21-543: The Patinódromo Municipal Adalberto Lugea is an outdoor roller rink and patinodrome in Mar del Plata , Argentina . It is mostly used for inline speed skating competitions but has also hosted tennis tournaments and concerts. Roller sports are very popular in Mar del Plata since the early 60s, and in 1966 the city hosted the first World Championship of inline speed skating on road surface held out of Europe. The municipal skating rink
42-710: A 35 hectares area with several sport venues, including the Estadio José María Minella , the " Julio Polet " Municipal Velodrome, the Pan American Field Hockey Stadium, the " Alberto Zorrilla " Natatorium, the Justo Roman Athletic stadium and the Polideportivo Islas Malvinas . This venue has hosted four World Championship , the roller sports events for the 1995 Pan American Games and the inline speed skating events for
63-757: A boom in popularity in the late 19th century, particularly in cities of the American East Coast. At first, people roller skated at home, but within twenty years businesses dedicated to the activity began to spring up. Plimpton himself is credited with opening the first roller skating rink in New York City . Patrons who enjoyed ice skating during the winter months participated in the similar activity, now year-round. Early roller rinks varied greatly in size and type, both indoor and outdoor. Many consisted of simple wooden platforms that sometimes doubled as dance floors or ballrooms. While primarily an activity of eastern cities,
84-549: A few enterprising individuals toured the rural areas of the Midwest and South with wagon-loads of roller skates. These entrepreneurs went from town-to-town, often in conjunction with circuses or carnivals, renting out skates and using whatever locally-available surface as an impromptu rink. The post–World War II baby boom also saw a boom in roller rinks across the United States. Having a roller skating birthday party became something of
105-420: A more complex structure than softwoods and are often much slower growing as a result. The dominant feature separating "hardwoods" from softwoods is the presence of pores, or vessels . The vessels may show considerable variation in size, shape of perforation plates (simple, scalariform, reticulate, foraminate), and structure of cell wall, such as spiral thickenings. As the name suggests, the wood from these trees
126-678: A professional sport of the 1950s and 1960s once considered virtually dead, has seen a DIY , grassroots rebirth in popularity in the early 21st century with amateur and semi-pro teams forming leagues nationwide. Many rink owners support this activity, along with roller hockey, speed skating, and roller figure skating contests. Hardwood Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees . These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests . In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous , but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen . Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which
147-427: A rite of passage for American children in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Roller rinks in the United States underwent significant changes in the 1970s. New plastics led to improved skate wheels—ones providing a smoother, quieter ride—and easier-to-maintain skate floors. The disco craze from popular 1970s culture led to another increase in the popularity of roller rinks—or roller discos , as some became. Gone were
168-517: Is a hard surface usually consisting of hardwood or concrete , used for roller skating or inline skating . This includes roller hockey , speed skating , roller derby , and individual recreational skating. Roller rinks can be located in an indoor or outdoor facility. Most skating center facilities range anywhere from under 14,000 square feet (1,300 m ) to more than 21,000 square feet (2,000 m ). Massachusetts businessman James Plimpton 's 1863 invention of an improved roller skate led to
189-450: Is due to the variety of characteristics apparent in different timbers, including density, grain, pore size, growth and fibre pattern, flexibility and ability to be steam bent. For example, the interlocked grain of elm wood ( Ulmus spp.) makes it suitable for the making of chair seats where the driving in of legs and other components can cause splitting in other woods. There is a correlation between density and calories/volume. This makes
210-529: Is from gymnosperm trees). Hardwoods are produced by angiosperm trees that reproduce by flowers, and have broad leaves. Many species are deciduous. Those of temperate regions lose their leaves every autumn as temperatures fall and are dormant in the winter, but those of tropical regions may shed their leaves in response to seasonal or sporadic periods of drought. Hardwood from deciduous species, such as oak, normally shows annual growth rings , but these may be absent in some tropical hardwoods . Hardwoods have
231-554: Is generally harder than that of softwoods, but there are significant exceptions. In both groups there is an enormous variation in actual wood hardness, with the range in density in hardwoods completely including that of softwoods; some hardwoods ( e.g. , balsa ) are softer than most softwoods, while yew is an example of a hard softwood. The structural polymers of hardwoods are cellulose , hemicellulose , and lignin . The constituents of hardwood lignin differs from those included in softwood. Sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol are
