Misplaced Pages

#769230

48-539: Pegasus is the creator of Hippocrene , the fountain on Mount Helicon . He was captured by the Greek hero Bellerophon , near the fountain Peirene , with the help of Athena and Poseidon. Pegasus allowed Bellerophon to ride him in order to defeat the monster Chimera , which led to many more exploits. Bellerophon later fell from Pegasus's back while trying to reach Mount Olympus . Both Pegasus and Bellerophon were said to have died at

96-578: A constellation, a single feather fell to Earth near the city of Tarsus . The pegasus became a common element in British heraldry, appearing chiefly as a supporter or a crest . Pegasi may also appear upon escutcheons , although this is rare. A pegasus rampant is featured on the arms of the Inner Temple , while those of the Richardson family contain a rare depiction of a pegasus sejant. During World War II ,

144-600: A golden bridle. The next morning, still clutching the bridle, Bellerophon found Pegasus drinking at the Pierian spring, caught him, and eventually tamed him. Michaud's Biographie universelle relates that when Pegasus was born, he flew to where thunder and lightning are released. Then, according to certain versions of the myth, Athena tamed him and gave him to Perseus, who flew to Ethiopia to help Andromeda . After Bellerophon fell off Pegasus while trying to reach Olympus, Pegasus and Athena left him and continued to Olympus where he

192-702: Is a spring on Mount Helicon . It was sacred to the Muses and was said to have formed when the winged horse Pegasus struck his hoof into the ground, whence its name which literally translates as "Steed/Horse's Fountain". The water was supposed to bring forth poetic inspiration when imbibed. Hesiod refers to the horse's well on Helicon in his Theogony . And after they have washed their tender skin in Permessus or Hippocrene or holy Olmeidus , they perform choral dances on highest Helicon , beautiful, lovely ones, and move nimbly with their feet. Petrarch refers to

240-501: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Aethiopia Ancient Aethiopia , ( Greek : Αἰθιοπία , romanized :  Aithiopía ) first appears as a geographical term in classical documents in reference to skin color of inhabitants in upper Nile of northern Sudan , areas south of the Sahara , and certain areas in Asia. Its earliest mention is in the works of Homer : twice in

288-490: Is a low-cost airline headquartered in the Kurtköy area of Pendik, Istanbul , Turkey . Mobil Oil has had a Pegasus as its company logo since its affiliation with Magnolia Petroleum Company in the 1930s. TriStar Pictures famously uses a winged horse in their logo. Hippocrene In Greek mythology , Hippocrene / h ɪ p ə ˈ k r iː n iː / ( Ancient Greek : Ἵππου κρήνη or Ἱπποκρήνη or Ἱππουκρήνη )

336-606: Is also said to have written a book about 'Aethiopia,' but his writing is now known only through quotations from later authors. He stated that 'Aethiopia' was located to the east of the Nile , as far as the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. He is also quoted as relating a myth in which the Skiapods ('Shade feet'), whose feet were supposedly large enough to serve as shade, lived there. In his Histories ( c.  440 BC ), Herodotus presents some of

384-669: Is away in Aithiopia and unable to object. Hesiod ( c.  8th century BC ) speaks of Memnon as the "King of the Aethiopians." In The Catalogues of Women , he stated that the Egyptian king Epaphus was the progenitor of the Aethiopians and other dark-skinned tribes of Libya . He wrote: The Sons of Boreas pursued the Harpies to the lands of the Massagetae and of the proud Half-Dog men, of

432-458: Is obtained in great plenty, huge elephants abound, with wild trees of all sorts, and ebony ; and the men are taller, handsomer, and longer lived than anywhere else. Herodotus also wrote that the Ammonians of Siwa Oasis are "colonists from Egypt and Aethiopia and speak a language compounded of the tongues of both countries". Herodotus also refers to "the Aethiopians of Asia" (or "Ethiopians of

