Misplaced Pages

#334665

23-525: The name Břežany is derived from the word břeh (' bank ' in Czech, but in old Czech also meaning 'hillside') or from the word březí ('birch forest'). The word břežané denoted people who live near a bank, hillside or birch forest, so Břežany was a village of such people. The attribute panenské ("virgin's") referred to the women's convent that owned the village. Panenské Břežany is located about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Prague . The western part of

46-680: A large river is enormous. It has been estimated that the Mississippi River annually carries 406 million tons of sediment to the sea, the Yellow River 796 million tons, and the Po River in Italy 67 million tons. The names of many rivers derive from the color that the transported matter gives the water. For example, the Yellow River (Huang He) in China is named after the hue of the sediment it carries, and

69-454: A short distance then settling again). If the upwards velocity is higher than the settling velocity, the sediment will be transported high in the flow as wash load . As there are generally a range of different particle sizes in the flow, it is common for material of different sizes to move through all areas of the flow for given stream conditions. Sediment motion can create self-organized structures such as ripples , dunes , or antidunes on

92-427: A well-known example of this being the southern left bank and the northern right bank of the river Seine defining parts of Paris . The shoreline of ponds , swamps , estuaries , reservoirs , or lakes are also of interest in limnology and are sometimes referred to as banks. The grade of all these banks or shorelines can vary from vertical to a shallow slope. In freshwater ecology , banks are of interest as

115-471: Is a long narrow island composed of sand and forming a barrier between an island lagoon or sound and the ocean. A submerged plateau is a relatively flat topped elevation of the sea floor at shallow depth — generally less than 200 metres (660 ft) — typically on the continental shelf or near an island . Fluvial In geography and geology , fluvial sediment processes or fluvial sediment transport are associated with rivers and streams and

138-463: The White Nile is named for the clay it carries. The main kinds of fluvial processes are: The major fluvial (river and stream) depositional environments include: Rivers and streams carry sediment in their flows. This sediment can be in a variety of locations within the flow, depending on the balance between the upwards velocity on the particle (drag and lift forces), and the settling velocity of

161-418: The deposits and landforms created by sediments . It can result in the formation of ripples and dunes , in fractal -shaped patterns of erosion, in complex patterns of natural river systems, and in the development of floodplains and the occurrence of flash floods . Sediment moved by water can be larger than sediment moved by air because water has both a higher density and viscosity . In typical rivers

184-412: The flow is confined. Stream banks are of particular interest in fluvial geography, which studies the processes associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them. Bankfull discharge is a discharge great enough to fill the channel and overtop the banks. The descriptive terms left bank and right bank refer to the perspective of an observer looking downstream ;

207-450: The river bed . The movement of water across the stream bed exerts a shear stress directly onto the bed. If the cohesive strength of the substrate is lower than the shear exerted, or the bed is composed of loose sediment which can be mobilized by such stresses, then the bed will be lowered purely by clearwater flow. In addition, if the river carries significant quantities of sediment , this material can act as tools to enhance wear of

230-666: The SS- Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich , with their families. In May 1942, while driving from the mansion to his work in Prague , Heydrich died as a result of an assassination attempt . After Heydrich's death, his widow Lina lived with the children at the castle until 1945. Their ten-year-old son Klaus died in a car accident there in October 1943. The Horní Castle was occupied by Karl Hermann Frank during World War II. "In April 1943 Hitler finally decided that

253-421: The bed ( abrasion ). At the same time the fragments themselves are ground down, becoming smaller and more rounded ( attrition ). Sediment in rivers is transported as either bedload (the coarser fragments which move close to the bed) or suspended load (finer fragments carried in the water). There is also a component carried as dissolved material. For each grain size there is a specific flow velocity at which

SECTION 10

#1733092677335

276-415: The future of the [Heydrich] family must be safeguarded, and by a special Fuehrer-decree he ordered that Heydrich's "beloved schloss Jungfern-Breschan" with all its contents and lands should be handed over to his widow and family in perpetuity. The Fuehrer added that it was his desire that the heirs should always be associated with the property." The D8 motorway from Prague to Ústí nad Labem passes through

