The Adi people are one of the most populous groups of indigenous peoples in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh . A few thousand are also found in the Tibet Autonomous Region , where they are called the Lhoba together with some of the Nyishi people , Na people , Mishmi people and Tagin people .
32-640: Pasighat is the headquarters of East Siang district in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh . Situated at the eastern foothills of the Himalayas at 155 metres (509 ft) above mean sea level, Pasighat is Arunachal's oldest town. The Government of India included Pasighat in the Smart Cities Mission development scheme in June 2017. It is also an Advance Landing Ground (ALG) of Indian Air Force . Pasighat
64-427: A beyop , an ornament that consists of five to six brass plates fixed under their petticoats. Tattooing was popular among the older women. The traditional measure of a family's wealth is the possession of domestic animals (particularly gayals ), beads and ornaments, and land. The Adi celebrate a number of festivals, in particular, their prime festivals are Aran , Donggin , Solung , Podi Barbii and Etor . Solung
96-411: A literacy rate of 73.54%. After division, the residual district has a population of 70,956. Scheduled Tribes make up 46,334 which is 65.30% of the population. Religions recorded as 'other' in the census, mainly Donyi-Polo , make up 32,728 which is 46.12% of the population. Hinduism is a sizeable minority religion which makes up 23,597 which is 33.26% of the population. Christians make up 11,249 which
128-479: A typical lowland Northeast India humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cwa ) a little too cool to qualify as a tropical monsoon climate ( Am ). The unique trough-like features surrounded by high hills on three sides make Pasighat ideal for attracting rain-bearing clouds that come in from the Assam plain. The rain-bearing wind gets obstructed by the hills and brings exceptionally heavy rainfall from June to September when
160-634: Is 15.85% of the population. Muslims are 2,137 which is 3.01% of the population. Buddhists are 670 which is 0.94% of the population. Various tribal groups of the Adi people live in various parts of the district. The local people traditionally follow Donyi-Polo , although a sizeable minority have converted to Christianity. At the time of the 2011 census, 62.78% of the population spoke Adi , 12.17% Nepali , 8.29% Hindi , 5.12% Bengali , 4.82% Bhojpuri , 3.34% Assamese , 1.80% Mishing and 1.32% Boro as their first language. In 1978 East Siang district became home to
192-604: Is called Taktor ). Adi dances vary from the slow, rustic and beautifully enchanting Ponung style (performed in Solung festival) to the exhilarating, exuberant thumps of Delong performed by men during the Etor festival. These dances have led to certain forms of dancing which jointly narrate a story, the Tapu (War Dance). In the Tapu, the dancers vigorously re-enact the actions of war, its gory details and
224-432: Is observed in the first week of September for five days or more. It is a harvest festival performed after the sowing of seeds and transplantation, to seek for future bumper crops. Ponung songs and dances are performed by women folk during the festival. On the last day of Solung, throne and indigenous weaponry are displayed along the passage of the houses – a belief that they would protect people from evil spirits (This ritual
256-465: Is situated at a distance of 32 km from Pasighat and can take a bus or taxi. Nearest rail head is at Murkongselek which is terminal station of the Rangia - Murkongselek broad gauge track. The 227-km Murkongselek-Pasighat-Tezu-Rupai line is being undertaken as a strategic project. The rail head is proposed to be extended up to Pasighat. The BG railway line will link North-Assam area with Pasighat town,
288-495: Is the land of the Siang river and indigenous hanging bridges. A waterfall graces the mountain cliffs and chills the vicinity. Attractions in the town include: East Siang East Siang (Pron:/ˈsjæŋ or ˈsɪæŋ/) is an administrative district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. In 1989 territory was transferred from West Siang district to East Siang. A decade later, in 1999,
320-564: Is the principal festival of the Adi , came into existence when the Goddess of wealth, Kiine-Naane, had asked them in person to carry out this worship or ' puja '. Solung is celebrated by the Adis for five days in the month of September. The first day or the Solung Gidi Dogin is the day when they prepare for this event. Doreph Long , the second day is the day of animal slaughters. Binnyat Binam or
352-418: The 2011 census East Siang district has a population of 99,214, roughly equal to the nation of Kiribati . This gives it a ranking of 615th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 27 inhabitants per square kilometre (70/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 13.3%. East Siang has a sex ratio of 962 females for every 1000 males, and
