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36-556: Patnitala is located at 25°03′00″N 88°44′00″E  /  25.0500°N 88.7333°E  / 25.0500; 88.7333 . It has 58,661 units of households and total area 382.38 km. The major rivers are the Atrai and the Shiba . Patnitala Upazila is bounded by Dhamoirhat Upazila and Tapan CD Block of Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal , India, on the north, Badalgachhi on

72-467: A 2019 FAO report, global production of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic animals has continued to grow and reached 172.6 million tonnes in 2017, with an increase of 4.1 percent compared with 2016. There is a growing gap between the supply of fish and demand, due in part to world population growth. Fishing and pollution from fishing are the largest contributors to the decline in ocean health and water quality. Ghost nets, or nets abandoned in

108-611: A stone pillar, Kaivarta stambha, in its middle. Both date from the late eleventh century. Niamatpur Thana was formed in 1918 and it was turned into an upazila in 1983. Patnitala Upazila is divided into Patnitala Municipality and 11 union parishads : Akbarpur, Amair, Dibar, Goshnagar , Krishanapur, Matindhar, Nazipur, Nirmail, Patichara, Patnitala, and Shihara . The union parishads are subdivided into 297 mauzas and 297 villages. M P: Alhaz Shahidujjaman Sarker Bablu. Upazila Chairman: Md. Abdul Gaffar. Mayor of Nazipur Municipality : Rezaul Karim Babu (Balu Babu) There are four colleges in

144-614: A wide range of bioactivities making them important to food and health care industries. Hydrolysates derived from fish processing by-products like swim bladder , skin, scale , bones and fins display blood pressure regulatory, anti-inflammatory , neuroprotective , immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activity. Fish hydrolysates are also on the rise for commercial purposes in food industries due to their lipid peroxidation inhibition, high emulsification activity and large water retention capacity making them effective food matrix stabilization and shelf life enhancement agents. In

180-407: A worldwide catch of well over a million tonnes in 1999, with herring and sardines together providing a catch of over 22 million metric tons in 1999. Many other species are fished in smaller numbers. Fish are harvested by commercial fishing and aquaculture . Stocks fished within biologically sustainable levels decreased from 90% in 1974 to 62.3% in 2021. The world harvest increased over

216-427: Is a global system that links fishing communities with markets. The environmental impact of fishing includes issues such as the availability of fish , overfishing , fisheries , and fisheries management ; as well as the impact of industrial fishing on other elements of the environment, such as bycatch . These issues are part of marine conservation , and are addressed in fisheries science programs. According to

252-454: Is a pigment made from marine snails, and sepia is a pigment made from the inky secretions of cuttlefish . Fish glue has long been valued for its use in all manner of products. Isinglass is used for the clarification of wine and beer . Fish emulsion is a fertilizer emulsion that is produced from the fluid remains of fish processed for fish oil and fish meal . Fish derived protein hydrolysates have been identified to exhibit

288-510: Is costing 3.2 billion euros a year and 100,000 jobs according to a report. So Europe is constantly looking for some collective actions that could be taken to prevent overfishing. Japan , China and Korea are some of the greatest consumers of fish, and have some disputes over Exclusive Economic Zone . In 2011, due to a serious earthquake, the nuclear power facility in Fukushima was damaged. A huge amount of contaminated water leaked and entered

324-561: Is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as including recreational , subsistence and commercial fishing , as well as the related harvesting, processing , and marketing sectors. The commercial activity is aimed at the delivery of fish and other seafood products for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial processes. The livelihood of over 500 million people in developing countries depends directly or indirectly on fisheries and aquaculture . The fishing industry

360-546: Is one of the largest consumers in the world and in 1972, a dispute occurred between UK and Iceland because of Iceland's announcement of an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to reduce overfishing. This dispute is called the Cod Wars , direct confrontations between Icelandic patrol vessels and British warships. Nowadays in Europe in general, countries are searching for a way to recover their fishing industries. Overfishing of EU fisheries

396-831: Is struggling with environmental and welfare issues, including overfishing and occupational safety . Additionally, the combined pressures of climate change , biodiversity loss and overfishing endanger the livelihoods and food security of a substantial portion of the global population. Stocks fished within biologically sustainable levels decreased from 90% in 1974 to 62.3% in 2021. tuna [REDACTED] billfish [REDACTED] shark [REDACTED] herring [REDACTED] sardine anchovy menhaden cod [REDACTED] flatfish [REDACTED] freshwater carp [REDACTED] salmon [REDACTED] tilapia The industry has three principal sectors that include recreational , subsistence or traditional , and commercial fishing . Commercial fishing

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432-655: Is that it is one that is harvested at a sustainable rate, where the fish population does not decline over time because of fishing practices. Sustainability in fisheries combines theoretical disciplines, such as the population dynamics of fisheries , with practical strategies, such as avoiding overfishing through techniques such as individual fishing quotas , curtailing destructive and illegal fishing practices by lobbying for appropriate law and policy, setting up protected areas, restoring collapsed fisheries, incorporating all externalities involved in harvesting marine ecosystems into fishery economics, educating stakeholders and

