In association football , the back-pass rule prohibits the goalkeeper from handling the ball in most cases when it is passed to them by a teammate. It is described in Law 12, Section 2 of the Laws of the Game .
75-417: Goalkeepers are normally allowed to handle the ball within their own penalty area, and once they have control of the ball in their hands opposition players may not challenge them for it. However the back-pass rule prohibits goalkeepers from handling the ball after it has been deliberately kicked to them by a team-mate, or after receiving it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate. Back-passes with parts of
150-433: A dropped ball , indirect free kick or a throw-in . Should the ball go into the opponents' goal from these without first being touched by another player, play is restarted with a goal kick . A player cannot score an own goal directly from any restart of play (other than, theoretically, a penalty kick); in that case a corner kick would be awarded. Both of these situations, especially the latter, are exceedingly rare. As
225-517: A back-pass late in a game between them and Hamburg , was decisive in Bayern winning the 2000–01 Bundesliga . The back-pass rule is considered one of the most popular and successful rule changes in the modern game. As well as preventing dull play, it also required goalkeepers to become more proficient with playing the ball with their feet, and has been cited as the start of the evolution of the playmaking " sweeper-keeper ". Throw-in A throw-in
300-404: A ball thrown directly by a teammate. This cannot be circumvented by the keeper using the feet first before handling the ball. If this infringement occurs within the goalkeeper's penalty area, an indirect free kick is awarded. If the infringement occurs outside the goalkeeper's penalty area, a direct free kick is awarded. A detailed description of an early predecessor of the throw-in is recorded in
375-456: A dedicated Dubious Goals Committee for resolving attribution disputes. For an individual player, scoring multiple goals in a game is considered a notable achievement. In association football, a hat-trick refers to the uncommon feat of scoring three goals in a single game. Awards exist for individual players who score the most goals in some competitions, such awards are often called the " Golden Boot ". Players will typically celebrate scoring
450-497: A direction at right angles with the boundary line. The throw-in from the 1863 rules features several differences from the throw-in in modern association football: In 1867, the laws of the Sheffield Football Association awarded the throw-in against the team kicking the ball out of play. In 1868, these Sheffield rules were revised further to award a kick-in instead of a throw-in. It continued to be awarded against
525-509: A fixed period of time. In the more formalised football games of English public schools and universities, the object was typically to kick the ball between goal-posts guarded by the opposition. This might be required to be above a crossbar (as in the game of football played at Rugby School ), below a bar or other object (as in the Sheffield Rules of 1862) or at any height (as at Shrewsbury School ). The size and type of goals were among
600-399: A goal line at either end of the field of play between two centrally positioned upright goal posts 24 feet (7.32 m) apart and underneath a horizontal crossbar at a height of 8 feet (2.44 m) — this frame is itself referred to as a goal . Each team aims to score at one end of the pitch, while preventing their opponents from scoring at the other end. Nets are usually attached to
675-487: A goal when the ball was "thrown, knocked on, or carried", even if the handling was otherwise legal. In 1882, a change in the laws, introduced by Nicholas Lane Jackson of Finchley FC and Morton Betts of Old Harrovians FC , made it possible to score an own goal by use of the hands. In 1962, a change introduced by the Scottish Football Association permitted a goal-keeper to score a goal by throwing
750-420: A goal with team mates, occasionally putting on elaborate displays for the crowd. The Laws allow this, but mandate that celebration must not be "excessive". On average, only a few scores occur per game in association football. An analysis of several years' results from several English leagues found that 1–0 was the most common result, occurring in approximately 20% of games. In English traditional football ,
825-402: A kick-in rather than a throw-in. These included the "Foot-Ball Club" of Edinburgh (1833), Harrow football (1858), Barnes FC (1862), Blackheath FC (1862), and the later Cambridge rules from November 1863. Some of these laws permitted the ball to be kicked in any direction, while others required that it be perpendicular to the touch-line. At Harrow, the ball could be kicked in by "any of
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#1732895388472900-487: A law was finally approved the next year, to become part of the FA's laws for the 1882-83 season: When any player, other than the goal-keeper, wilfully stops a ball in the vicinity of his own goal by using his hands when, in the opinion of the umpires or referee, the ball would have passed through the goal, a goal shall be scored to his opponents. This goal, which was similar to today's penalty try in rugby , survived as part of
