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26-503: The organization officially dates its foundation as 28 October 1959 as the youth wing of the League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence party, which had been established by General Abdul Haris Nasution to promote the political interests of the Indonesian Army . This was shortly after President Sukarno's decree restoring the 1945 Constitution , which the military supported, and which

52-497: A constitutional assembly would produce a definitive document. It provided for a unicameral parliamentary form of government with a cabinet and prime minister held responsible to the parliament and for a President but with no real executive powers. With a total of 146 articles, the constitution was divided into six main sections: Key provisions included: In 1955 elections were held for the Constitutional Assembly , which

78-447: A fictitious list of names as evidence of the organization's readiness. Meanwhile, Pemuda Pancasila began expanding outside Jakarta. In Medan , Effendi Nasution, leader of a youth organization that made money from extortion and bodyguard services, became the local Pemuda Pancasila leader. It was in Medan that the organization took the dominant role in the killings of suspected communists after

104-542: A joint session of both parliaments would be held, at which the president would formally inaugurate the unitary state. This committee was formally established immediately after the 19 May agreement. It had 14 members, with seven appointed by each government. It was chaired jointly by the RUSI justice minister Soepomo and the Indonesian Republic's prime minister Abdul Halim. Hatta and Abdul Halim had previously agreed that all

130-413: The 1965 coup attempt , as described in the 2012 documentary The Act of Killing . In Jakarta, the organization focused more on stealing property belonging to communist organizations and taking over and buildings, some of which were subsequently sold. Currently Yapto Soerjosoemarno is the leader of this organization, and was one of the semi-official political gangster ( preman ) groups that supported

156-630: The 1971 legislative elections . It won less than one percent of the vote, and no legislative seats. In 1973 IPKI was fused into the Indonesian Democratic Party . In its 1994 congress, it decided to become a non-political mass organisation. On 12 September 1998, following the fall of the New Order , IPKI declared itself as a political party known as the League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence Party. Its aims included implementing and applying

182-609: The Federal Constitution of 1949 when Indonesia unilaterally withdrew from the union with the Netherlands agreed at the Round Table Conference and returned to being a unitary state . It came into force on 17 August 1950. It was abrogated on 5 July 1959 when President Sukarno issued a decree dissolving the Constitutional Assembly and restoring the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia . On 27 December 1949, following

208-608: The New Order military dictatorship of Suharto . In The Act of Killing , it is stated that the organization currently has three million members. National membership estimates from the late 1990s ranged from four to ten million people. In May 2020, the Bekasi chapter of the Pancasila Youth mailed out letters to prominent local businesspeople asking for Tunjangan Hari Raya in exchange for "peace and security". The Bekasi Police demanded

234-588: The Second Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet , but in December 1956 the party withdrew him in protest at the inability of the government to deal with a series of regional rebellions led by disaffected army personnel, which would eventually lead to the PRRI Rebellion . The party also called for the cabinet to resign and be replaced by one led by former vice-president Mohammad Hatta . These rebellions caused

260-669: The Assembly was unable to do so. In June, IPKI formed the "Front for the Defence of Pancasila" from 17 small parties and began a boycott of the Assembly. It subsequently managed to persuade the Indonesian National Party (PNI) and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) to join the boycott, which meant the Assembly could no longer function. On 5 July 1959, President Sukarno reimposed the 1945 Constitution by decree , and also dissolved

286-666: The Constitutional Assembly. On 5 March 1960, Sukarno suspended the legislature and announced he would appoint a body to replace it, which would be known as the People's Representative Council of Mutual Assistance ( Indonesian : Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Gotong Royong , DPR–GR). This body would not include the smaller parties, and in any case, IPKI would no longer be necessary since the Army would be given seats of their own. However, Nasution managed to persuade Sukarno not to ban IPKI, and it

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312-525: The Pemuda Pancasila was to "back up". There is some ambiguity as to the actual founding date, and it is possible that 28 October was decided on retrospectively as it is the anniversary of the 1928 Youth Pledge . Simon Petrus "Spego" Goni became the organization's chairman in 1961 In 1962, he proposed sending Pemuda Pancasila members to fight for "liberation" of Netherlands New Guinea in support of Indonesia's military campaign, Operation Trikora , supplying

338-405: The RUSI and the states of East Indonesia and East Sumatra) and the prime minister of the (constituent) Republic of Indonesia Abdul Halim agreed on a Joint RUSI-Republic of Indonesia Charter, which contained the following points: The two governments further agreed that this provisional constitution would be submitted to both states' parliaments for approval (but not amendment). If that was obtained,

