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23-484: The Durbar Square is a marvel of Newar architecture . The square floor is tiled with red bricks. There are many temples and statues in the area. The main temples are aligned opposite the western face of the palace. The entrance of the temples faces east, towards the palace. There is also a bell situated in the alignment beside the main temples. The Square also holds old Newari residential houses. There are other temples and structures in and around Patan Durbar Square built by

46-466: A group of feudal chieftains. Such elections were quite common in contemporary tribal societies of the region. The stanza in the Khalimpur copper plate is a eulogy, and uses the word prakriti figuratively. Based on the different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, the different historians estimate Gopala's reign as follows: According to Manjusrimulakalpa , Gopala died at

69-655: A group of regional chieftains. There are no inscriptions or monuments which may be definitely ascribed to the period of Gopala's ascendency to throne. He is known through the later literary references and genealogies in inscriptions. According to the Manjusrimulakalpa , after the end of the Gupta rule in Bengal, people elected Bhadra. He destroyed the Brahmana feudal lords, but anarchy still prevailed. After this, Gopala became king. He

92-681: Is a five-storey temple with triple-roofs. The 14th century chronicle of Gopala kings hints that the Taleju temple was built by the Pradhanas before the Mallas. The temple is not open to the public. The three main courtyards in the palace are Mul Chowk, Sundari Chowk and Keshav Narayan Chowk. Besides these courtyards, the complex boasts impressive temples, religious shrines, and historical places, all noted for their exquisite carvings and beautiful display of ancient Newari architecture. Keshav Narayan Chowk is, inside

115-493: Is confined by the statues of the river goddesses Ganga , on a tortoise, and Jamuna, on a carved makara (mythical crocodile). Sundari Chowk is to the south of the Mul Chowk. It is designed with a sunken tank known as Tusha Hiti . Smaller than the Mul Chowk, it is now open to the public. The entrance of the chowk is guarded by the stone statues of Hanuman , Ganesh , and Nara Singha, man-lion forms of Vishnu . As one enters through,

138-470: Is dedicated to Lord Shiva and the third to Lokeshwor ( Avalokiteshvara ). The square is crowded with thousands of Hindu Pilgrims and devotees during Krishnastami . Bhimsen (Bhin : dya) Temple was built by Srinivasa Malla in 1680. It is renowned for its three interconnected golden windows. Bhimsen is a great personality in Mahabharata . He is the second-born son of Kunti and King Pandu, and one of

161-461: Is guarded by two stone elephants in the front entrance. On the other side of the temple is the sculpture of a bull, Shiva's vehicle. A stone linga is enshrined inside the temple. It is located between Krishna Mandir and Bhimsen Temple. Taleju temple was built by Siddhi Narsingh Malla in 1640 and rebuilt by Srinivasa Malla in 1667 after a fire. Taleju Bhawani was the personal deity of the Malla kings. It

184-484: Is in form of a legend, and is considered historically unreliable. The legend mentions that after a period of anarchy, the people elected several kings in succession, all of whom were consumed by the Naga queen of an earlier king on the night following their election. Gopala, however managed to kill the queen and remained on the throne. The historical evidence indicates that Gopala was not elected directly by his subjects, but by

207-586: The Newa People . A center of both Hinduism and Buddhism , Patan Durbar Square has 136 "bahals" (courtyards) and 55 major temples. The square was heavily damaged by the earthquake in April 2015 . The history of Durbar Square is not clear. Although the Malla Kings of Lalitpur are credited with the establishment of the royal square, it is known that the site is an ancient crossroad. The Pradhanas , who settled around

230-515: The Patan Museum , to the north of the Mul Chowk. Keshav Narayan Temple is located at the center of this chowk and gave the chowk its name. Mul Chowk is the central courtyard. It is the most famous and largest courtyard among the three main chowks. Vidya Temple is located at its center and Taleju temples stand around the courtyard. The doorway to the Shrine of Taleju, on the southern side of the courtyard,

253-561: The Durbar Square. Krishna Mandir is one of the most important temple in Patan Durbar Square. A three-storied structure, it was built in the local variety of Shikhara style called Granthakuta. The stone carvings along the beam above the first and second-floor pillar are most notable. The first-floor pillar carvings narrate the events of the Mahabharata , while on the second floor there are visual carvings from Ramayana . The temple