975-482: A proposal by the Irish Football Association , this was changed to an award of the throw-in the opposing team (except for a violation of the double-touch rule, which remained punishable by an indirect free-kick). In 1966, it was specified that opponents who "dance about or gesticulate in a way calculated to distract or impede the thrower" should be cautioned for ungentlemanly conduct. In 1997, this wording
1050-412: A result of rule changes introduced in 2019, it is not possible to score an attacking goal with the hands or arm. If a goalkeeper throws the ball directly into the opponent's goal from his/her own penalty area, no goal is awarded; instead a goal-kick is awarded to the defending side. In practice such a situation is improbable given the distances involved, but this can occur in variations of the sport where
1125-561: A result of the conference, the Scottish version of the throw-in law was accepted. This new throw-in law, requiring the ball to be thrown from over the head with two hands, was formally adopted by the FA in 1883. The laws of the game have never permitted a goal to be scored directly from a throw-in by the attacking team. In 1882, a change in the laws, introduced by Nicholas Lane Jackson of Finchley FC and Morton Betts of Old Harrovians FC , made it possible to score an own goal directly from
1200-477: A result of this change in the FA laws, the Sheffield Association held a meeting one week later at which it agreed to abandon its own rules and accept the FA laws. As a result of these developments, the throw-in of 1877 looked quite similar to today's: it was awarded against the team who kicked the ball out of play, and it could be thrown in any direction. There was no restriction on the technique by which
1275-529: A throw-in of 59.817 m (65.417 yd) in Frisco, Texas in April 2019. British footballers Dave Challinor and Andy Legg are among the previous record holders. Iranian defender Milad Mohammadi made a failed attempt at a flip throw in the group-stage match against Spain at the 2018 FIFA World Cup ; two years later, compatriot Nader Mohammadi scored using the technique in a domestic match (the goalkeeper touched
1350-413: A throw-in. This possibility was removed in 1898. In 2002, Aston Villa goalkeeper Peter Enckelman scored an own goal from a team-mate's throw back to him when he miss-controlled the ball but appeared to touch it slightly with his foot before it crossed the line though Enkelman denied this. The incident received widespread media attention due to it occurring in an important Birmingham derby match in
1425-517: Is a method of restarting play in a game of association football when the whole of ball passes over the touchline. It is governed by Law 15 of the Laws of the Game . In Scotland it is known as a shy . When the ball goes out of play past the touch-line to the side of the pitch, a throw-in is awarded to the opponents of the player who last touched the ball, whether deliberately or accidentally. The throw-in
1500-416: Is awarded. If the thrower fails to deliver the ball per the required procedure, or delivers it from a point other than where the ball left the field of play, the throw-in is awarded to the opposing team. This is commonly known as a "foul throw". It is an infringement for the thrower to touch the ball a second time before it has been touched by another player; this is punishable by an indirect free kick to
1575-493: Is first found in the laws of 1891. Rory Delap was highlighted for his throw-in technique: a former schoolboy javelin champion, Delap was renowned for having one of the longest and most powerful throw-ins in football, sending the ball into the six-yard box from distances up to 50 yd (46 m). In the English Football League , some teams with a long-throw specialist provided towels at home matches to allow
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#17328953884721650-400: Is taken from the point where the ball crossed the touch-line , either on the ground or in the air, though typically a referee will tolerate small discrepancies between the position where the ball crossed the touch-line and the position of the throw-in. Opposing players may not approach closer than 2 m (2.2 yd) to the point on the touch-line from which the throw-in is to be taken. At
1725-405: Is the flip throw (notably employed in recent years by, among others, Estonian player Risto Kallaste , and Icelander Steinþór Freyr Þorsteinsson ): in it the player, during the run-up, plants the ball on the ground, flips over it, and uses the momentum gained from the flip to increase the velocity of the ball. American flip thrower Michael Lewis set a new Guinness World Record when he recorded