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#1733084741018384-456: The Adi people . Languages spoken in Pasighat (2011) According to 2011 census, Adi was the most spoken language with 9,074 speakers followed by Nepali at 4,269, Bengali at 2,621, Bhojpuri at 2,511, Hindi at 1,905 and Assamese at 1,181. The people of Pasighat celebrate a variety of festivals. Solung, Aran, and Etor are important festivals. Legend has it that the festival regarded as Solung, which
416-743: The D’Ering Memorial (Lali) Wildlife Sanctuary , which has an area of 190 km (73.4 sq mi). Adi people They live in a region of the Southern Himalayas which falls within the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and the Mainling , Lhunze , Zayu , Medog , and Nyingchi counties in the Tibet Autonomous Region , China . The present habitat of the Adi people is heavily influenced by
448-595: The average monthly rainfall is 796 millimetres or 31.34 inches – equivalent to over 1 inch or 25.4 millimetres per day. Winter is marked by strong, cool, dry northeasterly winds from the Siberian High , which make Pasighat fog-free even in winter. Days during the “cool” season from November to February are generally warm and clear, whilst the “hot” spring season from March to May sees an increasing frequency of heavy thunder downpours and very warm to hot, humid weather with even mornings warm. The Brahmaputra River emerges from
480-565: The district headquarter of East Siang of Arunachal, located at a rail route distance of 26.5 km. About 24.5 km of the route falls in Arunachal territory. The Rangia - Murkongselek BG conversion (with extension up to Pasighat) project was one of the two major rail projects in Northeast announced by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh during 2010. This broad gauge line is supposed to be proceeding on to Roing, Parsuramkund , Rupai , and other places in
512-921: The district was bifurcated to make Upper Siang district . East Siang district was first settled by Dibu-marang clans and was later driven away by some padam clan (subtribe of adi). Later padam clans accompanied it's close ally pasi and settled near padam mone and balek respectively. Later, due to epidemic (considered as spiritual) in the mone areas padams had to retreat. The district headquarters are located at Pasighat . East Siang district occupies an area of 4,005 square kilometres (1,546 sq mi), comparatively equivalent to Indonesia 's Nias Island . There are 5 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly constituencies located in this district: Panging, Nari-Koyu , Pasighat West , Pasighat East , and Mebo . All of these are part of Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency . The district consists of 6 circles: Mebo , Namsing, Sile-Oyan, Pasighat , Bilat and Ruksin . According to
544-474: The dormitories are observed. For example, a male can visit the dormitory of a female, although he is not allowed to stay overnight. At times, guardians will have to be around to guide the youngsters. There are separate dresses for women and men which are woven by women of the tribes. Helmets made from cane, bear, and deerskin are sometimes worn by the men, depending on the region. While the older women wear yellow necklaces and spiral earrings, unmarried girls wear
576-491: The ethnic groups recognizing themselves as "Adi" are believed to be descendants of the Abutani/Abotani. The older term Abor is an exonym from Assamese and its literal meaning is "independent". The literal meaning of adi is "hill" or "mountain top". The Adi live in hill villages, each traditionally keeping to itself, under a selected chief styled Gam or Gao Burra who moderates the village council, which acts even as
608-479: The first-ever administrative headquarters being established here with an Assistant Political Officer posted. In the post-independence era, Pasighat is credited with the first Airfield (near Paglek, P. I. Line) established in 1946. The first Agricultural Institute in Arunachal Pradesh was also established at Pasighat in 1950. Other forms of later infrastructural development include: Early proponents for moving
640-505: The foothills under the name of Dihang or Siang in Pasighat. It enters the plains from here, in the west of Sadiya town in Arunachal Pradesh. Flowing south-west, it receives its main left-bank tributaries, viz. Dibang and Lohit ; thereafter, it is known as the Brahmaputra in the plains. Then it crosses the Pasighat area heading for the Assam plains. Agriculture is the main occupation of
672-497: The help of Mupak Mili and Atsong Pertin, considered the fathers of the Adi language or Adi script. Adi is taught as a third language in schools of communities dominated by the Adi. The Adi speak Hindi as a lingua-franca for communicating with other indigenous groups of people in Arunachal Pradesh and the other northeast states . Dormitories play an important role among the Adi people, and certain rules governing