468-579: Is the activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial profit , mostly from wild fisheries . It provides a large quantity of food to many countries around the world, but those who practice it as an industry must often pursue fish far into the ocean under adverse conditions. Large-scale commercial fishing is called industrial fishing . The major fishing industries are not only owned by major corporations but by small families as well. In order to adapt to declining fish populations and increased demand, many commercial fishing operations have reduced

504-726: The 20th century and, by 1986, had stabilized around 85–95 million metric tons (94 × 10 ^ –105 × 10 ^ short tons) per year. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world harvest in 2005 consisted of 93.3 million metric tons (102.8 × 10 ^ short tons) captured by commercial fishing in wild fisheries , plus 48.1 million metric tons (53.0 × 10 ^ short tons) produced by fish farms . In addition, 1.3 million metric tons (1.4 × 10 ^ short tons) of aquatic plants ( seaweed etc.) were captured in wild fisheries and 14.8 million metric tons (16.3 × 10 ^ short tons) were produced by aquaculture . The number of individual fish caught in

540-755: The Atlantic northwest cod fishery in 1992, a dispute arose between Canada and the European Union over the right to fish Greenland halibut (also known as turbot) just outside of Canada's exclusive economic zone in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland . The dispute became known as the Turbot War . On 9 March 1995, in response to observations of foreign vessels fishing illegally in Canadian waters and using illegal equipment outside of Canada's EEZ, Canadian officials boarded and seized

576-767: The Kankra in Dinajpur district. It crosses the Barind Tract and flows into Chalan Beel . The river serves as a perennial source of fishing , even though it is often the cause of flooding in many areas during monsoons . The total length of this river is approximately 240 miles (390 km). The maximum depth of the river is 99 feet (30 m). 25°14′48″N 88°46′32″E  /  25.24667°N 88.77556°E  / 25.24667; 88.77556 Fishing industry The fishing industry includes any industry or activity that takes, cultures, processes, preserves, stores, transports, markets or sells fish or fish products. It

612-563: The Spanish trawler Estai in international waters on the Grand Banks. Throughout March, the Spanish Navy deployed patrol ships to protect fishing boats in the area, and Canadian forces were authorized to open fire on any Spanish vessel showing its guns. Canada and the European Union reached a settlement on 15 April which led to significant reforms in international fishing agreements. Iceland

648-405: The area is rekindled . From the late 1950s, offshore bottom trawlers began exploiting the deeper part, leading to a large catch increase and a strong decline in the underlying biomass. The stock collapsed to extremely low levels in the early 1990s and this is a well-known example of non-excludable, non-rivalrous public good in economics, causing free-rider problems. Following the collapse of

684-583: The conference. A crackdown on Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU) vendors was also requested. International policy to attempt to address these issues is captured in Sustainable Development Goal 14 ("Life below water") and its Target 14.4 on "Sustainable fishing": "By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing , illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in

720-456: The east, Mohadevpur Upazila on the south and Porsha and Sapahar Upazilas on the west. According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh , Patnitala Upazila had 58,661 households and a population of 231,900. 43,996 (18.97%) were under 10 years of age. Patnitala had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 52.55%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 987 females per 1000 males. 21,670 (9.34%) lived in urban areas. Ethnic population

756-769: The filleting and freezing of fresh fish for onward distribution to fresh fish retail and catering outlets, and the secondary processing that produces chilled, frozen and canned products for the retail and catering trades. Fisheries are estimated to currently provide 16% of the world population's protein . The flesh of many fish are primarily valued as a source of food; there are many edible species of fish. Other marine life taken as food includes shellfish , crustaceans , sea cucumber , jellyfish and roe . Fish and other marine life can also be used for many other uses: pearls and mother-of-pearl , sharkskin and rayskin . Sea horses , star fish , sea urchins and sea cucumber are used in traditional Chinese medicine . Tyrian purple

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792-547: The greatest consumers of seafood per capita in the world. Chile and Peru are countries with high fish consumption , and therefore had troubles regarding their fish industries. In 1947, Chile and Peru first adopted the 200 nautical mile standard as their exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and in 1982, the UN formally adopted this term. In the 2000s, Chile and Peru suffered a serious fish crisis because of excessive fishing and lack of proper regulations, and now political power play in

828-408: The industry are usually sold wholesale to grocery chains or to intermediaries. Fish processing can be subdivided into two categories: fish handling (the initial processing of raw fish) and fish products manufacturing. Aspects of fish processing occur on fishing vessels , fish processing vessels , and at fish processing plants . Another natural subdivision is into primary processing involved in

864-514: The industry, the term seafood products is often used instead of fish products . Fish markets are marketplace used for the trade in and sale of fish and other seafood . They can be dedicated to wholesale trade between fishermen and fish merchants , or to the sale of seafood to individual consumers , or to both. Retail fish markets, a type of wet market , often sell street food as well. Most shrimp are sold frozen and are marketed in different categories. The live food fish trade