1800-528: Is the ancestor of the line-out in rugby union : A ball in touch is dead; consequently, the first player on his side must in any case touch it down, bring it to the edge of touch, and throw it straight out. Similar "throw-in" laws are found in the Cambridge rules of 1856, the Sheffield rules of 1858, the laws of Melbourne FC (1859), and indeed the original FA laws of 1863 (see below). Other codes had
1875-416: Is within the 6-yard goal area, in which case the kick is taken from the point on the 6-yard line closest to the point of the offence. Goalkeepers are allowed to handle the ball if the ball is played back to them by an action other than a kick or throw-in (such as a header), but defenders are not permitted to attempt to use a deliberate trick to pass the ball to the goalkeeper with a part of the body other than
1950-451: The 1990 World Cup was widely criticised as excessively dull, rife with back-passing and goalkeepers holding up the ball to waste time. During that tournament, in the Republic of Ireland versus Egypt match, Irish goalkeeper Packie Bonner held the ball for nearly six minutes. The last tournament prior to the back-pass rule was UEFA Euro 1992 . The first games played with the new rule were at
2025-535: The 1992 Summer Olympics . Early matches with the new rule resulted in some confusion in defences; indeed in the very first game Italy fell foul of the new rule and the United States were able to score after being awarded an indirect free kick 15 yards from goal. In 1997, the back-pass rule was extended to prevent goalkeepers handling the ball when received directly from a team-mate's throw in. A goal scored by Bayern Munich from an indirect free kick, awarded for
2100-458: The Premier League . Under the original laws of 1863, it was not possible to be offside from a throw-in; however, since the ball was required to be thrown in at right-angles to the touch-line, it would have been unusual for a player to gain significant advantage from being ahead of the ball. After the ball was permitted to be thrown in any direction in 1877, the very next year (1878) a new law
2175-416: The Laws are adapted to play on a smaller area. If the ball goes directly into the opponent's goal from the hands or arm of a player in any other circumstances, the handling is penalised as a handball offence (even if it was unintentional, or would otherwise have been legal). It remains possible to score an own goal with the hands or arm. The 2019 rule changes also provided that a goal cannot be scored if
2250-406: The attacking team commits an infringement of the Laws of the Game, such as the offside offence or a foul . As with all other decisions on the Laws of the Game, the referee is the final authority as to whether a goal is scored. The match referee is advised by assistant referees , whose view across the pitch from the sidelines may in some cases be more useful in determining whether the ball crossed
2325-519: The ball could be thrown; players would throw the ball great distances using only one arm. It is reported that the England international Norman Bailey was capable of propelling the ball "from the centre of the ground into the goal mouth". The International Football Conference of December 1882 addressed discrepancies between the laws used by the English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish football associations. One of
Back-pass rule - Misplaced Pages Continue
2400-444: The ball enters either goal directly after touching a match official; a dropped ball is awarded if this occurs. If a player or team official is illegally on the field of play when that person's team scores a goal, the goal is disallowed, with a direct free kick being awarded to the opposing side. After a goal is scored, play is restarted with a kick-off by the side which conceded the goal. Most goals are relatively unambiguous, as
2475-422: The ball into the opposing goal from his own penalty area. This innovation was heavily criticised in some quarters. In 1974, a further change to the laws allowed a goal to be scored when the ball was handled unintentionally by an attacker. In 2019 both of these changes were reversed: The original laws of the game, in 1863, specified no punishments for infringements of the rules. In 1872, the indirect free kick
2550-417: The ball on its way in). Invention of the manoeuvre has been credited to Tony Hyndman, son of coach Schellas Hyndman , who had learned tumbling from his gymnast mother. Scoring in association football In games of association football , teams compete to score the most goals during the match which is the only method of scoring in the game. A goal is scored when the ball passes completely over
2625-400: The ball passed on the correct side of the goal posts and crossbar. Although not mandated by the Laws of the Game, goal nets are now ubiquitous across most levels of organised football. Since 2012, goal-line technology has been used at the highest levels of professional football; it employs a system of cameras and/or sensors to provide the referee with a discreet signal when the ball has crossed
2700-468: The ball to be dried to improve accuracy; the EFL banned this with effect from the 2023–24 season to cut timewasting and improve ball-in-play statistics; the concurrent adoption of the multiball system should ensure a dry ball is available regardless. Wrexham A.F.C. 's Ben Tozer was also noted for his Delap-inspired long throws. An uncommon but effective technique for delivering a faster than usual throw
