temperatures in the county seat of Woodbury have ranged from a low of 26 °F (−3 °C) in January to a high of 87 °F (31 °C) in July. A record low of −11 °F (−24 °C)

3139-551: The county. Interstate 295 is an interstate that runs through the county's northwest for about 14 miles (23 km). The New Jersey Turnpike passes through the county in the northwest and interchanges at Exit 2 in Woolwich Township in the county. The Atlantic City Expressway briefly passes through the county in Washington Township before ending at an interchange with Route 42 . NJ Transit bus service between

3212-672: The county. GCEMS administrative offices are located at the county's Emergency Response Center in Clayton . It was the winner of the 2010 Outstanding Public EMS Agency by the State of New Jersey. Gloucester County's special weapons and tactics (SWAT) unit includes police officers from Gloucester County and provides emergency services for SWAT-oriented scenarios, including barricaded and suicidal subjects, hostage rescues, high-risk warrant service, dignitary protection, and counterterrorism responses. In 2014, heroin overose rate in Gloucester County

3285-484: The county. The population density was 895.3 inhabitants per square mile (345.7/km ). There were 109,796 housing units at an average density of 341 per square mile (132/km ). The racial makeup was 83.56% (240,890) White , 10.06% (29,006) Black or African American , 0.17% (501) Native American , 2.64% (7,609) Asian , 0.03% (95) Pacific Islander , 1.41% (4,055) from other races , and 2.13% (6,132) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.76% (13,712) of

3358-485: The creation of neighboring Camden County . The county was named for the city of Gloucester and the county of Gloucestershire in the United Kingdom. As of the 2020 United States census , the county's population was 302,294, representing an increase of 14,006 (4.9%) from 288,288 enumerated in the 2010 U.S. census . The 2010 United States census counted 288,288 people, 104,271 households, and 75,805 families in

3431-560: The director was paid $ 17,908. As of 2024 , Gloucester County's Commissioners are (with terms for director and deputy director ending December 31): Pursuant to Article VII Section II of the Constitution of New Jersey , each county in New Jersey is required to have three elected administrative officials known as constitutional officers. These officials are the County Clerk and County Surrogate , both elected for five-year terms of office, and

3504-599: The earliest European settlements in New Jersey and were both part of the 17th century New Sweden colony. Gloucester County dates back to May 26, 1686, when courts were established separate from those in Burlington County . On May 17, 1694, the county was officially formed and its boundaries defined as part of West Jersey . Portions of Gloucester County were set off on February 7, 1837, to create Atlantic County . On March 13, 1844, its boundaries were again defined as part of

3577-437: The influence of air, light and contact with a catalyst, strong oxidisers and metals such as copper and aluminium, with fire or explosion hazard. As a gas mixed with air, vinyl chloride is a fire and explosion hazard. On standing , vinyl chloride can form peroxides , which may then explode. Vinyl chloride will react with iron and steel in the presence of moisture. Since it is a gas under most ambient conditions, primary exposure

3650-407: The last time a Republican has done so. In 2020 , Democrat Joe Biden was declared victor in the county in the closest Democratic victory in the county in the last 30 years. In 2024 , Republican Donald Trump repeated his 2016 victory in the county by an even larger margin, beating Democrat Kamala Harris by 4,617 votes, the largest margin of victory for a Republican in the county since 1988 . On

3723-408: The late 1970s "almost completely eliminated worker exposures" and that "new cases of hepatic angiosarcoma in vinyl chloride polymerization workers have been virtually eliminated." The Houston Chronicle claimed in 1998 that the vinyl industry manipulated vinyl chloride studies to avoid liability for worker exposure and hid extensive and severe chemical spills in local communities. According to

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3796-571: The line begins in Woodbury at a junction with the Salem Secondary and the Vineland Secondary . It then passes through Thorofare , West Deptford Township , Paulsboro , Gibbstown , Repaupo , Bridgeport , Pedricktown , and Penns Grove . For much of its length it travels parallel to US Route 130 and New Jersey Route 44 . It bridges Mantua Creek , Repaupo Creek, White Sluice Race, Starrs Ditch, Raccoon Creek , and Oldmans Creek. Some of