480-529: The Iliad , and three times in the Odyssey . The Greek historian Herodotus uses the appellation to refer to regions south of Egypt when describing "Aethiopians," indicating Nubia , not the modern nation of Ethiopia . The Greek name Aithiopia ( Αἰθιοπία , from Αἰθίοψ , Aithíops ) is a compound derived of two Greek words: αἴθω , aíthō , 'I burn' + ὤψ , ṓps , 'face'. According to

528-584: The Indus Valley and that there were no people in the region by that name prior to their arrival. Physiognomonics , a Greek treatise traditionally attributed to Aristotle , but now of disputed ownership made an observation on the physical nature of the Egyptians and Ethiopians with the view that "Those who are too black are cowards, like for the instance, the Egyptians and Ethopians" The Greek travelogue from

SECTION 10

#1732868942770

576-514: The Perseus Project , this designation properly translates in noun form as burnt-face and in adjectival form as red-brown . As such, it was used as a vague term for darker skinned populations than the Greeks since the time of Homer . The term was applied to such peoples within the range of observation of the ancient geographers , primarily in what was then Nubia (in ancient Sudan ). With

624-486: The "second Ethiopia" because of its 'black-skinned' population. Stephanus of Byzantium , from the 6th-century AD, had written that "Ethiopia was the first established country on earth; and the Ethiopians were the first to set up the worship of the gods and to establish laws." Manilius, a Roman poet wrote in his Astronomicon "The Ethiopians stain the world and depict a race of men steeped in darkness; less sun-burnt are

672-568: The 1st-century AD that "The appearance of the inhabitants is also not very different in India and Ethiopia: the southern Indians are rather more like Ethiopians as they are black to look on, and their hair is black; only they are not so snub-nosed or woolly-haired as the Ethiopians; the northern Indians are most like the Egyptians physically". Also the Roman Christian historian and theologian Saint Jerome along with Sophronius referred to Colchis as

720-616: The 1st-century AD, known as the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea , initially describes the littoral , based on its author's intimate knowledge of the area. However, the Periplus does not mention any dark-skinned "Ethiopians" among the area's inhabitants. They only later appear in Ptolemy 's Geographia in a region far south, around the " Bantu nucleus" of northern Mozambique . Arrian , wrote in

768-659: The Airborne Forces when they adopted the famous maroon beret in Summer 1942. The beret was the origin of the German nickname for British airborne troops, the Red Devils . Today's Parachute Regiment carries on the maroon beret tradition. The selection process for the elite Parachute Regiment is called Pegasus Company (often abbreviated to "P Company"). In 2015 it was announced that the units of 16 Air Assault Brigade would once again use

816-462: The Colchians remembered the Egyptians better than the Egyptians remembered the Colchians; the Egyptians said that they held the Colchians to be part of Sesostris' army. I myself guessed it to be so, partly because they are dark-skinned and woolly-haired; though that indeed goes for nothing, seeing that other peoples, too, are such; but my better proof was that the Colchians and Egyptians and Ethiopians are

864-503: The East"), who are said to be straight-haired, whereas the Aethiopians from Libya (Africa) have "the woolliest hair of all men". Herodotus wrote with regard to the inhabitants of Libya: "One thing I can add about this far country [Libya]: so far as one knows, it is inhabited by four races, and four only, of which two are indigenous and two not. The indigenous peoples are the Libyans and Ethiopians,

912-558: The Egyptians, in order that we may omit nothing in our discussion of their antiquities". Achilles Tatius described the complexion of the Egyptian herdsmen near Alexandria as "dark-coloured (yet not absolutely black like an Indian but more like a bastard Ethiopian)". With regard to the Ethiopians, Strabo indicates that they looked similar to Indians , remarking "those who are in Asia (South India), and those who are in Africa, do not differ from each other." Pliny in turn asserts that

960-573: The German occupation of Italy also had a Pegasus as its emblem. The winged horse is still featured on the Tuscan flag and coat of arms. The winged horse has provided an instantly recognizable corporate logo or emblem of inspiration. Ecuador launched its weather satellite, named Pegaso ( pronounced [peˈɣaso] , Pegasus in Spanish), on 26 April 2013 but it was damaged by Russian space debris. Pegasus Airlines (Turkish: Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş.)