2775-447: The ball was between the posts at no matter what height, and quoted an instance which occurred at Reigate , where one of the opposite side raised the ball quite 90 feet in the air between the goal posts. A dispute arose as to whether the goal was won or not, and the bystanders decided that the ball was kicked between the posts, but he thought it was a most unsatisfactory goal, and was therefore decidedly in favour of goals being kicked under
2850-417: The ball were thrown from ground level instead of above the head, and if there was not air drag. Opposing players failing to respect the required distance (2 m) before the ball is in play, or otherwise unfairly distracts or impedes the thrower may receive a caution (yellow card) for unsporting behaviour. If the throw-in has already been taken when the referee stops play for this offence, an indirect free kick
2925-416: The ball will usually strike the net attached to the goal structure indicating that it has passed over the goal line as described above. Occasionally, however, situations occur where it is difficult for officials to tell if the ball completely crossed the goal line before a rebound, save, or clearance from the goal area. Additionally, even if the ball crosses the goal line as required, a goal may be disallowed if
3000-400: The body other than the foot, such as headers, are allowed. Despite the popular name "back-pass rule", there is no requirement in the laws that the kick or throw-in must be backwards; handling by the goalkeeper is forbidden regardless of the direction the ball travels. The penalty for the offence is an indirect free kick . This is awarded from the position where the handling occurred, unless it
3075-515: The bystanders", as well as any player. The Eton field game 's rules, as recorded in 1847, specified that a throw-in and a "bully" (scrummage) should be used alternately, while its 1857 rules used the bully exclusively. At its second meeting, on 10 November 1863, the Football Association agreed that "when the ball is out of bounds it should be kicked or thrown in straight by the person who should first touch it down". The first draft of
Back-pass rule - Misplaced Pages Continue
3150-429: The field of play , all of the ball must cross all of the line, otherwise play continues. A goal is credited to the team attacking the goal scored upon, regardless of which team actually caused the ball to enter the goal. A ball entering a goal from the action of a player defending that goal is called an own goal . If the ball hits the frame of the goal and remains in play, play continues. Goals can be scored going in off
3225-420: The field of play. In 1965, the ball was required to be thrown from "behind and over" the head of the thrower. Since 2005, opponents have been forbidden from approaching closer than 2 metres to the player taking the throw-in. This change was made because FIFA perceived "an increasing trend for an opponent to stand immediately in front of the thrower at a throw-in, with his feet virtually on the touch-line", with
3300-620: The first questions decided by the Football Association (FA). At its second meeting, on 10 November 1863, the FA agreed on the following three resolutions: The next meeting, on 17 November, added the further condition that a goal could not be scored when the ball was "thrown, knocked or carried" between the posts. These points were reflected in the first draft of the Laws of the Game created by FA secretary E. C. Morley . Morley's proposal met with objections expressed in correspondence from J. C. Thring of Uppingham School , and also from William Chesterman of Sheffield F. C. , principally on
3375-416: The following sequence: When, in the opinion of the referee, these three conditions are met, the violation has occurred. It is not necessary for the ball to be "passed", it is not necessary for the ball to go "back", and it is not necessary for the deliberate play by the teammate to be "to" the goalkeeper. The back-pass rule was introduced in 1992 to discourage time-wasting and unduly defensive play after
3450-441: The foot to circumvent the rule. This would include flicking the ball up with the foot and then heading the ball back to the goalkeeper, or heading a ball on the ground that would otherwise be regularly playable with the foot. The United States Soccer Federation (USSF) has provided the following guidance to goalies about when they cannot use their hands on the ball in the penalty area: The offense rests on three events occurring in
3525-496: The game for only one season. At the International Football Conference of December 1882, it was decided to remove this law from the 1883-84 season. One commentator wrote that the rule "was the means of causing the referee a very awkward point to decide at times, and we all know the duties of the referee are heavy enough without this; and, further, the penalty, in my opinion, is too great [...] A free kick [...]