364-485: The cabinet to collapse, and be replaced by the Working Cabinet , in which Azis Saleh served as minister of health. Meanwhile, the Constitutional Assembly , formed to draft a permanent constitution, became bogged down over the issue of the role of Islam . By 1959, IPKI was publicly calling for a return to the original 1945 Constitution, and at a conference that year, asked President Sukarno to reimpose it by decree if

390-551: The capital of the state and that the nation would be divided into 10 provinces and two special regions (Greater Jakarta and Yogyakarta ). After two months of deliberations, the committee agreed on a draft constitution, which after some minor changes, was approved by both governments on 20 July. Both parliaments approved it on 14 August, three days ahead of the Independence Day anniversary deadline. Like its predecessor, this constitution would be provisional and would stipulate that

416-465: The chapter retract the letter. League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence The League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence ( Indonesian : Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia , IPKI ) was a right-wing nationalist political party in Indonesia established by former Army head General Abdul Haris Nasution as a vehicle for the Indonesian Army to enter the realm of politics. It

442-496: The handover of sovereignty from the Netherlands to the United States of Indonesia (RUSI), the Federal Constitution of 1949 replaced the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia . However over the next few months, there appeared a groundswell of public opinion for a return to a unitary state. By early May 1950, this had become the major priority for the RUSI cabinet led by Prime Minister Mohammad Hatta . On 19 May 1950, Hatta (representing

468-599: The members of the People's Representative Council or Constitutional Assembly . in the legislative election elections, the party put forward 167 candidates in 11 of the 16 electoral districts, but won only 1.4% of the vote, giving it four of the 167 seats in the People's Representative Council . The vast majority of its vote, 81.7%, came from West Java because of support from the Siliwangi Division . IPKI representative Dahlan Ibrahim served as minister for veteran affairs in

494-595: The members of the RUSI House of Representatives as well as the republic's legislature would be members of the unicameral parliament, with other members to be appointed by the president. The committee eventually decided that in addition, the members of the RUSI senate and the Supreme Advisory Council of the Republic would also be members, resulting in a 236-member house. The committee also decided that Jakarta would be

520-477: The outer (non-Javanese) islands. Although Nasution blamed the political parties for the state of the nation, he said that he did not want a military takeover. He also claimed that the Indonesian Constitution in force at the time was "too western". However, the cabinet saw IPKI as a threat, and tried to shackle it by demanding that Army officers resign if they intended to stand in the 1955 elections for

546-488: The state philosophy of Pancasila in daily life in order to realise national aims. The party program called for putting sovereignty back in the hands of the people, limiting the presidency to two terms and striving for regional autonomy. It supported the continuation of a social-political role for the Indonesian armed forces and for the president to be elected by the People's Consultative Assembly . The party won 0.22 percent of

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572-687: The support of the Yogyakarta sultanate. The party proposed a return to the spirit of the Proclamation of Independence and the 1945 Constitution as the way out of the political and economic problems that Indonesia had faced since independence. It also called for an end to corruption and for the "liberation of West Irian ", still administered by the Dutch at the time. The party targeted military personnel and their families, and veterans, particularly in West Java and

598-573: The vote, giving it one seat in the People's Representative Council . As it did not win enough votes in this election to take part in the 2004 vote , along with seven other parties, it merged into the Indonesian Unity Party . Provisional Constitution of 1950 [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Provisional Constitution of 1950 ( Indonesian : Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara Republik Indonesia 1950 , UUDS 1950 ) replaced

624-474: Was influential in persuading President Sukarno to introduce Guided Democracy in Indonesia and return to the 1945 Constitution . Two years after his dismissal as Army Chief of Staff following the show of force known as the 17 October 1952 incident, General Abdul Haris Nasution established IPKI as an "army front organization" along with other military figures such as Gatot Soebroto and Azis Saleh , and with

650-529: Was subsequently given seats. As the Guided Democracy period continued, IPKI began to oppose Sukarno, and by the end of 1966 it joined the chorus of parties calling for a new political order. Five years after the 30 September Movement coup attempt that led to Sukarno's downfall and the start of the New Order regime, IPKI was one of nine parties that together with the Suharto regime vehicle Golkar contested

676-425: Was tasked with drawing up a permanent constitution. However, after much wrangling, it failed to agree, with the principal issue being the role of Islam in the new state. In July 1958, army chief-of-staff Abdul Haris Nasution suggested returning to the 1945 Constitution. The army organised demonstrations in favour of this, and the idea gained popularity with a number of political parties. After it had failed to obtain

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