1008-636: The Nubian Kushite Empire which formed the 25th Dynasty. Moreover, when the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek (c. 200 BC), the Hebrew appellation "Kush, Kushite" became in Greek "Aethiopia, Aethiopians", appearing as "Ethiopia, Ethiopians" in the English King James Version . Agatharchides provides a relatively detailed description of the gold mining system of Aethiopia. His text

SECTION 20

#1732868942770

1056-630: The Pegasus insignia after a 15-year hiatus. During the airborne phase of the Normandy invasion on the night of 5–6 June 1944, British 6th Airborne Division captured all its key objectives in advance of the seaborne assault, including the capture and holding at all costs of a vital bridge over the Caen Canal , near Ouistreham . In memory of their tenacity, the bridge has been known ever since as Pegasus Bridge . The Tuscan National Liberation Committee during

1104-476: The Underground-folk and of the feeble Pygmies; and to the tribes of the boundless Black-skins and the Libyans. Huge Earth bare these to Epaphus -- soothsaying people, knowing seercraft by the will of Zeus the lord of oracles, but deceivers, to the end that men whose thought passes their utterance might be subject to the gods and suffer harm -- Aethiopians and Libyans and mare-milking Scythians. For verily Epaphus

1152-467: The birth of Aphrodite from the foam created when the severed genitals of Uranus were cast into the sea by Cronus . Pegasus aided the hero Bellerophon in his fight against the Chimera . There are varying tales about how Bellerophon found Pegasus; the most common being that the hero was told by Polyeidos to sleep in the temple of Athena , where the goddess visited him in the night and presented him with

1200-635: The blood issuing from Medusa's neck as Perseus was beheading her, similar to the manner in which Athena was born from the head of Zeus after he swallowed her pregnant mother. In another version, when Perseus beheaded Medusa, the brothers were born of the Earth, when the Gorgon's blood fell upon her. A variation of this story holds that they were formed from the mingling of Medusa's blood, pain, and sea foam, implying that Poseidon had involvement in their making. The last version bears resemblance to Hesiod 's account of

1248-609: The blushful Hippocrene , With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, And purple-stained mouth; That I might drink, and leave the world unseen, And with thee fade away into the forest dim: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow mentions the fountain in his poem "Goblet of Life": No purple flowers,—no garlands green, Conceal the goblet's shade or sheen, Nor maddening draughts of Hippocrene , Like gleams of sunshine, flash between Thick leaves of mistletoe. [REDACTED] Media related to Hippocrene source at Wikimedia Commons This article relating to Greek mythology

1296-507: The east and west extremities of the world, divided by the sea into "eastern" (at the sunrise) and "western" (at the sunset). In Book 1 of the Iliad , Thetis visits Olympus to meet Zeus , but the meeting is postponed, as Zeus and other gods are absent, visiting the land of the Aethiopians. And in Book 1 of the Odyssey, Athena convinces Zeus to let Odysseus finally return home only because Poseidon

1344-569: The expansion of geographical knowledge, the exonym successively extended to certain other areas below the Sahara. In classical antiquity, the term Africa did not refer to any part of sub-Saharan Africa, but in its widest sense to instead to Ancient Libya —what is now known as the Maghreb and the desert to the south. Homer ( c.  8th century BC ) is the first to mention "Aethiopians" ( Αἰθίοπες , Αἰθιοπῆες ), writing that they are to be found at

1392-515: The former occupying the northerly, the latter the more southerly parts; the immigrants are the Phoenicians and Greeks." The Egyptian priest Manetho ( c.  300 BC ) listed Kushite (25th) dynasty, calling it the "Aethiopian dynasty," and Esarhaddon the early 7th century BC ruler of the Neo-Assyrian Empire describes deporting all "Aethiopians" from Egypt upon conquering Egypt from