3600-512: The goal frame to catch goalscoring balls, but the ball is not required to touch the net. Rules concerning goal scoring are described in Law 10 of the Laws of the Game : A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no offence has been committed by the team scoring the goal. As with other cases of the ball travelling out of
3675-460: The goal frame. Even if serious foul play unambiguously prevents a goal from being scored, the referee cannot award a goal unless the ball enters the goal as described above; i.e., there is no provision for awarding a goal akin to the awarded goal in ice hockey , the penalty try in rugby football , or the goaltending offence in basketball (although such a provision did once exist, as described below ). A goal cannot be scored directly from
3750-409: The goal line or whether the attacking team committed an infringement. Goals incorrectly awarded or disallowed due to mistakes in determining if the ball crossed the line are referred to as ghost goals . The goal net was one of the earliest tools employed to aid match officials in determining whether a goal was scored. Introduced in the 1890s, the goal net provides a simple way to help determine whether
3825-461: The goal line. The video assistant referee was added in 2018 after years of trials; this is an additional assistant referee who constantly monitors video footage of the match and is empowered to advise the referee if he/she makes "clear and obvious errors" in matters, including in the awarding of goals. The Laws make no mention of attributing goals to individual players. Nevertheless, goals are almost always attributed to individuals, that player being
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#17328953884723900-400: The goal posts (at whatever height), not being thrown, knocked on, or carried At the first revision of the FA rules, in 1866, a tape was introduced between the posts at a height of 8 feet, with a goal counting only if the ball went below this tape. According to a contemporary newspaper report of the meeting: The chairman urged some strong reasons why a goal should not be won so long as
3975-475: The goalkeeper, stop the ball with his hands within three yards of the goal, when it is going in goal, it shall count a goal to the opponents." After a "long and noisy discussion", the change was rejected. At the 1881 meeting of the Football Association , a similar proposal was introduced by J. Arnall and J. B. Clayton of the Birmingham Football Association , but it was likewise rejected. Such
4050-463: The ground. This requirement was removed when the Clydesdale throw-in law was adopted in 1877. In 1871 a law-change introduced by Wanderers FC forbade players from playing the ball until it had travelled at least six yards. This requirement was dropped when the Scottish throw-in law was adopted in 1883. In 1882, an indirect free-kick was awarded for any violation of the throw-in law. In 1931, on
4125-469: The grounds that it would be difficult to judge whether a ball that went above the height of the posts should count as a goal; Thring correctly predicted that a crossbar "w[ould] be adopted in the end". Nevertheless, this feature of the game was preserved in the Association's first published set of laws, which read: A goal shall be won when the ball passes between the goal posts or over the space between
4200-405: The laws of the game reflected this decision, but the option of a kick-in was removed before the final version of the laws was adopted on 8 December 1863. This left the 1863 throw-in law very similar to those of Rugby School and Sheffield described earlier: When the ball is in touch the first player who touches it shall throw it from the point on the boundary line where it left the ground, in
4275-461: The moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must face the field of play. The thrower must have part of each foot on the touch-line or on the ground outside the touch-line, and use both hands to deliver the ball from behind and over the head. The ball becomes in play as soon as it enters the field of play. A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in; if a player throws the ball directly into their own goal without any other player touching it,
4350-426: The novel Tom Brown's School Days , published in 1857 but based on the author's experiences at Rugby School from 1834 to 1842: You see this gravel walk running down all along this side of the playing-ground, and the line of elms opposite on the other? Well, they're the bounds. As soon as the ball gets past them, it's in touch, and out of play. And then whoever first touches it, has to knock it straight out amongst
4425-408: The object of the game was typically to convey a ball into a specified area, or to touch a specific object (the area or object often being called the "goal") defended by the opposing team. This feat might itself be called a "goal"; alternative names such as "inn" were also in use. The game might be decided by a fixed number of goals (e.g. first goal scored wins or best of three) or be played for
4500-461: The one who provided the final action causing the goal to be scored. Generally, this is the last player to touch the ball, notwithstanding inconsequential deflections such as failed attempts at a save . Should a player cause a goal to be scored against their own team, the goal is recorded as an own goal . The authority on attributing goals varies between competitions. The Premier League in England has
4575-447: The opposing team from where the offence occurred, unless the second touch was also a more serious handling offence, in which case it is punishable by a direct free kick or penalty kick . If a player appears to take a throw-in but suddenly leaves it to a teammate to take, the player may be cautioned for delaying the restart of play. Any player who excessively delays the restart of play may also be cautioned. A goalkeeper cannot handle