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276-504: The age of 80, after a reign of 27 years. Not much is known about his life or military career, but at the time of his death, Gopala had bequeathed a large kingdom to his son Dharmapala (770-810 CE). No records are available about the exact boundaries of Gopala's kingdom, but it might have included almost all of the Bengal region (Gaur, Varendra and Banga) and parts of Magadha . A few sources written much after Gopala's death mention him as

299-463: The chowk, they can see various local shops selling typical Newari cuisine. The Newari cuisine consists of yomari, kachela, chhoila, black beans, beaten rice, vegetables along with the Newari drink called chhyang which is made from rice. Sundari chowk is known for the nightlife and recently there is a gigantic self-illuminating moon placed in the chowk which has now become the attraction for tourists as well as

322-551: The five Pandavas , known for his bravery and strength. Newa people worship him as a god of business and trade. Tourists are not allowed inside the temple. Photos are also not allowed to be taken inside the temple. Vishwanath Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva . It was built in 1627 AD during the reign of Siddhi Narsingh Malla . The roof supports are decorated with erotic carvings similar to imagery widespread in Shiva temples in India. The temple

345-674: The kings descended from the Samudrakula or oceanic community. After the death of the Gauda king Shashanka , a century of anarchy and confusion ensued in Bengal . This situation is described by the Sanskrit phrase matsya nyaya ("fish justice" i.e. a situation in which the big fish prey on the smaller ones). It was during these times that Gopala came to power around 750 CE. Matsyanyayam apakitum prakritibhir Lakshmiya karam grahitah Sri Gopala iti kshitisa-sirsam chudamani-tatsubha To put an end to

368-508: The local people. Newar architecture Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.237 via cp1104 cp1104, Varnish XID 843995020 Upstream caches: cp1104 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 06:56:01 GMT Gopala (Pala king) Gopala ( Bengali : গোপাল ) (ruled c.  750s –770s CE)

391-399: The reign of King Siddhi Narsingh Malla and his son Srinivasa Sukriti. Some of the notable Malla Kings who improved the square include Purandarasimha, Sivasimha Malla and Yoganarendra Malla . Patan is one of the oldest Buddhist cities. It is a center of both Hinduism and Buddhism with 136 bahals or courtyards and 55 major temples. Most of these structures are in the vicinity of

414-464: The same direction. The name of his father was Vapyata, and his grandfather Dayitavishnu. A eulogy on the Khalimpur copper plate of his son Gopala describes his father Vapyata as a Khanditarati or "killer of enemies", and his grandfather Dayitavishnu as Sarva-vidyavadata ("all-knowing" in the sense "highly educated"). The later texts of the Pala period, such as Ramacharita , mention the Pala rulers as

437-454: The site before the Mallas, have connections with the Durbar Square. Some chronicles hint that the Thakuri dynasty built a palace and made reforms to the locality, but there is little evidence of this. Scholars are certain that Patan was a prosperous city since ancient times. The Malla Kings made important changes to the square. Most of the current architecture is from the 1600s, constructed during

460-437: The state of affairs similar to what happens among fishes, the prakriti made the glorious Gopala, the crest jewel of the heads of kings, take the hand of Lakshmi , the goddess of fortune. The Sanskrit word prakriti is suggestive of "people" in general. The Tibetan Buddhist lama Taranatha (1575–1634), writing nearly 800 years later, also writes that he was democratically elected by the people of Bengal. However, his account

483-481: Was built in 1667 by King Siddhi Narsingh Malla. It is said that one night the King saw Lord Krishna and his consort Srimati Radha standing in front of the royal palace. He ordered a temple to be built on the same spot. There are 21 golden pinnacles in the temple. Below the pinnacles are three stories. The first floor holds the main shrine of Lord Krishna with shrines of Radha and Rukmini at each side. The second floor

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506-577: Was of menial caste (dasajivinah). Manjusrimulakalpa was quite near in time to the establishment of the rule of the Palas and should be considered more authentic than other references which are of very late period. In Ballal charita and in Dharmamangala of Ghanarama (both sixteenth century works), the Palas are described as low Kshatriyas. Pala's supposed relationship with the Kaivartas or Mahishyas also points to

529-552: Was the founder of the Pala dynasty , which was based in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent . The last morpheme of his name Pala means "protector" and was used as an ending for the names of all the Pala monarchs. Pala does not suggest or indicate any ethnic or caste considerations of the Pala dynasty. He came to power in later half of eighth century AD in Gaur / Gaud after being elected by

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