900-433: The ocean, are made of plastic and nylon and do not decompose, wreaking extreme havoc on the wildlife and ecosystems they interrupt. Overfishing and destruction of marine ecosystems may have a significant impact on other aspects of the environment such as seabird populations. On top of the overfishing, there is a seafood shortage resulting from the mass amounts of seafood waste, as well as the microplastics that are polluting

936-612: The ocean. Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) admitted that around 300 tonnes of highly radioactive water had leaked from a storage tank on the site. In the Kuroshio Current , the sea near Fukushima, about 11 countries catch fish. Not only the surrounding countries such as Japan, Korea and China, but also the countries like Ukraine , Spain and Russia have boats in the Kuroshio Current. In September 2013, South Korea banned all fish imports from eight Japanese prefectures, due to

972-526: The radioactive water leaks from the Fukushima nuclear plant. The North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission : NPFC was established in 2015 to manage fish stocks against increasing demand. Members are Canada , Japan , Russia , the United States , and South Korea . China , Taiwan , and Vanuatu also participated in the meeting. The NPFC imposes catch limits on member countries and countries participating in

1008-455: The seafood consumed by the public. The latter is largely caused by plastic-made fishing gear like drift nets and longlining equipment that are wearing down by use, lost or thrown away. The journal Science published a four-year study in November 2006, which predicted that, at prevailing trends, the world would run out of wild-caught seafood in 2048. The scientists stated that the decline

1044-529: The shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics". The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is an independent non-profit organization which sets a standard for sustainable fishing . Fisheries that wish to demonstrate they are well-managed and sustainable compared to the MSC's standards are assessed by a team of experts or Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) who are independent of both

1080-601: The sustainability of their harvest by fishing further down the food chain. This raises concern for fishery managers and researchers, who highlight how further they say that for those reasons, the sustainability of the marine ecosystems could be in danger of collapsing. Commercial fishermen harvest a wide variety of animals. However, a very small number of species support the majority of the world's fisheries; these include herring , cod , anchovy , tuna , flounder , mullet , squid , shrimp , salmon , crab , lobster , oyster and scallops . All except these last four provided

1116-414: The upazila. They include Chowrat Shibpur Barendra College; Nazipur Government College , founded in 1973; and Nazipur Mohila College (1995). According to Banglapedia, Kantabari High School, founded in 1924, Nazipur Pilot High School (1930), and Sarlabala (Gandhi) Girls' School (1920), are notable secondary schools. The madrasa education system includes seven fazil madrasas. Nazipur Siddikia Fazil Madrasha

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1152-418: The wider public, and developing independent certification programs. The ocean covers 71% of the earth's surface and 80% of the value of exploited marine resources are attributed to the fishing industry. The fishing industry has provoked various international disputes as wild fish capture rose to a peak about the end of the 20th century, and has since started a gradual decline. Iceland, Japan, and Portugal are

1188-575: The wild has been estimated at 0.97–2.7 trillion per year (not counting fish farms or marine invertebrates). Following is a table of the 2011 world fishing industry harvest in tonnes (metric tons) by capture and by aquaculture . Once fish is caught, especially in commercial sectors, bringing the fish to consumers require a complex series of related industries. Fish processing is the processing of fish delivered by commercial fisheries and fish farms. The larger fish processing companies have their own fishing fleets and independent fisheries. The products of

1224-421: Was 20,270 (8.74%), of which Oraon were 6,552, Santal 5,375 and Barman 3,780. As of the 1991 Bangladesh census , Patnitala had a population of 1 98 164. Males constituted 51.26% of the population and females 48.74%. This upazila's eighteen up population was 98279. Patnitala had an average literacy rate of 32.9% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate. Dibar Dighi is a large historic pond with

1260-408: Was a result of overfishing , pollution and other environmental factors that were reducing the population of fisheries at the same time as their ecosystems were being annihilated. Many countries, such as Tonga , the United States , Australia and Bahamas , and international management bodies have taken steps to appropriately manage marine resources. A conventional idea of a sustainable fishery

1296-1073: Was founded in 1969. Atrai River Atrai River (also spelt as Atreyee ) ( Bengali : আত্রাই/আত্রেয়ী নদী , romanized :  ātrāi/ātrēẏī nadī ) flows in West Bengal and northern parts of Bangladesh . In ancient times the river was called Atreyee and finds a mention in the Mahabharata , one of the two Sanskrit epics of ancient India. It is linked with Jorapani river , Fuleswari river , and Karatoya River . The Atrai originates in Siliguri ward no 40, near Baikanthapur forest of West Bengal and then after flowing through Dinajpur District of Bangladesh, it enters India again. It passes through Kumarganj and Balurghat community development blocks in Dakshin Dinajpur district . The river then renters Bangladesh. It splits into two rivers—the Gabura and

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