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61-594: These studies emerged due to an initial aim of developing a national policy in the United States regarding the regulation of motion pictures. At the time of these studies, the mass media only included recorded music, the radio, the press and the movies. In post World War One America, educators and government officials were becoming increasingly concerned about the role that movies played on children's behaviour. Academics began to ask questions such as whether people were susceptible to persuasion by modern communications or whether

122-485: A CIA operative. Wilson was a prominent critic of the administration. The decision to compel the reporters to reveal sources was seen in the news media as a license to go after reporters and newspapers in the courtroom for not revealing confidential informants. It was considered a violation of the trust between reporter and said informants. Clifton was vilified in the news media as "having no backbone" and he admitted that people could refer to him as "chickenshit". Clifton told

183-681: A buyout offer and then 23 more were fired. In 2009, employees agreed to accept a 12% pay cut in exchange for a two-year no-layoff agreement. In December 2012, members of the Newspaper Guild reported that The Plain Dealer management had told them that, after the January 2013 expiration of a no-layoff provision in the union's contract, it planned to eliminate about one-third of the newspaper's staff and cut 58 of 168 union positions. Later in December 2012,

244-601: A complaint with the NLRB which it settled in August 2014. The Plain Dealer announced plans to lay off a third of its remaining unionized staff in December 2018 as part of a transition to a "centralized production system". In March 2019, the paper laid off twelve (or fourteen) editors and reporters, and also outsourced its production, dropping another 24 jobs. Eight veteran reporters volunteered to take buyouts to spare others losing their jobs. Cleveland.com editor Chris Quinn blamed

305-599: A foundation which was dedicated to youth welfare, which is what led to this fund financing the Payne Fund Studies. During the progress of these studies, Charters developed a formula which was intended to determine the total influence of movies on children: General Influence x Content x Attendance = Total Influence There were a wide variety of research methods used in these studies, including questionnaires, unstructured interviews, content analysis, autobiographies, physiological measurement and standardised tests. One of

366-599: A hole the exact width and depth of a coffin" in a piece asserting that the narrative regarding Rice's parents' criminal histories "is absent any context whatsoever". NEOMG's handling of the situation was condemned on a national scale by the Huffington Post, as well as internally by Plain Dealer staffers. In the presidential election of 1864 , the paper was strongly opposed to the reelection of Abraham Lincoln . An editorial dated 5 November asked rhetorically, "Do you want four more years of war? Vote for Lincoln. Do you want

427-412: A print newspaper only, not a digital edition. Content from each is cross-posted on the other site. Cleveland.com is described by its owners as "the premier news and information website in the state of Ohio". Though it is under the same ownership as The Plain Dealer , cleveland.com was operated by a separate company and had separate staff and offices. The corporate structure underpinning these changes

488-492: A print newspaper to online delivery of news, as Advance had done when it ended daily delivery of the New Orleans Times-Picayune . Another way that the formation of NEOMG has been viewed is as a strategy to weaken, and ultimately kill, a labor union , by moving tasks from the unionized Plain Dealer staff to the non-unionized staff at cleveland.com. The division of The Plain Dealer into two separate companies,

549-574: A short period of time. Blumer also concluded that "motion pictures are a genuine education institution that could prompt the young toward good or ill." Another study in the Payne Fund Studies aimed to investigate how children's behaviour and attitudes were shaped by all exposure to the movies. They concluded that children who watched more movies on average performed worse in school work, were rated lower by their teachers, behaved less cooperatively, more deceptively, with less emotional stability and with lower levels of self-control. Additionally, one study in

610-531: A staff of four union journalists: investigative journalist John Caniglia, travel editor Susan Glaser, art critic Steven Litt, and sports columnist Terry Pluto . On May 12, 2020, it was announced that the final four union journalists would be laid off and offered positions in the non-union cleveland.com newsroom. Under an agreement with the Northeast Ohio Newspaper Guild, the guild would be barred from participating in union organizing activities in