1440-442: The fountain of Helicon in his epic poem Africa : Sisters who are my sweet care, If I sing to you of wonders, I pray that it be granted to me To drink again at the fountain of Helicon . Camoens cites the fountain as a great source of poetic inspiration in his epic Portuguese poem The Lusiads , as translated: And you, my Tagian Nymphs , oh, since my rhyme With ardent genius new you now inspire, If I

1488-527: The hands of Zeus for trying to reach Olympus. Other tales have Zeus bring Pegasus to Olympus to carry his thunderbolts. Long honored as a constellation , Pegasus is a subject of very rich iconography, especially through ancient Greek pottery as well as paintings and sculptures of the Renaissance. The poet Hesiod presents a folk etymology of the name Pegasus as derived from πηγή pēgē 'spring, well', referring to "the pegai of Okeanos , where he

Pegasus - Misplaced Pages Continue

1536-529: The insignia was designed by famous English novelist Daphne du Maurier , who was wife of the commander of the 1st Airborne Division (and later the expanded British Airborne Forces), General Frederick "Boy" Browning . According to the British Army Website, the insignia was designed by the celebrated East Anglian painter Major Edward Seago in May 1942. The maroon background on the insignia was later used again by

1584-439: The most ancient and detailed information about "Aethiopia". He relates that he personally traveled up the Nile to the border of Egypt as far as Elephantine (modern Aswan ). In his view, "Aethiopia" is all of the inhabited land found to the south of Egypt, beginning at Elephantine. He describes a capital at Meroë , adding that the only deities worshipped there were Zeus ( Amun ) and Dionysus ( Osiris ). He relates that in

1632-471: The natives of India; the land of Egypt, flooded by the Nile, darkens bodies more mildly owing to the inundation of its fields: it is a country nearer to us and its moderate climate imparts a medium tone." Philostratus (c. 170 – c. 245 AD) had written in his journeys and life of Apollonios of Tyana , he had at one point arrived at "the crossing point between Ethiopia and Egypt, which is called Kaminos", where at

1680-500: The only nations that have from the first practised circumcision”. Herodotus further states that that out of "three hundred and thirty kings" of Egypt, there had been 18 Ethiopian kings, one native Egyptian queen, and the rest had been Egyptian men. Herodotus tells us that king Cambyses II ( c.  570 BC ) of the Achaemenid Empire sent spies to the Aethiopians "who dwelt in that part of Libya (Africa) which borders upon

1728-566: The place-name "Aethiopia" was derived from one "Aethiop, a son of Vulcan " (the Greek god Hephaestus ). He also writes that the "Queen of the Ethiopians" bore the title Kandake , and avers (incorrectly) that the Ethiopians had conquered ancient Syria and the Mediterranean . Following Strabo, the Greco-Roman historian Eusebius claims that the Ethiopians had emigrated into the Red Sea area from

1776-424: The reign of Pharaoh Psamtik I ( c.  650 BCE ), many Egyptian soldiers deserted their country and settled amidst the Aethiopians. Herodotus also remarked on shared cultural practices between the Egyptians and Ethiopians: For it is plain to see that Colchians are Egyptians; and this that I say I myself noted before I heard it from others. When I began to think on this matter, I inquired of both peoples; and

1824-482: The silhouetted image of Bellerophon the warrior, mounted on the winged Pegasus, was adopted by the United Kingdom 's newly raised parachute troops in 1941 as their upper sleeve insignia. The image clearly symbolized a warrior arriving at a battle by air, the same tactics used by paratroopers . The square upper-sleeve insignia comprised Bellerophon/Pegasus in light blue on a maroon background. One source suggests that