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#17328953884724650-422: The players-up, who make two lines with a space between them, every fellow going on his own side ... He stands with the ball in his hand, while the two sides form in deep lines opposite one another: he must strike it straight out between them. Several features of this passages are notable: The 1851 rules of Rugby School describe a similar procedure, except that the ball is thrown in rather than struck or hit; this
4725-578: The publication of a pseudonymous letter in The Sportsman decrying the "hasty, ill-judged decision ... bringing the Football Association into disrepute", and denying that it represented "the general body of [Football] Association players – even of those in London". A subsequent extraordinary general meeting of the FA was held on 17 April, at which the Clydesdale amendment was reconsidered and passed. As
4800-521: The regular meeting of the FA, in February, the Sheffield Association again proposed its kick-in rule, while Clydesdale FC proposed a compromise rule which retained the throw-in but allowed it to go in any direction. The Sheffield Association agreed to withdraw its own proposal in favour of Clydesdale FC's compromise. However, even this compromise proposal was rejected, "to the intense regret of those who desired one common code of rules". This rejection prompted
4875-404: The result is a corner kick to the opposing side. Likewise an offensive goal cannot be scored directly from a throw in; the result, in this case, is a goal kick for the defending team. A player may not be penalised for an offside offence when receiving the ball directly from a throw-in. Skillful attackers can sometimes take advantage of this rule by getting behind the last defender(s) to receive
4950-404: The result that "the thrower is being impeded from completing the throw-in". There was also a concern about the possibility of "a confrontational situation developing between both players." Since 1866, the player taking the throw-in has been forbidden to touch the ball again until it has been touched by another player. In 1866, players were forbidden from playing the ball before it had touched
5025-435: The tape In 1875, after a proposal by Queen's Park FC , the laws allowed the option of using either a crossbar or tape. At the International Football Conference of December 1882, it was decided to require a crossbar; this change was introduced into the Football Association's laws in 1883. The dimensions of the goal (8 yards wide and 8 feet high) have remained unchanged since 1866. The original FA laws of 1863 disallowed
5100-453: The team who kicked the ball into touch, and could now be played in any direction. In 1873, Nottingham Forest F.C. proposed a change in the FA's throw-in law to make it more similar to the Sheffield rule: the throw-in would be awarded against the team who kicked out of play, and it could optionally be replaced by a kick-in. Only part of the suggested change was approved by the FA's meeting:
5175-408: The throw-in and having a clear path to goal. The optimal release angle for attaining maximum distance is about 30 degrees above the horizontal, according to researchers at Brunel University . According to the study, players are able to throw the ball with greater release velocity for lower angles. The optimal angle would be 45 degrees if the release velocity did not depend on the angle of throw, if
5250-414: The throw-in would be awarded against the team who kicked the ball out of play, but it could not be replaced by a kick-in. It was still required to be thrown in perpendicular to the touch-line. At the FA meetings of 1875 and 1876, the Sheffield clubs attempted to introduce their kick-in into the FA's laws. Both times the change was narrowly rejected after heated debate. Matters came to a head in 1877. At
5325-531: The topics settled at this conference was the throw-in: in April 1882, at the proposal of the Third Lanark club , the Scottish FA changed its rugby-style throw-in law (i.e. one-handed, perpendicular to the touchline) to the version in use today, i.e. thrown in any direction, but with two hands over the head; while the English laws, as described above, allowed the ball to be thrown with one hand in any direction. As
5400-409: The touch-line", but in 1932 it reverted to "both feet on or outside the touch-line". In 1937, the requirement was once again changed to "part of each foot shall be either on or outside the touchline". In 1960, the wording was further refined to "part of each foot shall be either on the touch-line or on the ground outside the touch-line". In 1895, the player taking the throw-in was required to face
5475-461: Was introduced as a punishment for handball. This indirect free-kick was thought to be an inadequate remedy for a handball which prevented an otherwise-certain goal. From a meeting of the Sheffield Football Association in February 1879, we have the following report: It was proposed by Mr. T. Banks, on behalf of the Norfolk Club , to add to law 8 — "If any player of the defending side, except
5550-406: Was introduced to allow a player to be offside from a throw-in. This situation lasted until 1920, when the law was altered to prevent a player being offside from a throw-in. In 1895, the thrower was required to "stand on the touch line". In 1896, it was clarified that the thrower could have "any part of both feet on the [touch] line". In 1925, this was changed to "both feet on the ground outside
5625-426: Was updated to punish with a yellow card an opponent who "unfairly distracts or impedes the thrower" for "unsporting behaviour". In 2016, the same punishment was applied to an opponent who approaches closer than the minimum 2 metre distance; it was further specified than an indirect free-kick must be awarded if the ball has already been thrown in when the referee stops play to deal with the offence. The name "throw-in"
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