671-408: A unionized, print organization and a non-union, online organization, was dubbed a "transparent union-busting schism scheme" by Cleveland Scene an alternative weekly Cleveland newspaper. The labor union representing Plain Dealer employees was called, from its founding in 1933 until its closure in 2020 as a result of these changes, Newspaper Guild Local 1, because it was the first local chapter of

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732-656: A website that analyzes political issues relevant to Ohio and the greater Cleveland area. It also conducted fact-checking and was produced in conjunction with its creator, the Tampa Bay Times . Four years later, the relationship was ended. Although the operation had generated criticism, the decision to drop it was attributed instead to a desire to keep all content on cleveland.com rather than the separate PolitiFact Ohio site, which remains available as an archive. The copy rates are $ 3 for daily or $ 5 on Sunday/Thanksgiving Day at newsstands/newsracks. The full subscription weekly price

793-483: A week to four: Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. It continued to publish an edition seven days a week that is available in electronic form at cleveland.com, and in print at stores, newsracks and newsstands. Subscribers to the four print editions have access to the digital edition seven days a week. (Plans announced in April 2013 had called for a reduction to three days of delivery by August 2013, but Saturday delivery

854-503: Is $ 4.65. These prices only apply to The Plain Dealer' s home delivery area, which are the Northeast Ohio counties of Cuyahoga , Lake , Geauga , Portage , Erie , Ottawa , Summit , Ashtabula , Medina , and Lorain . The Plain Dealer is available throughout the state at select newsstands including in the state capital, Columbus , and anywhere in the U.S. or world via U.S. mail service; prices are higher by mail. In October 2014,

915-508: Is a major national newspaper. In the fall of 2019 it ranked 23rd in U.S. newspaper circulation , a significant drop since March 2013, when its circulation ranked 17th daily and 15th on Sunday. As of May 2019 , The Plain Dealer had 94,838 daily readers and 171,404 readers on Sunday. The Plain Dealer ' s media market , the Cleveland-Akron Designated Market Area, has a population of 3.8 million people making it

976-570: The Cleveland News and The Cleveland Press , closed in 1960 and 1982 respectively. However, since 2015, a number of nonprofit news outlets have begun reporting including the Cleveland Observer, Cleveland Documenters, The Land, and Signal Cleveland. Cleveland.com which was launched by Advance Publications in 1997, is the sister company of The Plain Dealer . Cleveland.com has only an online presence, while The Plain Dealer provides

1037-552: The 19th-largest market in the United States. In August 2013, The Plain Dealer reduced home delivery to four days a week, including Sunday. A daily version of The Plain Dealer is available electronically as well as in print at stores, newsracks and newsstands. The newspaper was established in January 1842 when two brothers, Joseph William Gray and Admiral Nelson Gray, took over The Cleveland Advertiser and changed its name to The Plain Dealer . The Cleveland Advertiser had been published from 1831 to 1841. Some sources attribute

1098-561: The Boston American and New York's Daily News , Daily Mirror , and Evening Post all lambasted the studies. This article related to film or motion picture terminology is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This psychology -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . The Plain Dealer The Plain Dealer is the major newspaper of Cleveland , Ohio ; it

1159-511: The Cleveland paper, "I think that by all odds, the Plain Dealer has the best newspaper name of any in the world." Although its first edition in 1842 was captioned simply "The Plain Dealer", the name on the newspaper's masthead included "Cleveland" for much of its history, and dropped the city name sometime between 1965 and 1970. Joseph William Gray owned (initially with his brother) and edited

1220-538: The Constitution destroyed? Vote for Lincoln... Do you want the degraded Negros made your social and political equals? Vote for Lincoln." The Plain Dealer has been criticized in the past by liberal columnists for staking out generally conservative positions on its editorial page, despite serving a predominantly Democratic readership base. In 2004, the editorial board voted to endorse Democratic U.S. Senator John Kerry ; after publisher Alex Machaskee overruled it, ordering

