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41-713: The Palatine Higher Regional Court in Zweibrücken ( Pfälzisches Oberlandesgericht Zweibrücken ) is one of two Higher Regional Courts in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate , along with the Higher Regional Court in Koblenz. The Palatine Higher Regional Court is one of the oldest of its kind in Germany . It was established in 1816 when King Maximilian I of Bavaria – also the last Duke of Zweibrücken in personal union – ordered

82-519: A police court for affronting authorities. The introduction of the Reichsjustizgesetze on 1 October 1879 saw the court of appeal receive the appellation of “Higher Regional Court”. The “Bezirksgerichte” (district courts) associated with it, in Frankenthal , Kaiserslautern, Landau and Zweibrücken, became “Landgerichte” (county courts). From 1938 the Higher Regional Court assumed responsibility for

123-659: A result of the Congress of Vienna , parts of the western shore of the Rhine – corresponding to today's Palatinate and the Saar-Pfalz district of the state of Saarland – had been taken over by Bavaria. In 1816 the King of Bavaria, Maximilian I – also the last Duke of Zweibrücken, from 1795 to 1825 – ordered the relocation of the royal court of appeal from Kaiserslautern to Zweibrücken, to commence operations from 1 August onwards. The opening ceremony

164-630: A small prop-driven transport plane, also flew out of the base in the 1980s under the 10th Military Airlift Squadron , a tenant Military Airlift Command unit. The squadron's mission was to deliver high-priority aircraft parts to bases in USAFE to ensure a maximum number of aircraft were combat-ready. Today Zweibrücken Air Base has been transformed into the modern Zweibrücken Airport , an international airport with flights to Palma de Mallorca , Antalya , Gran Canaria , Teneriffe , Rhodos , Heraklion and Fuerteventura (TUIfly), Istanbul (Pegasus Airlines). On

205-496: Is " Cfb " (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). Zweibrücken is twinned with: Frankenthal Frankenthal (Pfalz) ( Palatine German : Frongedahl ) is a town in southwestern Germany , in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate . Frankenthal was first mentioned in 772. In 1119 an Augustinian monastery was built here, the ruins of which — known, after the founder, as the Erkenbertruine — still stand today in

246-494: Is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Pirmasens , 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Saarbrücken and 55 kilometres (34 mi) from Kaiserslautern. The town stretches about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north to south and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east-west. Weaving, brewing and the manufacture of machinery, chicory, cigars, malt, boots, furniture and soap were the chief industries before World War II. Nowadays Terex cranes and bulldozers and John Deere harvesting equipment are

287-558: Is operated by DB Regio Mitte with currently DMU's of the Class 642 ( Siemens Desiro Classic ). The public transport is operated by Stadtbus Zweibrücken GmbH, a Transdev Germany company, with currently eight bus lines (221-226, 228 and 229 on saturday from 2 p.m. and sundays). The company is integrated in the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (VRN). The bus service operates from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. on weekdays, on weekends

328-632: Is subordinate only to the Federal Court of Justice ( Bundesgerichtshof ). Subordinate to the Higher Regional Court itself are the county courts in Frankenthal (Palatinate), Kaiserslautern, Landau in der Pfalz and Zweibrücken, along with their respective local courts. The federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate has used the opportunity to concentrate responsibilities for specific aspects of “Freiwilligen Gerichtsbarkeit” (voluntary jurisdiction) on its Higher Regional Court; all such matters have been assigned to

369-665: The CF-100 Canuck , then the CF-104 Starfighter . When the RCAF transferred the wing 100 km (62 mi) southeast to CFB Baden–Soellingen , the USAFE moved onto the base with Phantom RF-4C aircraft, under the 38th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron of the 26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing . These were photo-reconnaissance aircraft with missions all over Europe and used in Operation Desert Storm . The Short C-23 Sherpa ,

410-615: The Peace of Lunéville in 1801, the French annexation of Zweibrücken was confirmed; on its reunion with Germany in 1814 the greater part of the territory was given to Bavaria, the remainder to Oldenburg and Kingdom of Prussia . The town of Zweibrücken became part of the Palatine region of the Kingdom of Bavaria . At the ducal printing office at Zweibrücken the fine series of the classical editions known as