3869-554: The liver." EPA's 2001 updated Toxicological Profile and Summary Health Assessment for vinyl chloride in its Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database lowers EPA's previous risk factor estimate by a factor of 20 and concludes that "because of the consistent evidence for liver cancer in all the studies [...] and the weaker association for other sites, it is concluded that the liver is the most sensitive site, and protection against liver cancer will protect against possible cancer induction in other tissues." The carcinogenicity of VC

3942-406: The major route to vinyl chloride since the late 1950s. The thermal cracking reaction is highly endothermic, and is generally carried out in a fired heater. Even though residence time and temperature are carefully controlled, it produces significant quantities of chlorinated hydrocarbon side products. In practice, the yield for EDC conversion is relatively low (50 to 60 percent). The furnace effluent

4015-525: The marine terminal and other South Jersey projects. The Jefferson Street Bridge, or the Paulsboro Draw, is a railroad movable bridge over Mantua Creek 1.3 miles (2.1 km) upstream from its mouth. The 160-foot (49 m) "A-Frame", shear pole, swing bridge was originally constructed in 1917 and rebuilt in 1940. Once part of Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines (PRSL), it is now part of Conrail's Penns Grove Secondary. Originally manually opened, it

4088-489: The municipalities of Clayton , Deptford Township , East Greenwich Township , Elk Township , Franklin Township , Glassboro , Greenwich Township , Harrison Township , Logan Township , Mantua Township , Monroe Township , National Park , Newfield , Paulsboro , Pitman , South Harrison Township , Swedesboro , Wenonah , West Deptford Township , Westville , Woolwich Township , Woodbury , and Woodbury Heights . GCEMS

4161-493: The nation's sixth-most populous city , to its northwest across the Delaware River . Atlantic City is 52 miles (84 km) to the county's southeast. Gloucester County and adjacent Salem County , also in South Jersey, have become an East Coast epicenter for logistics and warehouse construction. Woodbury , the county seat, was founded in 1683 and is the county's oldest municipality. National Park in Gloucester County

4234-444: The nation's busiest ports for marine transfer operations of petroleum products , the port is undergoing redevelopment as an adaptable omni port able to handle bulk , breakbulk cargo , and shipping containers . Studies completed in 2012 concluded that the port is well suited to become a center for the manufacture, assembly, and transport of wind turbines and platforms involved in wind power development. Gloucester County

4307-424: The population were under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.7 years. For every 100 females, the population had 94.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 91.1 males. The Bureau of Economic Analysis calculated that the county's gross domestic product was $ 14.0 billion in 2021, which

4380-417: The population. Of the 104,271 households, 33.4% had children under the age of 18; 55.6% were married couples living together; 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present and 27.3% were non-families. Of all households, 22% were made up of individuals and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.2. 24.4% of

4453-421: The region and Paulsboro school lock-downs. Removal of derailed cars and environmental cleanup was handled by U.S. Coast Guard . In March 2013, Conrail announced that the bridge would be replaced with an expected September 2014 operational date. Normally, between March 1 and November 30 the bridge is left in the open position for maritime traffic and closed when trains approach. It will remain locked in

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4526-478: The state level, the county is far more competitive. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 47% of the vote, defeating Democrat Jon Corzine , who received around 43%. In the 2013 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 50,640 votes in the county (64.1%), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 27,060 votes (34.2%). However, Gloucester County narrowly opted for Democrat Phil Murphy over Republican Kim Guadagno in

4599-621: The state. The county's largest municipality by population in 2020 was Washington Township , with a population of 48,677, while the largest municipality by area was Franklin Township , which covered 56.39 square miles (146.0 km ). The county is part of the Camden, New Jersey metropolitan division of both the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington metropolitan statistical area , and the Delaware Valley combined statistical area . Gloucester County borders Philadelphia ,