1281-466: The Guild that management had misled the union by cutting more employees than had been agreed upon in the 2012 agreement, specifically by reneging on a promise to keep at least 110 union jobs in the newsroom. This concern was heightened when, within 24 hours after the layoffs, NEOMG hired away from The Plain Dealer thirteen of those who were not laid off, leaving 97 employees in the newsroom. The union filed

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1342-491: The Holden trustees, including Vail, sold the Plain Dealer to Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr. 's newspaper chain for $ 54.2 million, then the highest price ever paid for a U.S. newspaper. Advance Publications Inc. , a New York-based media company owned by Newhouse's heirs, continues to own the Plain Dealer. The Plain Dealer has been the sole major newspaper for Cleveland and Northeast Ohio since its two main 20th-century competitors,

1403-622: The Interstate Commerce Committee of the House. Additionally, William Rowland used the Payne Fund Studies as a precursor to introduce later governmental studies examining the effects of television on children's violent behaviour. Newspapers including Cleveland's The Plain Dealer , New Orleans Times Picayune , Chicago Daily News , Atlanta Journal , Saint Paul Dispatch , the Philadelphia Record and Public Ledger ,

1464-533: The News Guild, addressed Quinn's remarks, saying "we are baffled how print circulation can be blamed for buyouts at a digital company that we've been told again and again over five years is a separate entity from the Plain Dealer." On March 3, 2020, The Plain Dealer announced that 22 more journalists would be laid off. Their departures were delayed by two weeks, however, because of the COVID-19 pandemic , leading to what

1525-520: The Northeast Ohio Media Group hosted the three Ohio candidates for governor in what would be their only joint appearance. The debate was held before the NEOMG's editorial board (which also serves as the editorial board of The Plain Dealer ) and NEOMG reporters. Incumbent Gov. John Kasich , a Republican, largely ignored his main rival, Democrat Ed FitzGerald . Kasich refused to admit he could hear

1586-527: The Payne Fund Studies explored how movies could affect the socialisation process of a young child. Specifically, they looked at the development of views about nationality, race, war and the punishment of criminals. This study concluded that "motion pictures have definite, lasting effects on the social attitudes of children." One final study in the Payne Fund Studies argued that additional factors such as those that are social, familial, situational and individual differences should be taken into account when assessing

1647-476: The Plain Dealer Publishing Company provide content to The Plain Dealer and cleveland.com. One way that contemporary observers viewed the 2013 establishment of NEOMG, in conjunction with the termination of daily home delivery and personnel cuts of the same year, was as implementation by The Plain Dealer' s owner, Advance Publications, of a strategy to change its business from daily delivery of

1708-415: The board to write an endorsement of Republican George W. Bush , editorial page editor Brent Larkin persuaded Machaskee to withhold any endorsement. The news coverage is generally more neutral, with national and international news often culled from wire services including The New York Times . The paper had been criticized as being too soft in its coverage of Senator George Voinovich from Ohio. It also

1769-532: The cleveland.com newsroom for one year. The same day, after three months of serving as Plain Dealer editor and overseeing this period of layoffs, Tim Warsinskey announced that he would be starting in a new role as the senior editor for Advance Local, the parent company of cleveland.com on June 1, 2020. These layoffs were the culmination of a drop over 20 years in membership in the United States' first News Guild (Local 1 of that union) from 340 members to zero. In July 2010, The Plain Dealer launched PolitiFact Ohio,

1830-434: The cleveland.com site a black-and-yellow color scheme, "until someone informed them those are Steelers colors". Since the late 20th century, like other media business organizations, the newspaper has faced reductions in circulation and revenue; it has undergone restructuring and layoffs. The paper's circulation declined from the 1980s through about the first decade of the twenty-first century, then dropped precipitously in