451-506: The 1697 Treaty of Rijswijk , "The Duchy of Zweibruecken was restored to the King of Sweden, as Count Palatine of the Rhine." In 1731, Palatinate-Zweibrücken passed to the Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken branch of the counts palatine, from where it came under the sway of Bavaria in 1799. It was occupied by France in 1793 and on 4 November 1797, Zweibrücken became a canton centre in department of Mont Tonnerre . At

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492-683: The Bipontine Editions was published (1779 sqq.). The last prominent social event before the First World War was the inauguration of the Rosengarten (rose garden) by Princess Hildegard of Bavaria in June 1914. As a consequence of the First World War, Zweibrücken was occupied by French troops between 1918 and 1930. In the course of the Kristallnacht in 1938, Zweibrücken's synagogue was destroyed. On

533-506: The German people, a festival to shake off all violence within and without”. Their close circle included numerous advocates and judges from the Zweibrücken court of appeal, such as Schüler, Geib, Savoye, Cullmann and Hoffmann. On 27 May 1832, twenty to thirty thousand people assembled at Hambach Castle at what was the largest ever mass event in Germany before 1848. The Bavarian government's reaction

574-526: The Higher Regional Court. Furthermore, the Rhineland-Palatinate's disciplinary tribunal for judges also takes place at the Higher Regional Court in Zweibrücken. Zweibr%C3%BCcken The name Zweibrücken means 'two bridges'; older forms of the name include Middle High German Zweinbrücken , Latin Geminus Pons and Bipontum , and French Deux-Ponts , all with the same meaning. The town

615-702: The Reichsjustizgesetze coming into force on 1 October 1879, and the introduction of the German Civil Code on 1 January 1900. The German law which succeeded it was in many aspects influenced by the values of French law. During the Restauration and Vormärz periods, the Palatinate became a stronghold of the liberal-democratic movement which reached its zenith in 1832 with the “Hambacher Fest”. Philipp Siebenpfeiffer and Johann Wirth , both journalists, had transformed Zweibrücken and Homburg into hotspots of fighting for

656-816: The USA MATCOMEUR (Material Command, Europe), later renamed the US Army Material Management Agency, Europe. During the US military draw down in the 1990s, control of the Air Base was transferred to the Bundeswehr. The base's housing toward the center of the city and Kreuzberg itself were eventually also transferred to the German government by the mid-1990s. Zweibrücken is situated at the Landau-Rohrbach railway and offsets hourly connections to Saarbrücken . This line

697-542: The chief industries. The Hochschule Kaiserslautern [1] , one of the largest universities in the Rhineland-Palatinate with about 6,300 students, has one of its three campuses in Zweibrücken. The city of Zweibrücken is represented at various cultural events by the Rose Queen, who is elected every two years. Zweibrücken has one of the largest Rosariums in the World with 45000 Plants and 1500 Species. It consists of 2 gardens with

738-531: The death of Count Eberhard II (1394), who in 1385 had sold half his territory to the Count Palatine of the Rhine, and held the other half as his feudal domain. Louis (d. 1489), son of Stephen , founded the line of the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken . In 1533, Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken converted Palatine Zweibrücken to the new Protestant faith. In 1559, Wolfgang founded the earliest grammar school in

779-611: The district of the Saarbrücken county court; in 1940 it added the district of the Metz county court to its jurisdiction, located in the French region of Lothringia (then under occupation by the Third Reich ). The chaos of war forced the Higher Regional Court to move twice – first to Ludwigshafen and then to Kirchheimbolanden , where its operations were temporarily put to an end in March 1945 with

