19-657: The Pen Centre (originally Niagara Peninsula Shopping Centre ) is the largest shopping mall in the Niagara Region , located in St. Catharines , Ontario , Canada. The Pen Centre was built in 1957 as the Niagara Peninsula Centre, a single-level, outside strip mall anchored by Loblaws and 50 retail stores and opened in 1958. In 1966, the evolution of the Pen Centre included the addition of Simpsons-Sears and 80 new stores, making
38-851: A land area of 1,852.82 km (715.38 sq mi), it had a population density of 258.0/km (668.1/sq mi) in 2021. Religious profile (2021): The area has a higher concentration of human trafficking compared to other regions in Canada, with 3% of recorded incidents taking place within it. The Niagara Region's proximity to the border and large amounts of hotels are considered to be contributing factors to this issue. Niagara Region contains three airports used primarily for general aviation : Aside from scheduled commuter flights between Niagara District Airport and Toronto City with FlyGTA , for commercial flights Niagara residents use Toronto Pearson International Airport , Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , or John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport in
57-559: A store in the Pen Centre's former Zellers location in 2013. Just over a year later, in April 2015, Target shuttered all of its Canadian stores. Later in 2015, the location was sold to Walmart , which began construction on a newly revamped building in February 2018, and opened on August 22, 2019. Sears closed its store along with all other Canadian stores in January 2018. The former space occupied by Sears
76-497: A ten-screen movieplex, and several large format anchors. Famous Players opened the first SilverCity 8-screen multiplex cinema at that location on November 7, 1997. It is now owned by Landmark Cinemas . In 2011, the mall began a $ 13 million renovation of the common space, including 3,600 sq. ft. of new skylights, a new food court, and floors and ceiling treatments. The renovations were completed in 2012. The mall previously housed several large retailers: Target announced opening
95-532: Is bounded on the north by Lake Ontario and on the south by Lake Erie . Unique natural landscapes make the Niagara Region an important centre for agriculture and tourism in Canada. The most important agricultural enterprise in Niagara is viticulture , or winemaking. The Niagara Wine Route , which connects visitors to dozens of wineries, is a growing tourism draw while the internationally renowned Niagara Falls
114-804: Is one of Canada's major tourist attractions. Along with Shaw Festival , held annually in Niagara-on-the-Lake , and the Welland Canal , the Regional Municipality of Niagara receives up to 12 million visitors each year. Niagara Region is situated on treaty land. This land has a rich history of First Nations such as the Neutral , the Haudenosaunee , and the Anishinaabe , including the Mississaugas of
133-665: The Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area . VIA Rail serves Grimsby, St. Catharines and Niagara Falls stations as part of the Maple Leaf intercity train between Toronto and New York City, jointly operated with Amtrak . Many private bus operators operate intercity services to Niagara Region on routes connecting to cities such as Toronto, Buffalo and New York. As of 2023, private bus operators in Niagara Region include Flixbus , Megabus , Equinox, Greyhound , and Trailways . 400-series expressways: Other highways: Mississaugas of
152-520: The Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area ; as well as crossing the border to use Buffalo Niagara International Airport or Niagara Falls International Airport in Upstate New York . Public transit within Niagara Region is provided by Niagara Region Transit , including scheduled local bus service within Niagara Falls, St. Catharines, Thorold and Welland, on-demand transit service in other portions of
171-686: The Niagara Region or Region of Niagara , is a regional municipality comprising twelve municipalities of Southern Ontario , Canada. The regional seat is in Thorold . It is the southern end of the Golden Horseshoe , the largest megalopolis in Canada. The region occupies most of the Niagara Peninsula . Its eastern boundary is the Niagara River , which is also the border with the US state of New York . It
190-655: The 2,392.6 ha (5,912 acres) parcel of New Credit 40A Indian Reserve known as Reserve 40B near Hagersville, Ontario . This reserve is located beside the Six Nations of the Grand River , near Brantford . In the 19th century, under pressure from the rapid growth of the European-origin population, the Mississaugas wanted to move from their reserve in the present-day City of Mississauga . Unable to make an agreement with
209-607: The British during the American Revolutionary War , allowing their resettlement from their previous homeland in what had become New York State . The Six Nations is the only reserve in the Canadian system with a subsection reserve. The Mississaugas eventually purchased the land gifted as well as an additional 490 ha (1,200 acres) for a sum of $ 10,000.00 on June 15, 1903, for the all-time right of undisturbed use and occupancy of
SECTION 10
#1732886494990228-671: The Credit First Nation Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation ( Ojibwe : Mazina'iga-ziibing Misi-zaagiwininiwag , meaning: "Mississauga people at the Credit River " ) is a Mississaugas , an Ojibwe sub-group, First Nation located near Brantford in south-central Ontario , Canada. In April 2015, MCFN had an enrolled population of 2,330 people, 850 of whom lived on the MCFN Reserve. The first nation governs
247-440: The Credit First Nation . There are many First Nations, Métis, and Inuit people from across Turtle Island that continue to live and work in Niagara today. As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , the Regional Municipality of Niagara had a population of 477,941 living in 195,914 of its 207,926 total private dwellings, a change of 6.7% from its 2016 population of 447,888 . With
266-457: The Pen Centre the fourth largest shopping centre in Canada. The mall remained as an open strip, with landscaped walkways in between. By September 1975, the strip mall was enclosed and became a climate-controlled environment at the cost of $ 2 million. Located next to the Highway 406 , it has over one million square feet of floor space and features over 180 stores, a major department store, a supermarket,
285-626: The Region, and regional bus service between communities in the region. WEGO is an additional local bus network within Niagara Falls, targeted at visitors rather than residents. The WEGO Green Line is operated by the Niagara Parks Commission and requires separate WEGO tickets, while the remainder of WEGO routes are operated by Niagara Region Transit and accept both Niagara Region Transit and WEGO tickets. GO Transit provides regional train and bus services from Niagara Falls and St. Catharines to
304-447: The disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787. In 2010, Canada agreed to pay CA$ 145 million for the lands, based on the historic value of the land, extrapolated to current dollars. The money was distributed to the band government, with each of the 1,700 present day Mississaugas receiving $ 20,000, with the rest placed in trust for future generations. The Band put a controversial hold on new band membership during this time, ostensibly to preserve
323-555: The land. The reserve as it stands today consists of lots 1 to 12 in the first and second concessions in the Township of Tuscarora, in the County of Brant , and lots 1-12 in the first and second concessions in the Township of Oneida . In 1997, MCFN purchased an additional 24 ha (59 acres) bordering on Highway 6 , Hagersville. The First Nation made claims to land on which Toronto sits through
342-711: The provincial government of the time, the Mississaugas in 1848 accepted an offer from the Six Nations Confederacy of 1,900 ha (4,800 acres) of land inside their own property, as a compensation to the Mississaugas for their authorization for the British purchase of the land in 1784 for the establishment of the Six Nations Reserve. The reserve had been granted to the Six Nations by the Haldimand Proclamation in gratitude for their military alliance with
361-703: Was renovated into two large format stores Sport Chek which relocated from elsewhere in the mall (opening summer 2020) and Mark's (opening early 2021) as well as numerous smaller retail spaces. In addition, Trillium College opened in the basement of this space in November 2020. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic environment the remainder of these retail units remain vacant. 43°08′10″N 79°13′30″W / 43.136°N 79.225°W / 43.136; -79.225 Regional Municipality of Niagara The Regional Municipality of Niagara , also colloquially known as
#989010