1891-431: The criminal backgrounds of Rice's parents in a follow-up piece, pointing out that Rice was playing with a toy gun that officers mistook for a real one at the time of the shooting. As a result, Quinn noted, many people asserted that the shooting was justified. "One of the questions these people raise is why a 12-year-old was walking about in a public place, randomly aiming what looks like a real gun in various directions, to

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1952-506: The current spelling of the city name to The Cleveland Advertiser ' s dropping the first "a" from the name of the city's founder, Moses Cleaveland , so the newspaper's name would fit on the masthead but others dispute that story. When the Gray brothers began publishing their newspaper in 1842, they wrote an explanation of their choice of name; after a discussion of several other possible names, they wrote, "but our democracy and modesty suggest

2013-548: The following decade or so; the following figures (using circulation numbers derived from the same source, though made public only in other sources and in a patchwork fashion) show that in the 24 years between 1983 and 2007 the paper's circulation dropped by 33% (daily) and 11% (Sunday), while in the next 12 years between 2007 and 2019, it lost a further 79% and 62% of its daily and Sunday circulation. On December 18, 2005, The Plain Dealer ceased publication of its weekly Sunday Magazine , which had been published since 1919. Its demise

2074-480: The guild endorsed an agreement with Plain Dealer management accepting the expected layoffs of 58 journalists starting in May 2013, but restoring some of the pay cut union members had accepted in 2009, setting a severance package, and minimizing future layoffs through 2019 (to "just one more modest downsizing"). The agreement also allowed work to "flow freely" between The Plain Dealer and cleveland.com, in particular changing

2135-540: The home, family and community. Blumer collected "movie autobiographies" where he asked teenage and young adult participants to recall their experiences with movies. After collecting autobiographies from 634 students from two universities, 481 students from four colleges and junior colleges, 583 students from high school, 67 from young office workers and 58 from young factory workers, Blumer concluded that childhood impersonation from movies had no damaging long-term consequences as children would only imitate characters on screen for

2196-483: The impact of film on behaviour. It is impossible to estimate the precise impact that the Payne Fund Studies have had. These studies did not conclusively prove that movies had a significant influence on children and adolescents, but did demonstrate how they have the capacity to socialise and educate. Specifically, the findings were used in the Neeley-Pettengill bill in 1936 which attacked the film industry in front of

2257-596: The media access privilege, saying publishing these names would threaten the safety of the men and women who obtain these permits. An Ohio gun rights group then published Clifton's home address and phone number. The Plain Dealer made national headlines in summer 2005, when editor Douglas Clifton announced that the newspaper was withholding two stories "of profound importance" after Judith Miller of The New York Times and Matthew Cooper of Time magazine were ordered to reveal confidential sources who had provided information on Valerie Plame , Joseph Wilson's wife, being

2318-530: The media could make people's behaviour worse. Initially, the main research question for the Payne Fund studies was "How were movies affecting the Youth of America?" Later, the research aim developed to "providing a broader understanding of the total effect at home and abroad of motion pictures." However, after this, the researchers decided not to investigate international effects due to the technical complexity of conducting

2379-555: The national union now called the NewsGuild . The Plain Dealer News Guild also called NEOMG's formation evidence of Advance's involvement in "union-busting", and repeated the claim in response to subsequent layoffs. In February 2017, Advance Ohio named Chris Quinn editor and publisher. Quinn previously served as vice president of content at NEOMG and was the metro editor at The Plain Dealer prior to that. In 2019, cleveland.com

2440-477: The news organization posted online an explanation of events written by its reader representative. The column cited Quinn's explanation: Shortly after the video was posted, the Kasich campaign contacted him and said it had not been aware a video would be posted online. Quinn eventually decided that his failure to explicitly explain the presence of a video camera was unfair. Further, "I thought that if I stated my reasons,

2501-399: The newspaper from 1842 until his death in 1862. A series of editors controlled the paper between then and 1885, when real estate investor Liberty Emery Holden purchased it. When Holden died in 1913, ownership of the Plain Dealer was placed in trust for his heirs. WHK (AM) and WJAY were purchased by United Broadcasting Company in 1934 and 1936, respectively. United Broadcasting company