820-806: The entry of American troops into the town. In 1946 it resumed operations; however due to the destruction of Zweibrücken Castle during the war its seat was moved to Neustadt an der Weinstraße . On 1 January 1965 the Higher Regional Court was moved back to the reconstructed Zweibrücken Castle. In recognition of its noteworthy past, the court was officially designated the “Pfälzisches Oberlandesgericht Zweibrücken” (Palatine Higher Regional Court, Zweibrücken) in 1990. The Palatine Higher Regional Court has its seat in Zweibrücken, in Zweibrücken Castle . The area covered by its jurisdiction includes 1.5 million people. As of 1 January 2014, there are 1,459 approved lawyers living in this area. The Palatine Higher Regional Court

861-582: The famous Frankenthal porcelain factory was opened, which remained in production until 1800. During this period, the town was also known in English as Frankendal . In 1797 the town came under French occupation during the French Revolutionary Wars . It passed into the rule of Bavaria in 1816. The beginning of modern industrialisation is dated from 1859. In 1938 the Jewish synagogue, built in 1884,

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902-516: The main garden having a area of 50.000 square meters. The second, smaller garden is accessible without entry fee and is located at the Fasanerie and contains Wild Rose plants. The city is sometimes known as the "Rose City". The Zweibrücken City Museum has a permanent exhibition in the former residence of court gardener Ernst August Bernhard Petri, documenting the eventful history of Zweibrücken. In addition, special exhibitions take place regularly, e.g. on

943-544: The most important old holdings libraries in the state. The Bibliotheca Bipontina is housed in the building of the Helmholtz-Gymnasium Zweibrücken. The Zweibrücken City Library, which has existed since 1903, is housed in an adjoining building of the town hall and has a stock of around 50,000 volumes. Branches are the youth library and the Rimschweiler branch. On the outskirts of the town, Zweibrücken Air Base

984-450: The new rights of freedom through their establishment of the “Deutscher Preß- und Vaterlandsverein” (German Press and Fatherland Union) and publication of the “Boten aus dem Westen” (Messages from the West) and “Deutsche Tribüne” (German Tribune). In April 1832 they issued a general invitation to a large-scale but peaceable festival at Hambach Castle – in the words of Wirth a “national festival for

1025-535: The occasion of the 200th anniversary of the State Stud. The Bibliotheca Bipontina is a scientific regional library in Zweibrücken, whose holdings mainly go back to rescued parts of the ducal libraries and therefore partly houses very valuable first editions from the 16th century. It is part of the Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate State Library Centre) and one of

1066-529: The other side of the town was Kreuzberg Kaserne, home to various units of the United States Army. Only one combat unit was located there: Battery A, 2nd Battalion, 60th Air Defense Artillery , with its Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB) at Ramstein Air Base . The 3d Battalion, 60th ADA was a subordinate unit of the 32nd Army Air Defense Command . Major tenants at Kreuzberg Kaserne were USAISEC-EUR (Information Systems Engineering Command - Europe) and

1107-569: The outbreak of the Second World War the town was evacuated in 1939–1940, as it lay in the ‘Red Zone’ on the fortified Siegfried Line . Shortly before the end of the war, on 14 March 1945, the town was nearly completely destroyed in an air raid by the Royal Canadian Air Force, with the loss of more than 200 lives. On 20 March, American ground troops reached Zweibrücken. The town became part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate after

1148-443: The principle of oral presentation during court proceedings, as well as jury involvement – endured. French law was held in high regard. These liberal achievements, including freedom of the press, were very important to the population. As a result, these modern laws were also maintained on the western shores of the Rhine under Bavarian rule. Only gradually, over a lengthy period of time, did French law become less significant - such as with

1189-731: The relocation of the Bavarian court of appeal, which had been established in Kaiserslautern in July 1815. The origins of the Palatine Court of Appeal are closely linked to the administrative reorganisation of the area west of the river Rhine following the fall of Napoleon . In 1815, after the end of French rulership, the royal Austrian and Bavarian regional administration had established a court of appeal in Kaiserslautern for this area of Germany. As

1230-541: The rush hour. From 1996 to 1999, a temporary circuit at Zweibrucken Airport held various rounds of the Super Tourenwagen Cup and the German F3 Championship. The track still hosts historic racing events as recently as September 3, 2020 Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate