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#1733085504948252-453: Is rich in phenolic compounds, such as stilbenes , lignans , norlignans, tannins , flavonoids . Hardwoods are employed in a large range of applications, including fuel , tools , construction , boat building , furniture making, musical instruments , flooring , cooking , barrels , and manufacture of charcoal . Solid hardwood joinery tends to be expensive compared to softwood. In the past, tropical hardwoods were easily available, but
273-421: The 1995 Pan American Games . New stands were built and the whole perimeter of the rink was closed, raising its capacity to 7,500 spectators. The old stands were refurbished and turned into VIP stands for 800 spectators, with press area and cabin for judges. For the 1995 Pan American Games held in Mar del Plata, the roller skater Nora Vega , original from the city, was chosen to be the last torch bearer and to light
294-657: The 2006 South American Games . It has also hosted the Mar del Plata Open tennis tournament, the 2014 Davis Cup first round between Argentina and Italy , several boxing fights (including South American Super middleweight champion Ruben Eduardo Acosta vs. Luis Daniel Parada in 2007), and many concerts, including of Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota (1997, 1999), Deep Purple (1999), Soda Stereo (1991), Los Piojos (2004, 2006), Diego Torres (2007), La Renga (1999, 2004, 2005), Bersuit Vergarabat (2004, 2008), El Tri (1999), Luis Alberto Spinetta (1991) and Billy Idol (1991). Roller rink A roller rink
315-644: The Pan American Cauldron during the opening ceremony . Vega would end up winning two gold medals, a silver and a bronze medal during the games and received the Golden Olimpia Award as the most important sportsperson of 1995 in Argentina. The patinodrome is named after Adalberto Lugea, a skater of Unión de Mar del Plata that broke the world record for most consecutive hours on skates in 1947, reaching 50 hours and 25 minutes of non stop skating. Beneath
336-545: The hardwood significantly differs from the softwood, and mainly consists of triterpenoids , polyprenols and other higher terpenes. Triterpenoids commonly purified from hardwoods include cycloartenol , betulin and squalene . Hardwood polyterpenes are rubber , gutta percha , gutta-balatá and betulaprenols. Although in small quantities, hardwoods also contain mono- , sesqui- and diterpenes , such as α- and β-pinenes , 3-carene , β-myrcene , limonene , hinokitiol , δ-cadinene , α- and δ-cadinols , borneol . Hardwood
357-558: The main monomers of hardwood lignin. Hardwoods contain less amount of non-structural constituents, named extractives , than softwoods. These extractives are usually categorized into three broad groups: aliphatic compounds , terpenes and phenolic compounds . Aliphatic compounds found in hardwoods include fatty acids , fatty alcohols and their esters with glycerol , fatty alcohols (waxes) and sterols (steryl esters), hydrocarbons , such as alkanes , sterols , such as sitosterol , sitostanol and campesterol . The terpene content of
378-478: The staid lighting and old-fashioned organ music as a generally older clientele were replaced by adolescents and twenty-somethings skating under mirror balls and special lights to disco beats. The end of the Disco Era and the advent of inline roller skates hit the roller rink industry hard, with many rinks closing. However, as had happened earlier, most rink owners adapted and survived the economic storm. Roller derby ,
399-416: The stands there is a gym, coffee house, locker rooms, administrative offices and emergency room. The skating rink area also offers bedrooms to accommodate up to 60 athletes. As Mar del Plata is home to Argentine Bandy Union, the center of the track, a 1080m2 area, is used to practice this sport and also for inline hockey matches. The Patinódromo Municipal is part of Teodoro Bronzini Municipal Sports Park,
420-550: The supply of some species, such as Burma teak and mahogany , is now becoming scarce due to over-exploitation. Cheaper "hardwood" doors, for instance, now consist of a thin veneer bonded to a core of softwood, plywood or medium-density fibreboard (MDF). Hardwoods may be used in a variety of objects, but are most frequently seen in furniture or musical instruments because of their density which adds to durability, appearance, and performance. Different species of hardwood lend themselves to different end uses or construction processes. This
441-449: Was opened in 1969 to host a second world championship, this time on track surface. The original building had only two stands, one in front of the other, on the sides of the track. After 1969, this venue hosted again the world championships of 1978, 1983 and 1997, this last time including road and track events. In order to adapt its capacity and facilities to the requirements of international competitions, remodellation works were started before
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