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2562-541: The obvious next step would be people going to the candidates and asking them if they had any objection to putting the video back up," Quinn is quoted as saying. "That would mean my error could put people into an uncomfortable situation." The explanation left some critics unsatisfied. As part of NEOMG's coverage of the 2014 shooting of Tamir Rice by Cleveland Police, NEOMG published a stories explaining that Rice's parents had criminal backgrounds. NEOMG Vice President of Content Chris Quinn attempted to justify reporting on

2623-680: The only name that befits the occasion, the PLAIN DEALER." The phrase means "someone who interacts or does business straightforwardly and honestly". Their choice of name was probably inspired by The Plaindealer , a weekly paper described as Jacksonian or radical, published in New York City by William Leggett from 1836 to either 1837 or 1839. Several other newspapers in California, Colorado, Indiana, Iowa, Montana, Oregon, Wisconsin, Manitoba, and South Australia later adopted versions of

2684-464: The owner of the Cleveland Plain Dealer had demanded that the unflattering video be taken down. The NEOMG's actions were covered by other media organizations and it was criticized by media observers. Chris Quinn, the NEOMG vice president who sent the letters, declined all requests for comment. At 7 a.m. on the day after the election, which Kasich who was endorsed by the NEOMG won easily,

2745-415: The parent organization's falling revenue on the print side of the operation. "It's just the falling circulation numbers in print, they continue to hamper us", Quinn said. "So we'll—you hate to see them go, they're veteran people, it's a lot of experience. Nothing matters more. But if it fits for where they are in their lives, and we can save some money, we're going for it." Rachel Dissell, a vice president of

2806-425: The point where a witness called 9-1-1 in fear," Quinn wrote in a piece defending his organization's reporting on the incident. Quinn postulated, "One way to stop police from killing any more 12-year-olds might be to understand the forces that lead children to undertake behavior that could put them in the sights of police guns." Cleveland Scene , the alternative weekly, compared Quinn's explanation to "digging himself

2867-556: The print edition), only, while NEOMG gained responsibility for operating cleveland.com and Sun Newspapers (also known as the Sun News suburban papers, a group of smaller, weekly, more suburban-oriented newspapers in the Greater Cleveland metro area also owned by Advance Publications). NEOMG was also made responsible for all ad sales and marketing for The Plain Dealer , Sun News , and cleveland.com. Both NEOMG (later Advance Ohio) and

2928-411: The questions of FitzGerald, who was sitting next to him and insisted that a reporter repeat them. During the debate, a video camera was positioned eight feet in front of the candidates. The resulting video was posted on cleveland.com. A few days later, however, it was removed. When other sites posted copies of the now-deleted video, the NEOMG sent letters threatening legal action. TechDirt reported that

2989-529: The rules to allow work of non-union staff of cleveland.com to be published in The Plain Dealer . Following the agreement about two dozen newsroom employees departed voluntarily. On the morning of Wednesday, July 31, 2013, after having been told in April that layoffs expected for May were "on hold" until the summer, nearly one third of the newsroom staff was eliminated through layoffs and voluntary resignations. The 2013 round of layoffs led to accusations by

3050-590: The same name in the 19th and early 20th centuries. At least three continue: Indiana Plain Dealer , a 2024 combination of newspapers including the former Wabash Plain Dealer , which had served Wabash, Indiana since 1859; the Ouray County Plaindealer of Ouray County, Colorado under names that included "Plaindealer" during 1888–1939 and since 1969; and the Cresco Times Plain Dealer of Cresco, Iowa . Winston Churchill reportedly said about

3111-476: The studies in the Payne Fund Studies was called "Movies and Conduct." It was conducted by Herbert Blumer in 1929, who was a graduate and faculty member from the University of Chicago. Blumer aimed to use qualitative measurements to investigate the effects of movies on the behaviour of children and adolescents, particularly looking at how films create "conceptions of the self" which challenge traditional influences from