1271-416: The times are changed depending on the requirements. On Sunday, the bus service does not start until 2:00 p.m. and is then only provided with lines 225 and 229. The end of operations is then 7:30 p.m. The fleet consists of 10 MAN Lion's City city buses from 2020, and 4 articulated buses Mercedes-Benz Citaro G and a further 3 MAN Lion's City buses are available for school buses and booster traffic in

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1312-486: The town (Herzog-Wolfgang- Gymnasium ), which lasted until 1987. When Charles X Gustav , the son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg , succeeded his cousin, Queen Christina of Sweden , on the Swedish throne , Palatinate-Zweibrücken was in personal union with Sweden, a situation that lasted until 1718. Starting in 1680, Louis XIV 's Chambers of Reunion awarded Zweibruecken and other localities to France, but under

1353-404: The town centre. In the second half of the 16th century, people from Flanders , persecuted for their religious beliefs, settled in Frankenthal. They were industrious and artistic and brought economic prosperity to the town. Some of them were important carpet weavers, jewellers and artists whose Frankenthaler Malerschule ("Frankenthal school of painting") acquired some fame. In 1577 the settlement

1394-593: The town was burnt to the ground by French troops in the War of the Grand Alliance . The town did not fully recover from this for more than fifty years. However, in 1750, under the rule of the Elector (Kurfürst) Charles Theodore , Frankenthal was established as a centre of industry. To establish trade, a port was built between 1772-1781, numerous factories were opened and mulberry trees were planted for silk production. In 1755

1435-587: The war. In 1993, the town underwent a major change. With the departure of the Americans, the military area became free, which corresponded altogether to a third of the entire urban area. Unemployment increased to approximately 21%, leading to a decrease in demand in the retail trade of approximately 25%. Zweibrucken is in the Southwestern portion of the Western Palatinate , bordering the state of Saarland . It

1476-538: Was burnt to the ground during the Kristallnacht . In 1943 during a bombing raid the centre of the town was almost completely destroyed. In 1945, at the end of World War II , its industries in ruins, it was occupied first by the Americans and then by the French. From 1946 Frankenthal has been part of the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Today the town is again the site of some medium-sized industries. Frankenthal

1517-655: Was held on 16 October 1816. The city to which the Bavarian king had felt connected since childhood was now the seat of the highest-ranking court in the Palatinate – probably to act as a balance to Speyer , where the government of the Rhineland was based. The law practiced by the court of appeal did not change for some time after the end of the Napoleonic era. The major achievements of the French Revolution – separation of powers, legal equality of all citizens, public viewing and

1558-637: Was home during the Cold War to the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) until early 1969, then to the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) from 1969. The RCAF stationed No. 3 Fighter Wing of No.1 Canadian Air Division at Zweibrücken AB. During the years 1953 to 1968, it was the home to the RCAF's 413 , 427 and 434 Fighter Squadrons flying F-86 Sabre jets , and 440 Squadron , which flew

1599-401: Was immediate and drastic. Siebenpfeiffer and Wirth were arrested and, among others, put on trial – by jury however – before the court of appeal on a charge of high treason. To prevent further unrest the “assize trial” was transferred from Zweibrücken to Landau. The trial ended with an acquittal from the charge of high treason – however Siebenpfeiffer and Wirth were subsequently put on trial before

1640-584: Was raised to the status of a city by the Count Palatine Johann Casimir . In 1600 Frankenthal was converted to a fortress. In 1621 it was garrisoned by English soldiers under Sir Horace Vere and besieged by the Spanish during the Thirty Years' War , and then successively occupied by troops of the opposing sides. Trade and industry were ruined and the town was not reconstructed until 1682. In 1689

1681-571: Was the capital of the former Imperial State of Palatine Zweibrücken owned by the House of Wittelsbach . The ducal castle is now occupied by the high court of the Palatinate ( Oberlandesgericht ). There is a fine Gothic Protestant church, Alexander's church, founded in 1493 and rebuilt in 1955. From the end of the 12th century, Zweibrücken was the seat of the County of Zweibrücken , the counts being descended from Henry I, youngest son of Simon I, Count of Saarbrücken (d. 1182). The line became extinct on

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