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#1733084741018704-543: The historic location of the ancient Lhoyu. They are found in the temperate and sub-tropical regions within the districts of Siang , East Siang , Upper Siang , West Siang , Lower Dibang Valley , Lohit , Shi Yomi and Namsai within Arunachal Pradesh. The term "Adi" however, is not to be confused with the Lhoba people , since the Lhoba also includes the Mishmi along with the Adi people. All
736-491: The local people. Rice is the main food crop produced in the area. There are several large tea gardens in the vicinity of the town which attract workers from all over the region. Lumbering was a big sustaining industry till the Supreme Court clamped down on the industry during the 1990s. There is also a bit of tourism in Pasighat, being the oldest town in Arunachal Pradesh. Agriculture, horticulture, and tourism continue to be
768-405: The main source of economy for the town. As of 2011 India Census , Pasighat had a population of 24,656. Males constitute 50.62% (12,482 males) of the population and females 49.37% (12,174 females). Pasighat has an average literacy rate of 79.6%: male literacy is 85.33%, and female literacy is 73.74%. In Pasighat, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Pasighat is predominantly inhabited by
800-603: The state capital from Shillong (the then NEFA ), underlined Pasighat's better infrastructure. However, the privilege was lost to the present capital Itanagar in 1974. The only significant development in Pasighat that came after that was the College Of Horticulture and Forestry Central Agriculture University established on 7 March 2001. Pasighat is located at 28°04′N 95°20′E / 28.07°N 95.33°E / 28.07; 95.33 . It has an average elevation of 153 metres or 502 feet. Pasighat has
832-488: The state, from Pasighat to Shillong, Meghalaya via Guwahati on the daily basis. Bus services are available to Guwahati, Assam which are run by private operators. Private-owned Winger and Tata Sumo services also run across the district and run in the other districts. Also, regular flights from Pasighat to Guwahati and Guwahati to Pasighat on selected weekdays have also started since April 2018. Guwahati and Kolkata are connected with Pasighat Airport by Alliance Air . Pasighat
864-464: The state. A preliminary engineering-traffic survey for the Pasighat- Tezu - Parshuram Kund was conducted by Northeast Frontier Railways at the request of the state government. Arunachal Pradesh State Transport Services (APSTS) is another means of transportation in the district which is linked with other districts and nearby villages. APSTS buses are also run from Pasighat to Itanagar, the capital of
896-570: The third day is the day of prayers. Taktor of Ekoph is the fourth day and on this day arms and ammunition are manufactured. Miri or the fifth day is the day of farewell. The Adi people are known for their colourful Ponung dance and war dance called Taapu . Pasighat is connected by the NH-515 and have frequent services from Guwahati , Lakhimpur and Itanagar. Waterways crossing the Brahmaputra River from Dibrugarh by ferry to Oryamghat that
928-516: The traditional court, referred to as a Kebang . The olden day councils consisted of all the village elders and decisions were decided in a Musup/Dere (village community house). The various languages and dialects of the Adi people fall into two groups: Abor (Abor-Minyong, Bor-abor (Padam), Abor-Miri, etc.) and Lhoba (Lho-Pa, Luoba). Adi literature has been developed by Christian missionaries since 1900. The missionaries J. H. Lorrain and F. W. Savidge published an Abor-Miri Dictionary in 1906 with
960-547: The tribal Donyi-Polo religion. Worship of gods and goddesses like Kine Nane , Doying Bote , Gumin Soyin and Pedong Nane, etc., and religious observances are led by a shaman , called Mibu (can be a female). Each deity is associated with certain tasks and acts as a protector and guardian of various topics related to nature which revolves around their daily life. This includes the food crops, home, rain, etc. Adi in Tibet, in particular
992-545: The triumphant cries of the warriors. Yakjong is performed in the Aran festival. This is another kind of dance whereby the dancers carry sticks with designs created by removing the barks in certain patterns and then put into the fire for some time, which creates the marked black designs. The Adi practice wet rice cultivation and have a considerable agricultural economy. Rice serves as the staple food for them along with meat and other vegetables The majority of Adi traditionally follow
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1024-465: Was founded in 1911 by the British Raj as a gateway to administrative convenience of the greater Abor Hills and the north area in general. Primarily there were settlements of Adi tribesmen who are still living in the villages in and around Pasighat. Cognizance of Pasighat emerged due to the last Anglo-Abor War that was fought in 1912 subsequent to the fourth Anglo-Abor War in 1894. This necessitated
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