1872-453: The southern sea." They found a strong and healthy people. Although Cambyses then campaigned toward their country, by not preparing enough provisions for the long march, his army completely failed and returned quickly. In Book 3, Herodotus defines "Aethiopia" as the farthest region of "Libya" (i.e. Africa): Where the south declines towards the setting sun lies the country called Aethiopia, the last inhabited land in that direction. There gold

1920-528: The winged horse struck his hoof to the earth, an inspiring water spring burst forth. One of these springs was upon the Muses ' Mount Helicon , the Hippocrene ("horse spring"). Antoninus Liberalis has suggested, that it was opened at the behest of Poseidon to prevent the mountain from swelling with rapture at the song of the Muses. Another spring associated with Pegasus was at Troezen . Hesiod relates how Pegasus

1968-576: Was born". A proposed etymology of the name is Luwian pihassas 'lightning', and Pihassassi , a local Luwian- Hittite name in southern Cilicia of a weather deity associated with thunder and lightning. The proponents of this etymology adduce the role of Pegasus, reported as early as Hesiod , as the bringer of thunderbolts to Zeus. That interpretation was first suggested in 1952 and remains widely accepted, but Robin Lane Fox (2009) has criticized it as implausible. According to early myths, everywhere

Pegasus - Misplaced Pages Continue

2016-528: Was brought into Egypt by Osiris". He recounted this story that attributes the origins of Egyptian civilization to migrants from the south, which in this context corresponds to the Kingdom of Kush . Diodorus Siculus also discussed the similar cultural practices between the Ethiopians and Egyptians such as the writing systems as he states "We must now speak about the Ethiopian writing which is called hieroglyphic among

2064-439: Was copied almost verbatim by virtually all subsequent ancient writers on the area, including Diodorus Siculus and Photius . Diodorus Siculus in his work Bibliotheca Historica , reported that the Ethiopians claimed that Egypt was an early colony, and that the Ethiopians also cited evidence that they were more ancient than the Egyptians as he wrote: "The Ethiopians say that the Egyptians are one of their colonies which

2112-415: Was peacefully drinking from a spring when the hero Bellerophon captured him. Hesiod wrote that Pegasus carried thunderbolts for Zeus . There are several versions of the birth of the winged stallion and his brother Chrysaor in the far distant place at the edge of Earth, Hesiod's "springs of Oceanus", which encircles the inhabited earth, where Perseus found Medusa : One is that they sprang from

2160-427: Was stabled with other steeds belonging to Zeus , and was given the task of carrying Zeus ' thunderbolts, along with other members of his entourage, his attendants / handmaidens / shield bearers / shieldmaidens , Astrape and Bronte . Because of his years of faithful service to Zeus, Pegasus was later honoured with transformation into a constellation . On the day of his catasterism , when Zeus transformed him into

2208-561: Was talking about the Nubian 25th Dynasty rather than people from modern Ethiopia. In 515 BC, Scylax of Caryanda , on orders from Darius I of the Achaemenid Empire , sailed along the Indus River , Indian Ocean , and Red Sea , circumnavigating the Arabian Peninsula . He mentioned "Aethiopians", though his writings on them have not survived. Hecataeus of Miletus ( c.  500 BC )

2256-518: Was the child of the almighty Son of Cronos, and from him sprang the dark Libyans, and high-souled Aethiopians, and the Underground-folk and feeble Pygmies. All these are the offspring of the lord, the Loud-thunderer. The Assyrian king Esarhaddon when conquering Egypt and destroying the Kushite Empire states how he "deported all 'Aethiopians' from Egypt, leaving not one to pay homage to me". He

2304-401: Was wont, well pleased, in former time To celebrate your stream with humble lyre, Oh, grant me now a lofty note sublime, A grand and glowing line of poet's fire, That of your waters Phoebus may ordain: They shall not envy those of Hippocrene . John Keats refers to Hippocrene in his poem " Ode to a Nightingale ". O for a beaker full of the warm South Full of the true,

#769230