4672-423: Was 17.3 deaths per 100,000 people, the fourth-highest rate in New Jersey and nearly seven times the national average. The Gloucester County Historical Society, founded in 1903, maintains a collection of materials and artifacts related to the history of South Jersey . Hunter–Lawrence–Jessup House in Woodbury displays many of these artifacts. Vinyl chloride Vinyl chloride is an organochloride with

4745-500: Was common before ethylene became widely distributed. When vinyl chloride producers shifted to using the thermal cracking of EDC described below, some used byproduct HCl in conjunction with a colocated acetylene-based unit. The hazards of storing and shipping acetylene meant that the vinyl chloride facility needed to be located very close to the acetylene generating facility. In view of mercury's toxicity, gold- and platinum-based catalysts have been proposed. The mercury-based technology

4818-413: Was known about its long-term effects. They also recommended long-term animal toxicology studies. The study noted that if a chemical did justify the cost of testing, and its ill-effects on workers and the public were known, the chemical should not be made. In 1963, research paid for in part by Allied Chemical found liver damage in test animals from exposures below 500 parts per million (ppm). Also in 1963,

4891-728: Was launched in September 2007 with the goal of providing emergency medical services to county residents within nine minutes from the time of dispatch 90 percent of the time, which is considered to be the gold standard in EMS services. The program currently has 15 ambulances in service around the clock and four power shift ambulances on duty from 8am to 8pm seven days a week. GCEMS operates three Quick Response Vehicles (QRV) units that based in West Deptford Township, Newfield, and South Harrison Township. The department operates from 19 stations throughout

4964-455: Was partially automated sometime between 2000 and 2003. Buckling of the bridge caused a derailment of a coal train in 2009. More than 15 rail cars left the tracks, though none toppled. In November 2012, seven cars derailed while crossing the bridge. Of the four cars that fell into the creek, one was punctured, releasing 23,000 US gallons (87  m ; 19,000  imp gal ) of highly toxic vinyl chloride , which required an evacuation in

5037-466: Was ranked 14th in the state and was a 2.8% increase from the prior year. Rowan University in Glassboro is a public university that was founded in 1923 on a 25-acre (10 ha) site donated by the borough. Rowan College of South Jersey is the county college for Gloucester County. It was established in 1966 as Gloucester County College and opened to students two years later in 1968. Its main campus

5110-574: Was recorded in February 1934 and a record high of 106 °F (41 °C) was recorded in August 1918. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.75 inches (70 mm) in February to 4.35 inches (110 mm) in July. The county has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ). Average monthly temperatures in Newfield range from 33.0 °F in January to 76.6 °F in July. Swedesboro and Bridgeport were among

5183-656: Was the site of the American Revolutionary War 's Battle of Red Bank , where Fort Mercer once stood. It is now the site of Red Bank Battlefield Park in National Park. The remains of the Royal Navy 's HMS  Augusta were laid in Red Bank Battlefield Park until they were later moved to Gloucester City . During the colonial era , Gloucester County's main industry sector was agriculture. Woodbury

5256-476: Was the site of the county courthouse, the county jail, a Quaker meeting house that is still in existence, and an inn located on the current location of Woodbury Crossings. Due in part to the county's many creeks that lead to the Delaware River and Atlantic Ocean , smuggling was once common in the county. The county is named after the city of Gloucester and county of Gloucestershire in England. According to

5329-513: Was used in aerosol spray propellant . Vinyl chloride was briefly used as an inhalational anaesthetic , in a similar vein to ethyl chloride , though its toxicity forced this practice to be abandoned. Globally, approximately 40 million tonnes of PVC resin are produced per year, requiring a corresponding amount of vinyl chloride monomer. Vinyl chloride was first synthesized in 1835 by Justus von Liebig and his student Henri Victor Regnault . They obtained it by treating 1,2-dichloroethane with

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