299-538: The grains start to move, called entrainment velocity . However the grains will continue to be transported even if the velocity falls below the entrainment velocity due to the reduced (or removed) friction between the grains and the river bed. Eventually the velocity will fall low enough for the grains to be deposited. This is shown by the Hjulström curve . A river is continually picking up and dropping solid particles of rock and soil from its bed throughout its length. Where

322-420: The largest carried sediment is of sand and gravel size, but larger floods can carry cobbles and even boulders . When the stream or rivers are associated with glaciers , ice sheets , or ice caps , the term glaciofluvial or fluvioglacial is used, as in periglacial flows and glacial lake outburst floods . Fluvial sediment processes include the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition on

345-426: The location of riparian habitats . Riparian zones occur along upland and lowland river and stream beds. The ecology around and depending on a marsh , swamp , slough , or estuary , sometimes called a bank, is likewise studied in freshwater ecology. Banks are also of interest in navigation , where the term can refer either to a barrier island or a submerged plateau , such as an ocean bank . A barrier island

368-708: The municipality lies in the Prague Plateau , the eastern part lies in the Central Elbe Table . The settlement was first mentioned in 1233 as the possession of the Benedictine St. George's Convent at Prague Castle . The first mention of a fortress in Panenské Břežany is from 1441. In the first half of the 18th century a Baroque palace was built, which came to be called the Horní Castle ("Upper Castle"). After

391-632: The municipality. The Upper Castle is open to the public. It contains several exhibitions with chapters of Czech history during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . Next to the castle is the Chapel of Saint Anne. This valuable chapel was built by the architect Jan Santini Aichel . The Lower Castle is also a landmark of Panenské Břežany. It is a Neoclassical building with a monumental staircase in Art Deco style. Since 2016, it has been unused and inaccessible to

414-568: The particle. These relationships are shown in the following table for the Rouse number , which is a ratio of sediment settling velocity (fall velocity) to upwards velocity. Rouse = Settling velocity Upwards velocity from lift and drag = w s κ u ∗ {\displaystyle {\textbf {Rouse}}={\frac {\text{Settling velocity}}{\text{Upwards velocity from lift and drag}}}={\frac {w_{s}}{\kappa u_{*}}}} where If

437-417: The public. Bank (geography) In geography , a bank is the land alongside a body of water . Different structures are referred to as banks in different fields of geography, as follows. In limnology (the study of inland waters), a stream bank or river bank is the terrain alongside the bed of a river , creek, or stream . The bank consists of the sides of the channel , between which

460-467: The river flow is fast, more particles are picked up than dropped. Where the river flow is slow, more particles are dropped than picked up. Areas where more particles are dropped are called alluvial or flood plains, and the dropped particles are called alluvium . Even small streams make alluvial deposits, but it is in floodplains and deltas of large rivers that large, geologically-significant alluvial deposits are found. The amount of matter carried by

483-585: The secularization of the monastery during reign of Emperor Joseph II , the estate fell to the Virgin Teinitz Religious foundation. Until 1828 the owners changed several times, then it was purchased by Matthias von Riese-Stallburg. Around 1840 he built the Dolní Castle ("Lower Castle"). His descendants lost the property in 1901 because of indebtedness to the Prague Credit Bank. In 1909 the property

SECTION 20

#1733092677335

506-404: The upwards velocity is approximately equal to the settling velocity, sediment will be transported downstream entirely as suspended load . If the upwards velocity is much less than the settling velocity, but still high enough for the sediment to move (see Initiation of motion ), it will move along the bed as bed load by rolling, sliding, and saltating (jumping up into the flow, being transported

529-646: Was bought by Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer , a financially strong Jewish buyer involved in the sugar industry. Following the Nazi occupation after 1939, the Jewish industrialist fled and the estate was confiscated. From 1939 to 1942 the Lower Castle was the residence of the Reichsprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia . In the castle complex lived both Konstantin von Neurath and from 1941 his deputy ( Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor ),

#334665