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3172-411: The study. This meant that the final research aim was "to provide data for answering completely or in part of a wide range of separate queries relating to effects of motion pictures on the youth of America. These studies were conducted at Yale University, New York University, Penn State University and The Ohio State University. Professor W.W. Charters was the research director of the Payne Fund Studies. He

3233-427: Was attracting an average of 9.9 million users monthly. In 2006, Cleveland Magazine called cleveland.com "mediocre compared to its peers", while saying that it "has only recently started to improve". In 2012, Cleveland Scene , the alternative weekly, said that "Advance's sites are notoriously poorly designed and borderline unnavigable" and, to demonstrate its non-local management, said that Advance wanted to give

3294-471: Was attributed to rising expenses and the poor economy. The editor of The Plain Dealer , Doug Clifton, said that stories that would formerly have appeared in the Sunday Magazine would be integrated into other areas of the paper. In June 2008, the paper announced that it would cut four sections and an average of 32 pages per week. In August 2013, The Plain Dealer reduced home delivery from seven days

3355-436: Was criticized in the 2004 election cycle for the U.S. Senate, not providing fair coverage if any to Voinovich's opponent, State Sen. Eric Fingerhut , a Democrat. In 2005, the newspaper twice published lists of concealed weapon permit holders from the five counties around Cleveland. Editor Doug Clifton defended the paper's decision, sparking a feud with a pro-carry lobbyist group. State Senator Steve Austria called it abuse of

3416-409: Was described as "a farewell blitz of vital reporting" on that topic by the soon-to-depart staff. On April 6, 2020, the Plain Dealer's editor announced that ten of its fourteen remaining reporters would be assigned to cover Ohio counties outside of Cleveland, rather than Cuyahoga County . The ten reporters asked to be laid off instead, and on April 10, 2020, they were. This left the Plain Dealer with

3477-562: Was owned by the Forest City Publishing Company, which in turn owned The Plain Dealer . Until 1967, the paper's publishing company, The Plain Dealer Publishing Company, was part of the Forest City Publishing Company, which also published the Cleveland News until its closing in 1960. One of Holden's heirs, Holden's great-grandson Thomas Vail, became the paper's editor and publisher in 1963. On March 1, 1967,

3538-561: Was retained after complaints from auto dealers, a major category of Saturday advertiser.) The Plain Dealer formerly operated a variety of news bureaus. By the middle of 2014, both the state capital bureau in Columbus and the Washington bureau were shifted to the Northeast Ohio Media Group, as shown by the affiliations of their bureau chiefs. In the early 2000s, The Plain Dealer employed almost 350 reporters and editors; by 2020 that number

3599-653: Was the head of the Department of Education Research at The Ohio State University. Reverend William H. Short, who was the Director of the Motion Picture Research Council, was the person who came up with the idea for the Payne Fund Studies. Short was interested in "the vast influence of the motion picture in shaping attitudes and social values." Short had personal connections with the Payne Study and Experimental Fund,

3660-495: Was the launch, announced in April 2013 and effective that August, of a "new, digitally focused company," also under ownership of Advance Publications , initially (in 2013) called the Northeast Ohio Media Group (NEOMG) and renamed in January 2016 as Advance Ohio. (The renaming happened several weeks after a major reorganization of the newsroom that included layoffs. ) The original, older parent company, Plain Dealer Publishing Company, kept responsibility for The Plain Dealer (i.e.,

3721-399: Was zero. The elimination of its entire staff took the form of a series of cuts between 2006 and 2020, described below. Between October and November 2006, about 64 employees, or one-sixth of those in the newsroom, accepted a buyout offer to leave the newspaper, reducing the newsroom staff from 372 to 308. In December 2008, the paper reduced its newsroom staff by 50 persons, or 20%; 27 accepted

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